FEBRUARY 13, 2023

CE 38 – Testing of Materials
LABORATORY REPORT
ACTIVITY NO. 1
Familiarization of Material Testing Apparatuses and Equipment

Submitted by:

Fiona Caith D. Penaso

BSCE-2C
Th 7:00 AM - 10:00 AM

Group 1C
Amonhay, Maria Katrina B.
Besangre, Althea Faye Q.
Mission, Francis Dave
Penaso, Fiona Caith D.
Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION 3

PROCEDURE 3-4

TEST RESULT 4-7

DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 8 - 11

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 11

APPENDIX 12

REFERENCES

DOCUMENTATION 13

DISTRIBUTION OF TASKS

Amonhay, Maria Katrina B. - Taking notes for the instructions of this laboratory activity and

assigned in the checklist of the materials and equipment. Also assigned in the introduction to

test results.

Besangre, Althea Faye Q. - Tasked with documentation and identification, also with the

powerpoint presentation.

Mission, Francis Dave - Assigned with the checklist, documentation and identification. Also

with the powerpoint presentation.

Penaso, Fiona Caith D. - Documenting and assigned in the discussion to recommendation

section.
 I. Introduction

Before a construction could stand, multiple planning and test procedures were
completed. Everything is observed, from the surface on which it rests to the rooftop.
The fundamental building parts of structures, such as concrete, aggregates, steel,
asphalt, and more, cannot be deemed perfect without enduring stringent
examinations utilizing the right testing equipment. Both on-site (field testing) and off-
site material testing are options (laboratory testing). These are carried out in order to
meet the building material standards, which serve as the technical foundation for
determining a product's acceptability and assessing its quality.

Construction can be completed more quickly and with greater technical

benefits thanks to the right standardization of structural designs and building
techniques made possible by the rational use of materials in construction engineering
(Zhang, 2011). Because of this, it is expected of civil engineers to be familiar with
various testing tools and equipment.

Through the definition of typical equipment components and testing

terminology, this exercise seeks to familiarize students of civil engineering with
testing laboratory equipment and apparatus.

II. Procedure

1. The group planned the sequence of activities to be carried out.

2. For formality, we prepared a site visitation letter addressed to three test
laboratories; Allied Material Testing Laboratories, DPWH (Malaybalay City),
and DPWH (Don Carlos), signed by the students that are scheduled to visit
the mentioned laboratories and our instructor.
3. With the aforementioned document on hand, the group visited Allied Material
Testing Laboratories and DPWH (Malaybalay City) in one trip, the former one
is a private laboratory and the latter is a government laboratory.
4. Students were accommodated by Engr….. With her employees in the Allied
Material Testing Laboratories. Unfortunately, we aren’t able to enter the
laboratory of DPWH (Malaybalay City) due to the unavailability of the
laboratory technician.
5. The group observed and gathered necessary data based on the lecture notes
(Table 1) including documentation.
6. Since the data is incomplete, the next laboratory was visited (DPWH, Don
Carlos) and was accommodated by Engr Ervin Oga Mahilum.
7. The group then again observed and gathered data, also kept documentation.
8. Finally, with the data acquired we are tasked to produce a laboratory report
individually, also to incorporate more information from the internet in the
report in order to assess our learnings from this activity.
III. Test Result

This section includes all the images from the Allied Material Testing Laboratory and
DPWH that were taken during the laboratory visits (Don Carlos). These are captioned
photographs, and the following section of this report will cover more details about these
particular testing material apparatuses and equipment.
Table 2. Testing Material Apparatuses and Equipment Images Captured from the
Visited Testing Laboratories

Testing Material Apparatus and Image

Equipment

● Gradation/Sieves
AASHTO T27-74
ASTM C136-76
● Slump Test Apparatus
AASHTO T119
ASTM C143

● Vicat needle Apparatus

AASHTO T 131-06
ASTM C191

● Gillmore needle Apparatus *unavailable

AASHTO T154
ASTM C266

● Los Angeles Abrasion Machine

AASHTO T96

● Moisture-density relations of soil

apparatus
AASHTO T99 and T180
● California bearing ratio (CBR)
Apparatus
AASHTO T193
ASTM D1883-21

● Field Density Test - Sand Cone

Method
AASHTO T191
ASTM D1556

● Marshall Stability
AASHTO T245

● Bitumen Extraction
AASHTO MT 307-04
● Flexural Strength Test Machine
(Center point Loading)
AASHTO T177
● Flexural Strength Test Machine
(Third point Loading)
AASHTO T97

● Compressive Strength Machine

AASHTO T22

● Pavement core drilling machine

AASHTO T24

● Universal Testing Machine

IV. Discussion of Results

When you start a project to construct a new structure or modify and improve an
existing structure, construction materials testing is crucial. You can use this kind of testing
service to evaluate the materials utilized for the project's quality, safety, effectiveness, and
durability. You can evaluate each material component with the aid of materials testing
engineering services, which also provide quality assurance [2]. The machinery and
equipment were presented and executed properly with the help from the professionals. We
were able to distinguish their importance in the field of construction.

The following table explains each material’s description to quality control:

Table 3. Testing Material Apparatuses and Equipment Description and Role in Quality
Control.

Testing Material Apparatus and Equipment Description and Its Specific Uses Ro

● Gradation/Sieves -to ascertain compliance with design, production -In other

AASHTO T27-74 control requirements, and verification criteria, the helps with
ASTM C136-76 sieve analysis establishes the gradation (the be crucia
distribution of aggregate particles, by size, inside a of the agg
particular sample). of the ston

● Slump Test Apparatus -utilized to determine the new concrete's fluidity -concrete s
AASHTO T119 and work-ability and, inferredly, the concrete mix's to ensure
ASTM C143 water to cement ratio. consistent
The slump
and faste
workable.

