HSHK Ôn thi vào 10 – Tiếng Anh

ĐÁP ÁN THAM KHẢO - ĐỀ THI VÀO LỚP 10 CHUYÊN ANH

SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO HÀ NỘI 2021

LISTENING
Part 1:
1. peace 6. power-lines / power lines
2. happiness 7. Endangered Wildlife Trust
(hoặc: 1. happiness, 2. peace) 8. behave
3.twenty-one thousand / 21,000 / 21000 9. dress up
4. wetlands (hoặc: 8. dress up, 9. behave)
5. (fallen) grain 10. transmitters

Transcript - Part 1:
Cranes are huge, spectacular birds, tall and elegant on the ground, with a large, impressive
wingspan in the sky. By their very presence, cranes demand attention. Perhaps that's why they
have featured heavily in Asian art, literature and legend for thousands of years, and why they are
seen as a symbol of (1-2) peace and happiness in India. In Africa, they are an emblem of the Zulu
Royal family and the crane is South Africa's national bird. There are a total of 15 species of crane
worldwide, seven of which are under threat, and three of these are found in Southern Africa. It is
these three species that I want to update you on this evening.

In terms of total populations, the wattled crane is down to about two hundred and eighty (280)
individuals, the blue crane about (3) twenty-one thousand (21,000) and the crowned crane about
three thousand five hundred (3500). So none of them has what we might call healthy numbers.

So what are the main reasons for the decline in crane numbers in Southern Africa? Habitat
destruction comes top of the list. Cranes are generally found in (4) wetlands and these areas are
very much under siege in Southern Africa, where water is a very scarce resource. Another major
problem for cranes is poisoning by agricultural pesticides. These birds will eat anything from small
mammals and reptiles to (5) fallen grain. So are vulnerable in areas that have been sprayed, for
example, the growing use of electricity is evidence of development in Southern Africa, and cranes
are the frequent victims of collisions with the (6) power lines that now crisscross the landscape.
Small wonder then, the cranes have been in decline.

But things are changing in South Africa. Crane conservation has become one of the major thrusts
in endangered species conservation with the (7) Endangered Wildlife Trust, one of Southern
Africa's most effective environmental conservation organizations, acting as an umbrella body for
a number of hands-on conservation units. For the wattled crane, a unique population boosting
program has been introduced, called “isolation, rear and release”. Chicks are either bred in

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captivity or one of the two eggs normally laid in a wild clutch is removed. After artificial
incubation, the chicks are reared by crane mums. These are local women who (8/9) dress up as
cranes and are trained to (8/9) behave like cranes. When fully reared, the chicks are released into
the wild in preselected safe areas.

Modern technology is also being used with the blue crane. Some adult birds are now being fitted
with (10) miniature transmitters and through satellite tracking. The Earth’s station in France and
South Africa's network of airports is also involved. They are being followed around the country to
determine their movements. So from a situation at the beginning of this decade, when Southern
Africa's cranes looked as though they might not even make it into the next century, it now seems
that the cranes will be flying into the future with confidence.

Part 2: Music industry

11. D 16. D
12. A 17. H
13. G 18. F
14. F 19. A
15. C 20. C

Transcript - Part 2:
Speaker 1: (11) Yes, I choose the acts myself. People send me recordings of themselves and I
give them a listen and decide whether they'd go down well here or not. We have a good crowd
of regulars, and I can tell pretty well what they'll like and what they won't. I think the artists who
play here get a pretty good deal. Of course, (16) this industry is full of people who are on the
make, and everyone knows that artists get ripped off all the time, but I'm not like that. In fact,
I like to think I'm an exception to that. I try to be fair to everyone. Of course I have to be able to
keep the place going and make something for myself, but you don't have to be dodgy to do that.

Speaker 2: We get all kinds coming in here from people who've got some chance of making it to
absolute no-hopers. What I've noticed is that you get two kinds of people - the ones who are doing
it out of a passion for music and the ones who are doing it because of what they think they can get
out of it. Of course, I tend to prefer the former because (17) they're only really interested in
making good music, and I think that's how you should be. (12) And it makes my job more
interesting because we can discuss what sound they're trying to create, and I can help them
to achieve that. I do my best for the others, too, because after all, they're paying as well.

