Mervic Grace B.

Jatico
BSED-English, 1st year
ENG 104 – ACTIVITY

In teaching english language literacy, there are areas of focus or components such as;
phonology, orthography, morphology, semantics, syntax, discourse, and pragmatics. In
phonology, this focuses on the awareness of the speech sounds and sound system. This can help
students enhance their pronunciation of words and sounds, remembering names, and the ability
to segment or blend sounds in words that are spoken. In Orthography, this focuses on the
knowledge about letters, and the system of spelling. This helps the students in words that are
spelled irregularly by remembering them and when writing, they’ll be able to use illogical letters
and letter sequences. Morphology, focuses on the words, where there is a system of meaning
units that helps the students fix their confusion in leaving off the word endings, have knowledge
about suffix and prefix and its meaning. Semantics, focuses on the knowledge of relationships
and word meanings, this helps students to attain spoken vocabulary in a wide range, help fix
difficulty with antonyms, synonyms, and analogies. Syntax, focuses on the permissible word
order awareness and rules of the grammar system which helps the learners use the correct
pronouns or forms of verb when writing or speaking and speaking in incomplete and/ or short
sentences. Discourse, focuses on the ability to communicate and explain an idea by combining
phrases or sentences which helps the learners to identify details in text/ main ideas and enhance
the comprehension in listening during read-aloud. Last but not the least, pragmatics, this focuses
about language use and its social rules which helps the learners ask instead of demanding, ability
in taking turns during a conversation, and having awareness of correct volume of voice and/or
boundaries physically when conversing (Joan Sedita, 2020). We can strengthen these language
skills to the learners by encouraging them to engage in a conversation by giving prompts, asking
questions, etc. this will give learners the opportunity to practice their social skills and language
(Brookes Publishing, 2022). Introducing new key terms can help develop their language skills
especially before a lesson, new vocabulary words by utilizing pictures, background knowledge
assessing, these are some of the ways that can help teachers engage the learners in English
language with academic language (Tess Dussling, n.d.).
 Materials have a central role to play in language learning. They’re considered the

learning process and heart of teaching. Language learning materials are often thought to be

which are carefully planned and implemented will increase the quality of teaching and learning.

These will help the teachers in doing their jobs easier, and higher level of understanding in

learning that will lead the students. (Ocak, Ozcalisan, and Kuru, 2010). Learning is more fun and

accessible when materials are used. Furthermore, materials help students make the most of their

studying time and improve teaching quality. By the vital role of materials, their critical

significance in the teaching and learning process, should undoubtedly be given top priority when

implementing teaching and learning activities for the process of learning. (Garton and Graves,

2014). Every subject in the school curriculum requires the use of instructional materials. They let

children to interact with symbols, words, and in ways that ideas in improve their

listening, reading, problem-solving, viewing, speaking, thinking, writing, and using technology

and media skills (MDPI, 2018). Class room dynamics includes emotions, student behavior, and

imagination. It also includes teacher’s ways of presenting academic materials and student

interactions. It helps in creating a positive class room culture. By choosing the right learning

materials, curriculum design, using classroom management techniques effectively (TPT, n. d.).

Learning materials come in many sizes and shapes, they all, however, have the power to aid

learning. The goal and significance of teaching and learning materials is to keep lessons

engaging, learning simple, and allowing teachers to convey concepts clearly (Open Learn, 2017).

These technologies can never “unseat” the role of teachers because these will help them because,

materials make learning more practical, realistic, appealing, and interesting. Both the learners

and teachers are also enabled to effectively and actively participate in lesson sessions. Materials
give room for skill acquisition and development and knowledge of self-actualization and self-

confidence.

Based on the prior lessons, materials development can help and provide resources to

achieve the objectives because the teacher can't do the talking alone, although it's possible, but

it's very hard to attain without any help of materials to facilitate various activities in class. I agree

with the benefits of language materials. Since learning competency is what they should learn,

putting relevant contents in the learning material to follow the competency like activities and

lessons related to goals or objectives is essential. Teaching and learning through the use of

materials encourages language development and improves learners’ cognitive ability and this

will help them prepare for life beyond school. Materials are used to assist the learners and expose

them to gain english proficiency and the use of language by offering multiple ways to use while

maintaining the focus and interest of the learners.

References:
Joana Sedita, 2020. LEVELS OF LANGUAGE & LITERACY. from:
https://keystoliteracy.com/blog/levels-of-language-literacy/
Brookes Publishing, 2022. 14 Ways to Improve Your Students’ Oral Language. From:
https://blog.brookespublishing.com/11-ways-to-improve-your-students-oral-
language-skills/
Tess Dussling, n.d., Helping English Language Learners Develop Literacy Skills and
Succeed Academically, from:
https://milnepublishing.geneseo.edu/steps-to-success/chapter/8-helping-english-
language-learners-develop-literacy-skills-and-succeed-academically/
Garton, S. & Graves, K. (2014). International Perspectives on Materials in ELT. London:
Palgrave Macmillan.
 file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Downloads/
LEARNING_MATERIALS_THE_NUCLEUS_OF_LANGUAGE_TEACHIN.pd
f
MDPI, 2018. Utilization of Instruction Materials as Tools for Effective Academic
Performance of Students: Implications for Counselling from:
file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Downloads/proceedings-02-01395-v3%20(1).pdf
TPT, n.d., Classroom Dynamics, from:
http://www.progressiveteacher.in/classroom-dynamics-2/?fbclid=IwAR2lIZbH-
mF0c4yqotZUdb2esOCT4ga1HYpOAXfLMdzrLkT3BhnceO_IPj4
Open learning, 2017. Purpose of teaching and learning materials, from:
https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/mod/page/view.php?
id=168509#:~:text=Learning%20materials%20can%20significantly
%20increase,new%20skill%20gained%20in%20class.