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Modern Physics: X-Rays

Author: AMIT RANJAN

Telegram : t.me/sophysics9911

Updated On: October 8, 2022

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Question 1

As compared to the photons comprising red light, the photons comprising X-rays have higher

a. wavelength

b. speed

c. mass

d. energy

Question 2

Which of the following statements are correct for an X-ray tube

a. on increasing potential difference between filament and target, photon flux of X rays increases

b. on increasing potential difference between filament and target , frequency of X-ray increases

c. on increasing filament current, cut off wavelength increases

d. on increasing filament current, intensity of X-rays decreases

Question 3

Generation of X-rays is

a. phenomenon of conversion of Kinetic energy into radiant energy

b. principle of conservation of momentum

c. phenomenon of conservation of mass into energy

d. principle of conservation of electric charge

Question 4

If the potential difference applied to the tube is doubled and the separation between the filament and
the target is also doubled, the cut off wavelength

a. will remain unchanged

b. will be doubled

c. will be halved

d. will become four times the original

Question 5

A potential difference of 20kV is applied across an X-ray tube, the minimum wavelength of X-rays gen-
erated is

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a. 0.26Å

b. 0.62Å

c. 0.16Å

d. 0.25Å

Question 6

Electrons with de-Broglie wavelength λ fall on the target in X-ray tube. The cut off wavelength of the
emitted X-rays is

2mcλ2
a. λo = h

2h
b. λo = mc

2m2 c2 λ3
c. λo = h2

d. λo = λ

Question 7

In the following electronic transitions in a hydrogen atom, which transition emits the minimum wavelength

a. n=2 to n=1 level

b. n=3 to n=2 level

c. n=4 to n=3 level

d. n=5 to n=4 level

Question 8

X-rays are produced in an X-ray tube operating at a give accelerating voltage . The wavelength of the
continuous X-rays has values from

a. 0 to ∞

b. λmin to ∞ where λmin > 0

c. 0 to λmax where λmax < ∞

d. λmin to λmax where 0 < λmin < λmax < ∞

Question 9

Given that for an atom with nuclear charge Z1 the X-ray frequency for transition between two low ly-
ing states is ν1 . According to Moseley’s law, what is the corresponding frequency ν2 for an atom with
nuclear charge Z2 approximately equal to (ignoring shielding effect)
Z2
a. ν2 = ν1 Z1

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b. ν2 = ν1 Z
Z2
1

Z2
c. ν2 = ν1 Z22
1

Z2
d. ν2 = ν1 Z12
2

Question 10

Which one is the single characteristic of the target element which occurs in Moseley’s law for the frequencies
of emitted X-rays

a. density

b. atomic weight

c. atomic number

d. spacing between the atomic planes

Question 11

Kα wavelength emitted by an atom of atomic number Z1 = 11 is λ. For atomic no Z2 = ........ for an

atom that emits Kα radiation with wavelength 4λ

Question 12

The shortest wavelength of X-rays emitted from an X-ray tube depends on

a. the current in the tube

b. the voltage applied to the tube

c. the nature of the gas in tube

d. the atomic number of the target material

Question 13

The potential difference applied on an X-ray tube is increased. As a result , in the emitted radiation

a. the intensity increases

b. the minimum wavelength increases

c. the intensity remains unchanged

d. the minimum wavelength decreases

Question 14
√
ν = a(Z − b) then

a. both a and b are independent of the material

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b. only a depends on material

c. only b depends on material

d. both of a and b depend on the material

Question 15

The atomic number of a target is Z and the frequency of Kα is ν. If we take target of atomic number
2Z then the frequency of Kα line will be about (assuming that Z¿¿1)

a. 4ν

b. 2ν

c. ν

d. ν/4

Question 16

To tube hard X-rays in coolidge tube we should increase

a. current in filament

b. potential difference across the filament

c. potential difference across cathode and anode

d. none of these

Question 17

X-ray from a tube with a target A of atomic no Z shows strong K lines for target A and weak K lines
for impurities . The wavelength of Kα lines is λz for target A and λ! and λ2 for two impurities
λz λz
λ1 = 4 and λ2 = 1/4. Screening constant of Kα lines to be unity. Select the correct statement(s)