● Vicat needle Apparatus -It is used to calculate the consistency and start -the setting
AASHTO T 131-06 and final set times of mortar pastes and cements. in the qual
ASTM C191 This unit can be changed to test for the existence mortar, and
of a false set. medium wi

● Gillmore needle Apparatus -utilized in accordance with ASTM C266 and other -determine
AASHTO T154 standards to establish the start and final set times cement.
ASTM C266 of Portland cement, masonry cement, hydraulic
hydrated lime, and certain mortars.

● Los Angeles Abrasion Machine -when normal aggregate gradings are subjected to - unneede
AASHTO T96 impact and abrasion in a spinning steel drum with machinery
an abrasive charge of steel balls, it quantifies the already ac
amount of degradation that occurs.
The value the machine extracts is already a
precise value because it is a digitalized device.
AASHTO T 96 or ASTM C 131: Resistance to
Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by
Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine
is the designation for this material.

● Moisture-density relations of soil - evaluations of the association between soil - unneede

apparatus density and moisture content. You can assess the machinery
AASHTO T99 and T180 relative density and compaction of granular soils
 with our equipment. already ac

● California bearing ratio (CBR) Apparatus -used to conduct a penetration test on subgrade - unneeded
AASHTO T193 soil, roadway subbase, and subgrade. machinery
ASTM D1883-21 already ac

● Field Density Test - Sand Cone Method -It uses graded sand that is uniformly distributed to -this is to
AASHTO T191 fill a test hole. which is e
ASTM D1556 and subse
an emban
increase st

● Marshall Stability -an asphalt pavement design that identifies the -engineers
AASHTO T245 ideal amount of binder in asphalt concrete. asphalt mi
Beginning with compaction into molds using will opera
human or automated Marshall Compactors, and sufficient s
conditioning in a water bath at the desired deformatio
temperature, it is used to measure the load and damage.
flow rate of asphalt specimens.

● Bitumen Extraction -It is used to calculate the amount of bitumen in -engineers

AASHTO MT 307-04 asphaltic pavement using cold solvent extraction. project for
of bitumen
pavement

● Flexural Strength Test Machine (Center - the ability of a material to resist deformation - unneede
point Loading) under load is known as flexural strength, a machinery
AASHTO T177 mechanical parameter for brittle materials. It is already ac
● Flexural Strength Test Machine (Third often referred to as the rupture modulus or bend
point Loading) strength. The beam must fail under the center of
AASHTO T97 the loading due to center-point loading. The
weakest spot in the beam may or may not be here.
In third point loading, the middle third of the beam
is uniformly stressed, and as a result, the middle
third of the beam is where the beam collapses.

● Compressive Strength Machine - used to assess how a material will react to -ensures
AASHTO T22 compressive pressure loads. gauges the
cause it to
about the
which the s

● Pavement core drilling machine - created to cut 200 mm-diameter cores from hard - unneede
AASHTO T24 construction materials as concrete, asphalt, and machinery
comparable materials. The drill head/motor already ac
assembly is carried by a vertical support column in
the machine. The motor assembly includes a
powerful, 4-stroke petrol engine with 6.5 HP. The
drilling pressure may be closely controlled and
returned quickly thanks to a ball screw
mechanism. The machine has a water spraying
assembly mounted to it. The entire assembly is
delivered on a sturdy metal base frame with
 wheels that has leveling and fixing capabilities
while in use.

● Universal Testing Machine -used to apply tensile, compressive, or transverse -to evalua
stresses to a test specimen in order to determine evaluating
its mechanical properties (tension, compression, provides b
etc.). testing de
consistenc

V. Conclusion and Recommendation

We were taught back in CE 11 (introduction to civil engineering) that it is the job of a

civil engineer to ensure safety and obtain quality control in all of their projects. Making an
informed choice about whether to employ a particular material in the construction is made
easier with the aid of material testing. The top materials that go through testing while building
a structure are those that are listed above. The lifetime and durability of the built structure
depend on the results of these tests. Get in contact with us for thorough materials testing if
you are constructing something new or improving an old structure [2].The objectives stated
in the introduction were achieved, us, civil engineering students are now familiar with some
of the important testing laboratory equipment, and apparatus through defining the common
equipment parts and testing terminology, also with the help from the professionals from
DPWH and Allied.

VI. Appendix
VII. References

1 Zhang, H. (2011). Building materials in civil engineering. Retrieved February 12, 2023,from

https://books.google.com.ph/books?

hl=en&lr=&id=TZJwAgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=material+testing+for+civil+engineering

&ots=afrhyhaiJf&sig=CcyypxCRfVRG0eZl0M_aiCGNWPk&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=fal

se

2 GTS. The Importance of Construction Materials Testing.

https://gulftestinglab.com/importance-of-construction-materials-testing/#:~:text=Construction

%20Materials%20Testing%20is%20essential,materials%20used%20for%20the%20project.

VIII. Documentation

Group1C (Penaso at DPWH Don Carlos; Amonhay, Besangre, and Mission at Allied Material
Testing Laboratories; Group1C at MinEC lobby) *from left-hand side
BSCE2C (2C at Allied Material Testing Laboratories; 2C and 2CX at DPWH Don Carlos)
*from left-hand side