Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale

In assessing self-esteem, the Rosenberg Scale is the most common and well-known used
instrument in psychology (2020) and research (Rosenberg, 1989; as cited by Mallet 2013)
because of its validity and reliability. It was developed by sociologist Dr. Morris Rosenberg in
the mids-1960’s (Miller, 2020). According to Ryan (2014), it consists of ten-item statements that
are related to the overall feelings of self-worth of an individual. The items are answerable by a
four-point scale ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. Furthermore, the Rosenberg
Self-esteem Scale (RSES) was designed to measure global self-esteem (Rosenberg, 1965; as
cited by McAuley, Mullen, and Gothe 2012) and to assess adolescent self-worth (2020).
Rosenberg and his fellow researchers (1995) as cited by Miller (2020) defined global self-esteem
as “the individual’s positive and negative attitude toward the self as a totality.” Moreover,
several scientists conducted a test about the model (RSES) and noticed that two components
were present in it. “They are self-confidence and self-deprecation. Together, these
counterbalance each other within the person” (Rosenberg, Schooler, Schoenbach & Rosenberg,
1995; as cited by Miller 2020).

1. (PDF) The factor structure and composite reliability of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale among
ex-prisoners | John Mallett - Academia.edu
2. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale + 9 More Questionnaires (positivepsychology.com)
3. (PDF) Evaluation of the factor structure of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale in older adults |
Sean Mullen - Academia.edu
4. Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale | Encyclopedia.com
5. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale | RehabMeasures Database (sralab.org)
6. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale - Exploring your mind

Self Esteem is everyone’s sense of dignity. Rosenberg created a 10-survey instrument in the
19th century to quantify it (Rosenberg, 1965). The 10 items mostly on scales are quite
comparable as well as some experts claim that it is almost or even just as beneficial to have
just single item rather than ten (Robins et al., 2001). In psychological science, the Rosenberg
self-esteem scale (RSES) has been the most widely used indicator of self-esteem (Blascovich
and Tomaka 1991; Demo 1985). Rosenberg established it as a predictor of global self-
esteem, someone else’s immediate view of becoming a deserving and valued individual
(Rosenberg, 1965). From this all, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale remains probably one of the
best tests (RSES; Rosenberg, 1965; as cited by de Lima and de Souza 2019). The authors
who propose a two-factor framework for the RSES claim that separate terms are beneficial
and body dissatisfaction, which also have provided various particularly profitable with other
logically theoretical frameworks (Supple et al., 2012; as cited by de Lima and de Souza
2019). In addition, to identical correlations with low self, authors often find distinctive
particularly profitable between high self and potentially quickly developing (Ang,
Neubronner, Oh, & Leong, 2006; Farruggia et al., 2004; Owends, 1993, 1994; as cited by
Supple, Su, Plunkett, Peterson, and Bush 2013). The idea that the RSES evaluates twice
similar but different facets of growth associated with self is a significant empirical inference
(Ang et al., 2006; Owens, 1993, 1994; as cited by Supple, Su, Plunkett, Peterson, and Bush
2013). Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES; Rosenberg, 1989) the personality test of self-
esteem has been the most commonly used and then was developed to determine self-esteem
to be a one framework (Dhingra, 2013; as cited by Nemcek, Kracek, and Perackova 2017). A
lot of researchers suggest that RSES is much more properly constructed also as two-factor
approach consisting of correlation between self-features (Bachman & O’Malley, 1986;
Carmines & Zeller, 1979; Dobson et al., 1979; Kaufmann et al., 1991; Owens, 1994 as cited
by Nemcek, Kracek, and Perackova 2017).

7. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) – PsyToolkit

8. Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale | SpringerLink
9. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: Method Effect and Gender Invariance (scielo.br)
10. (PDF) Factor Structure of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale – ResearchGate
11. (PDF) Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale analyses among elite and competitive athletes, recreational
athletes and inactive individuals (efsupit.ro)