a. the atomic number of first impurity is 2z-1

b. the atomic number of first impurity is 2z+1

z+1
c. the atomic number of second impurity is 2

d. the atomic number of second impurity is z/2 + 1

Question 18

In an X-ray the voltage applied is 20kV . The energy required to remove an electron from L shell is 19.9KeV
. In the x-rays emitted by the tube

a. minimum wavelength will be 61.1 pm

b. energy of the characteristic x-rays will be equal to or less than 19.9KeV

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c. Lα x-ray may be emitted

d. Lβ X-ray will have energy 19.9KeV

Question 19

The potential difference across Coolidge tube is 20kv and 10mA current flows through the voltage sup-
ply . Only 0.5% of the energy carried by electrons striking the target is converted into X-ray. Then the
power carried by X-ray beam in watts

Question 20

An X-ray tube operates at 30kV . The shortest wavelength of the emitted X-rays (in nm)

a. 0.04132

b. 0.4132

c. 4.132

d. 41.32

Question 21

Electrons bombarding the anode of Coolidge tube produce X-rays of wavelength 0.1nm . Find the en-
ergy of each electron at the moment of impact

Question 22

An X-ray tube is operated at a constant potential difference and it is required to generate X-rays of wave-
length not less than 0.2nm. The potential difference is

a. 24.8V

b. 12.4V

c. 6.2V

d. 3.1V

Question 23

In a X-ray tube . the potential difference used to accelerate the electrons in increased from 12.4kV to
24.8kV. As a result the difference between λkα and λmin increases three times. The wavelength of Kα line is

a. 0.1nm

b. 0.125nm

c. 0.15nm

d. none of these

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Question 24

If λkα , λKβ , λLα are the wavelengths respectively then

λkα λLα
a. λk β = λkα +λLα

λkα λkβ
b. λk β = λkα +λkβ

λkα λkβ
c. λk β = λkβ +λkα

d. none

Question 25

The intensity of X-rays absorbed is Ia and initial intensity Io . Then Ia is

a. Ia = Io (1 − exp(−µx))

b. Ia = µIo x

c. Ia = Io exp(−µx)

d. Ia = Io (1 − exp(µx))

Question 26

Monochromatic X-rays(0.1nm) pass through a thin film of gold of thickness 3mm, its intensity reduces
to half then its coefficient of absorption :

a. 0.231mm−1

b. 0.231cm−1

c. 0.33mm−1

d. 0.66mm−1

Question 27

Draw the graph between frequency (along y axis) and atomic number Z (along x axis)

Question 28

If the frequency of Kα line of the element having Z=64 is ν1 , and the frequency of Kα line of the ele-
ment having Z=80 is ν2 , then the ratio of their frequencies will be about (Z >> 1)
q
2
a. 5

b. √2
5

c. 16/25

d. 2/5

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Question 29

The atomic number of Z of an element whose Kα , wavelength is λ is 11. The atomic number of an el-
ement whose Kα wavelength is 4λ is equal to

a. 6

b. 11

c. 44

d. 4

Question 30

The ratio of wavelength of Kalpha lines of MO(z=42) and Cu(Z = 29) will be

a. 0.466

b. 2.144

c. 0.683

d. 1.464

Question 31

The atomic number Z of the element which has Kα X-ray line of wavelength 0.180nm is

a. 27

b. 26

c. 52

d. 54

Question 32

The relation between the atomic number Z and frequency ν is given by

a. ν ∝ Z − b

b. ν ∝ Z

c. ν ∝ (Z − b)3

d. ν ∝ (Z − b)2

Question 33

X-ray spectrum of a Cobalt target (Z=27) contains strong Kα line of wavelength 0.1785nm and a weak
line having wavelength of 0.1537nm due to impurities . The atomic weight of impurity element is

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a. 29

b. 24

c. 23

d. 30

Question 34

Find the shortest wavelength present in the radiation from an X-ray machine whose accelerating poten-
tial is 50000V

Question 35

Electrons are accelerated in television tubes through potential differences of about 10kV . Find the highest
frequency of the electromagnetic waves emitted when these electrons strike the screen of the tube. What
kind of waves are these

Question 36

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