Speaker 3: Of course, there are all sorts of stories and legends about people who do what I do and
how they left the poor artist with no money and took it all themselves. In actual fact, I've never
met anyone who conforms to that stereotype. There are mostly people like me, who are in it
because they enjoy it and because they want the best for their artists. I think sometimes people

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HSHK Ôn thi vào 10 – Tiếng Anh

exaggerate our influence - sure, (13) we can make sure our people get good contracts and the
right amount of promotion, but in the end I think the ones who make it to the top would do so
anyway, regardless of who's looking after them. (18) You've either got that special something
or you haven't - and if you have one way or another, you'll make it.

Speaker 4: Yeah, we started it up years ago, and it's really grown and grown. All sorts of people
contribute to it and some of them have been doing it for years. Of course, (19) the public are very
fickle and things go in and out of fashion very quickly. Today's big thing is soon forgotten, until
people hear an old song on the radio and get nostalgic about it. But our fans are very loyal and
many of them have grown up with the band. It's almost like a big family, and when the band goes
on the road, (14) they often meet people who regularly write in. And they make suggestions
about things we can include in it, and I often act on those suggestions.

Speaker 5: Of course, I get to listen to all sorts of rubbish, although I always try to be fair. It
frequently astonishes me that (20) some people who really aren't any good at all make it, and
some fantastically talented people remain obscure. That's the way the business works - the right
manager and you're in the public eye whether you can play or sing or not. I try to do my bit for the
ones I think should make it - (15) I give them five stars when their new record comes out, and
I put in glowing comments about them. I know it has some effect - people come up to me and
say that, if they hadn't seen what I said about so-and-so, they'd never have heard of them.

PHONETICS
21. D
- Wretched /ˈretʃ.ɪd/
- Markedly /ˈmɑː.kɪd.li/
- Deservedly /dɪˈzɜː.vɪd.li/
- Unmatched /ʌnˈmætʃt/
22. A
- Basic /ˈbeɪ.sɪk/
- Cosmic /ˈkɒz.mɪk/
- Music /ˈmjuː.zɪk/
- Invisible /ɪnˈvɪz.ə.bəl/
23. A
- Infamous /ˈɪn.fə.məs/ ⇒ stress âm 1
- Invaluable /ɪnˈvæl.jə.bəl/ ⇒ stress âm 2
- Incredible /ɪnˈkred.ə.bəl/ ⇒ stress âm 2
- Infrequently /ɪnˈfriː.kwənt.li/ ⇒ stress âm 2
24. D
- Initiative /ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪv/ ⇒ stress âm 2
- Efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/ ⇒ stress âm 2

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HSHK Ôn thi vào 10 – Tiếng Anh

- Geography /dʒiˈɒɡ.rə.fi/ ⇒ stress âm 2

- Individual /ˌɪn.dɪˈvɪdʒ.u.əl/ ⇒ stress âm 3
25. C
- Narrow-minded /ˌnær.əʊˈmaɪn.dɪd/ ⇒ stress âm 3
- Cost-effective /ˌkɒst.ɪˈfek.tɪv/ ⇒ stress âm 3
- Hair-raising /ˈheəˌreɪ.zɪŋ/ ⇒ stress âm 1
- Well-endowed /ˌwel ɪnˈdaʊd/ ⇒ stress âm 3
Một số từ vựng khó phần Phonetics:
- Wretched (adj) /ˈretʃ.ɪd/ = unpleasant or of low quality / very ill or very unhappy
- Cosmic (adj) /ˈkɒz.mɪk/ = relating to the universe and the natural processes that happen in
it: thuộc về vũ trụ
- Narrow-minded (n) /ˌnær.əʊˈmaɪn.dɪd/ = not willing to accept ideas or ways of behaving
that are different from your own: bảo thủ
- Hair-raising (adj) /ˈheəˌreɪ.zɪŋ/ = very frightening: rợn tóc gáy
- Well-endowed (adj) /ˌwel ɪnˈdaʊd/ = having a lot of something, especially money or
possessions

VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

Part 1: Multiple Choice
26. C
- The second / third / Nth most = Số lượng nhiều thứ 2 / 3 / N… (lưu ý không dùng với first).
27. D
- Đây là cấu trúc rút gọn chủ ngữ ở dạng bị động. Dạng đầy đủ sẽ là “... when it is viewed
from the mountain top ...”
28. B
- Not the end of the world = not the worst thing that could happen: không phải là điều tồi
tệ nhất.
29. B
- Tailor-made (adj) /ˌteɪ.ləˈmeɪd/: specially made for a particular purpose: được làm riêng.
30. B
- Off the peg (of clothes): ready to wear, not made specially to fit one person: quần áo may
sẵn.
- Ở đây cụm từ “off the peg” được sử dụng với nghĩa bóng, chỉ hành động du lịch theo tour
có sẵn (mass tourism).
31. C
- Each and every: every single (used for emphasis): mỗi cái gì.
32. C
- On the wrong track: acting or progressing in a way that is likely to result in failure: đi sai
hướng, làm sai cách.
33. A

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- Out of the ordinary: unusual / different / strange / not ordinary: kỳ lạ.

34. C
- Cấu trúc Should have + past participle: nói về một sự việc đáng lẽ ra đã phải làm trong quá
khứ, nhưng lại không làm ⇒ sử dụng để khuyên bảo.
35. B
- Đây là một ví dụ của cấu trúc đảo ngữ với từ / cụm từ chỉ địa điểm.
36. C
- Đây là một ví dụ của cấu trúc giả định (subjunctive mood): It is important / crucial / vital /
necessary / etc. + that + (should) + V (nguyên thể).
37. A
- Make the grade: to perform well enough to succeed in something: đạt đến đủ trình độ.

Part 2: Trios
38. spot
- Have a soft spot for sb: to like sb a lot (thích, mến mộ ai đó)
- Put sb on the spot: to ask someone a question that is difficult or embarrassing to answer
at that time (hỏi một người câu khó trả lời hay làm họ thấy gượng gạo ngay tại chỗ)
39. sack
- Get the sack: get fired (bị sa thải)
- Hit the sack: go to bed in order to sleep
40. compound
- Compound là một từ gồm có nhiều nghĩa:
1) /ˈkɒm.paʊnd/ (n): An area surrounded by fences or walls that contains a group of buildings:
khoảng đất được rào kín
2) /kəmˈpaʊnd/ (v): To make a problem or difficult situation worse: làm trầm trọng thêm vấn
đề
3) /ˈkɒm.paʊnd/ (n): Something consisting of two or more different part: hỗn hợp
41. balance
- Strike a balance between A and B: accept parts of both things in order to satisfy some
of the demands of both sides, rather than all the demands of just one side (cân bằng giữa
2 bên)
- Bank balance: the amount of money in a bank account

Part 3: Phrasal Verbs + Idioms

42. pull out
- Pull out all the stops: make a very great effort to achieve something
43. driving…round
- Drive sb round the bend: to make someone very bored or very angry
44. went over

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- Go over sb’s head: speak to or ask permission from someone who has more authority than
the person who you would normally go to in that situation
45. put…in
- Put one’s foot in it: to say something by accident that embarrasses or upsets someone (nói
vạ miệng làm ai đó xấu hổ, phật lòng)
46. see through
- See through sb/sth: to realize sth is fake, or to realize sb is trying to deceive you
47. turn to
- turn to sb/sth: to ask sb/sth for help

Part 4: Word Formation

48. remarkable
49. presence
50. compelling
51. undertake
- Undertake (v) /ˌʌn.dəˈteɪk/: to make yourself responsible for something and start doing it:
làm công việc nào đó (thường là công việc kéo dài hoặc khó khăn)
52. various
53. consequence
54. initiative
- Initiative (n) /ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪv/: a new plan or process to achieve something or solve a problem:
sáng kiến
55. Intrusion

