Tos and Test Construction

TEST CONSTRUCTION
Developing Table of Specification (TOS)

And Writing Test Items
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
ENGLISH TESTING COMMITTEE
BASIS
1
PROCEDURE
Assignment and TOS Writing Evaluation and

Planning Development Test items Revision
2
ASSIGNMENT AND PLANNING
Consider your grade level MELCS

Prioritize unpacked competencies
Identify the TOS and test developers
Set your team’s schedule
3
TOS DEVELOPMENT
TOS serves as the blueprint of the test questionnaire.
Cover and focus on important competencies

Ensure fair allocation and proportion of items
Assess across cognitive levels
4
TOS DEVELOPMENT
Basic Components
MELCS (Unpacked Competencies)
Number of Days Spent
Number of items and Item Placement
Cognitive Processes
Type of Test
5
TOS DEVELOPMENT
Template
6
TOS DEVELOPMENT
7
TOS DEVELOPMENT
The learner can recall information and retrieve relevant knowledge from
REMEMBERING long-term memory: identify, retrieve, recognize, duplicate, list, memorize,
repeat, and reproduce
8
TOS DEVELOPMENT
The learner can construct meaning from oral, written, and graphic
UNDERSTANDING messages: interpret, exemplify, classify, summarize, infer, compare,
explain, paraphrase, and discuss.
9
TOS DEVELOPMENT
The learner can use information to undertake a procedure in familiar
APPLYING situations or in a new way: execute, implement, demonstrate, dramatize,
interpret, solve, use, illustrate, convert, and discover.
10
TOS DEVELOPMENT
The learner can distinguish between parts and determine how they relate
ANALYZING to one another, and to the overall structure and purpose: differentiate,
distinguish, compare, contrast, organize, outline, attribute, and
deconstruct.
11
TOS DEVELOPMENT
The learner can make judgments and justify decisions: coordinate,
EVALUATING measure, detect, defend, judge, argue, debate, critique, appraise, and
evaluate.
12
TOS DEVELOPMENT
The learner can put elements together to form a functional whole, and
CREATING create a new product or point of view: generate, hypothesize, plan,
design, develop, produce, construct, formulate, assemble, design, and
devise.
13
LET’S PRACTICE
14
LET’S PRACTICE
15
LET’S PRACTICE
16
LET’S PRACTICE
17
LET’S PRACTICE
18
WRITING TEST ITEMS
Multiple Choice Question (MCQ)
Two-column format
Continuous numbering
Printed on Folio size paper
Arial font style, 12 point
1-inch side margins
19
WRITING TEST ITEMS
Stem: A question, a set of directions, or a
statement with an embedded blank.
Options/Alternatives: Choices given for the item.
Key: Correct choice for the item.
Distractors: Incorrect choices for the item.
20
WRITING TEST ITEMS
Stem
Key
Choices
Distractors
21
WRITING TEST ITEMS
General Rules
Should be verbally uncomplicated as possible.
There should only be one correct response.
22
WRITING TEST ITEMS
General Rules
The stem must always precede the alternatives.
23
WRITING TEST ITEMS
General Rules
Keep each item independent from other items.
Avoid wording directly from a reading passage.
24
WRITING TEST ITEMS
General Rules
Use direct question rather than omission. If an
omission occurs in the stem, it should appear near
the end of the stem and not at the beginning.
25
WRITING TEST ITEMS
General Rules
All alternative should be homogeneous in content
and consistent in grammatical structure
.
26
WRITING TEST ITEMS
General Rules
Do not use any pattern of correct responses
Use a logical sequence for alternatives
27
WRITING TEST ITEMS
General Rules
Boldface should be used to emphasize key words
especially negatively stated items
28
LET’S PRACTICE
Undesirable
1. Which of the following sentences does not show
permission?
A. You can enter the room.
B. You should speak confidently
C. You could join our team.
D. You may use your calculator.
29
LET’S PRACTICE
Desirable
1. Which of the following sentences DOES NOT

show permission?
A. You can enter the room.
B. You should speak confidently.
C. You could join our team.
D. You may use your calculator.
30
LET’S PRACTICE
Undesirable
2. Cyrill told me that he will call you ___________.
A. since he gets home.
B. when he gets home.
C. before he gets home.
D. because he gets home.
31
LET’S PRACTICE
Desirable
2. Complete the sentence below with the correct conjunction.
Cyrill told me that he will call you _____ he gets home.
A. since C. although
B. when D. because
32
EVALUATION AND REVISION
Consolidation
Submission
Validation
Revision
Submission
33
Reference
Department of Education. (2015). Policy Guidelines on Classroom Assessment for the K to 12 Basic
Education Program. (DepEd Order 8). Retrieved February 8, 2023, from https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-
content/uploads/2022/07/DO_s2022_034.pdf
33
WORKSHOP
Developing Table of Specification (TOS)

Tos and Test Construction

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TEST CONSTRUCTION

Developing Table of Specification (TOS)

Assignment and TOS Writing Evaluation and

Consider your grade level MELCS

TOS serves as the blueprint of the test questionnaire.

Cover and focus on important competencies

Avoid wording directly from a reading passage.

1. Which of the following sentences DOES NOT

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