READING
Part 1: Guided Cloze
56. B
57. A
58. C
- Inevitably (adv) /ɪˈnev.ɪ.tə.bli/: in a way that cannot be avoided: không thể tránh khỏi, chắc
chắn xảy ra
59. D
60. C
61. D

Part 2: Open Cloze

62. what
63. Needless
- Needless to say = of course; very likely or obvious
64. so

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65. case
66. times
- At times = sometimes; on occasions

Part 3: City of Heat

67. G
- Phần mở đoạn ngay sau câu 67 có từ “Recapturing it”. Dựa vào nội dung chính có sẵn trong
bài đọc, ta có thể suy luận ra “it” ở đây phải là “heat”. Ngoài ra phương án G có nhắc tới
“that excess heat” do đó phải được đặt trước đoạn đầu tiên của bài, nói về thực trạng hiện
nay: bị nóng quá mức.
68. B
- Ở đầu đoạn B có phần “attractive proposition”, đây chính là việc “recapturing heat” đã
được nhắc đến ở đoạn ngay trước câu 68 khi tác giả đưa ra một loạt những ảnh hưởng tích
cực của nó.
69. D
- Đoạn nằm ở ngay sau câu 69 đang tiếp nối phần giới thiệu về hoạt động của một thứ gì đó.
Đoạn D diễn tả các hoạt động của “power plants” nên điền vào vị trí của câu 69 là hợp lý.
70. C
- Đoạn ngay sau câu 70 có phần “siphon energy from such temperatures”, trong đó sự xuất
hiện của cụm từ “such temperatures” đồng nghĩa với việc nó phải nói tới một điều gì đó
liên quan được nhắc ở chỗ trống số 70. Đoạn cần tìm phải là C, vì nó nói về việc “harness
waste heat”.
71. E
- Phần cuối đoạn ngay trước câu 71 nói về quá trình “refrigeration process” giúp “extract
heat from the ground” đoạn ngay sau câu 71 xuất hiện cụm từ “this system” và giải thích
từng bước về quá trình này, nên đoạn cần tìm ở câu 71 phải phân tích kỹ hơn về quá trình
“refrigeration process” này. Vì vậy ta cần chọn E.
72. F
- Cuối đoạn ngay trước câu 72 có “the 10oC soil”, đoạn F có liên kết với chi tiết này ở chỗ
“not what you might consider hot...” Ngoài ra, đoạn F cũng có nhắc tới một vài lợi ích của
hệ thống (system) mà đã được giới thiệu trước đó, tương tự như nội dung chính của đoạn
cuối bài đọc.

Part 4: CUTE buses

73. T
- It is becoming increasingly difficult to reconcile individuals' needs and expectations of
personal mobility with the preservation of the fabric of our cities and with the quality of
life of their inhabitants. (Paragraph A)
74. NG
75. T

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HSHK Ôn thi vào 10 – Tiếng Anh

- The buses, produced by Mercedes…, which supply fuel cells. Here, the hydrogen
molecules are split and electricity is produced… (Paragraph B)
76. N
- In cases such as these it may be possible to have a zero emission system,... However,
other cities such as Porto and London use natural gas or other non-renewable resources
to produce the hydrogen. (Paragraph C)
77. C
- In cases such as these it may be possible to have a zero emission system,... However, other
cities such as Porto and London use natural gas or other non-renewable resources to
produce the hydrogen.
78. F
- There is still some way to go before hydrogen buses will be replacing ordinary public
transport on a large scale - at present running costs are ten times higher - …
79. A
- … increasing levels of congestion mean that in some cities the average speed of traffic at
peak times is slower than it was in the day of the horse and cart. (thời còn dùng xe ngựa
kéo = the past)
80. D
- In London, however, in order to make the hydrogen available to other users, the
authorities decided against on-site production…

WRITING
Part 1: Sentence Transformation
81. has been discovered to exist on Mars.
- Đây là ví dụ của dạng đề Reported speech (lời dẫn gián tiếp).
82. I were you, I would spend more time improving my pronunciation.
- Đây là dạng bài Type 2 Conditional (câu điều kiện loại 2) quen thuộc, với cụm If I were
you… thường dùng cho lời khuyên.
83. hard as I might, I couldn’t finish the writing in one hour only.
- Try hard as I might: used for saying that someone is making a very great effort but still
cannot do something.
84. heavy was the snowfall that all the flights had to be cancelled.
- Đây là câu hỏi về inversion (đảo ngữ).
85. time he spent on practicing English/ he practiced English, the more his command of this
language improved/ the better he was at this language.
- Đây là cấu trúc double comparative (so sánh hai lần, dùng để nhấn mạnh).

Part 2: Sentence Transformation

86. is left to her own devices

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HSHK Ôn thi vào 10 – Tiếng Anh

- Leave sb to one’s own devices: to allow someone to make their own decisions about what
to do: để mặc ai đó
87. put in a good word for you with the manager
- Put in a good word for sb (with sb): Make a supportive remark or favorable
recommendation about sb to sb: khen ngợi / đề xuất ai
88. acts on impulse
- Do something on impulse: Do something because you suddenly decide to do so, without
planning: làm việc gì một cách bốc đồng
89. is an authority on
- An authority on st: be an expert on something
90. flies in the face of
- Fly in the face of: to completely oppose what seems sensible or normal: trái ngược với số
đông

Part 3: Essay:
Discuss the benefits of extracurricular activities to secondary school students.

1/ Phân tích đề bài:

- Key words: benefits, extracurricular activities, secondary school students
- Dạng essay: Supportive (Chỉ nói về các mặt có lợi của hoạt động ngoại khóa).
- Yêu cầu: Viết essay, trên dưới 250 từ, không mắc lỗi diễn đạt.
⇒ Chú ý: Từ “discuss” có thể gây nhầm lẫn sang dạng essay discussion (nói về cả lợi và hại)
nhưng ngay sau đó đề đã giới hạn thành “discuss the benefits”

2/ Gợi ý hướng giải:

- Brainstorm trước khi viết.
- Một số ý có thể triển khai trong bài:
+ Extracurricular activities provide socialization for students after school ⇒ Build
relationships with more same-aged friends, make memories during one’s youth ⇒
brighten students’ mood, live with more positivity.
+ Extracurricular activities are a source of entertainment ⇒ students can unwind
after school ⇒ balance between studies and relaxation ⇒ enhance physical and
mental health.
+ Extracurricular activities can help students follow their passion ⇒ Sometimes,
the school curriculum does not emphasize subjects like arts or music ⇒ Not enough
chances are given to gifted students in such field ⇒ Extracurricular will provide
them with environment to grow
+ Extracurricular activities equip students with essential life skills: socializing,
teamworking, problem-solving… which can be useful in highschool, university and
in the workplace ⇒ Life-long benefits.

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HSHK Ôn thi vào 10 – Tiếng Anh

Chú ý: Do độ dài giới hạn trong 250 từ và giới hạn thời gian làm bài, em nên chọn 2 ý mà bản
thân thấy dễ triển khai nhất và viết thật kỹ, tránh viết quá nhiều ý rời rạc và under-developed, như
vậy sẽ được điểm không cao.

TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO

Nguồn đề thi: Học với Otto Channel
(https://www.facebook.com/H%E1%BB%8Dc-v%E1%BB%9Bi-Otto-Channel-
111876560598537)
Nguồn từ điển, giải nghĩa:
- Cambridge Dictionary (https://dictionary.cambridge.org/)
- The Free Dictionary by Farlex (https://www.thefreedictionary.com/)
- Lexico (https://www.lexico.com/)
- Collins Dictionary (https://www.collinsdictionary.com/)
- Merriam-Webster (https://www.merriam-webster.com/)
- Oxford Learners’ Dictionaries (https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/)
- Engexam.info (https://engexam.info/)
- Tienganh123.com (https://www.tienganh123.com/)
- Dictionary.com (https://www.dictionary.com/)

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