SEMILLANO MARVIN D.

Med- Math- Kabankalan Center

Part A. Read each of the following scenarios below. Identify what statistical test
is to be used and justify. Explain briefly.

1. A financial analyst wants to compare the hourly pay rates of workers in five big
cities. He has randomly chosen 136 workers in each city and recorded their hourly
rates. The data is assumed to be normally distributed.

ONE-WAY ANOVA

“Hourly pay rates” is one dependent variable which measured in a continuous

level with one independent variable which is the “place of employment”
categorized into “five big cities” which are independent in observations with no
outliers and assumed to be normally distributed.

2. A Physical Education teacher is interested to find out if a certain set of exercises

has an effect on her 50 students in terms of increasing their endurance. The
subjects’ endurance was measured prior to and after 6 weeks of the intervention.

PAIRED SAMPLES T-TEST

There are no outliers in the two related groups considering as well an

approximately normally distributed groups and these satisfy the requirements of
a Paired- Samples T-Test. There is one dependent variable which is the
“endurance” measured in a continuous level with one independent variable, the
students which are related groups since they will serve as the participants prior
to and after 6 weeks of the intervention.

Part B. FOR EACH OF THE PROBLEMS BELOW, INDICATE THE FOLLOWING:

A) STATEMENT OF THE HYPOTHESES
B) VARIABLES
C) STATISTICAL TEST TO BE USED
D) CONCLUSION

1. A speech therapist conducted a 5-month program on verbal development of

participants. The participant’s verbal ability was determined before the conduct of
the program and they were given the same verbal test after 5 months. Is there a
significant difference in the verbal ability test scores before and after the 5-month
program?

Paired Samples Statistics

Mean N Std. Std. Error
Deviation Mean
Pair Verbal Ability 526.36 44 131.59294 19.83838
1 (Before) 36
Verbal Ability 594.29 44 66.22217 9.98337
(After) 55

Paired Samples Correlations

N Correlation Sig.
Pair 1 Verbal Ability (Before) &
Verbal Ability (After) 44 .638 .000
 Paired Samples Test
Sig. (2-
Paired tailed)
Differences
95% Confidence
Std. Interval of the
Std. t d
Mean Error Difference
Deviati f
on Mea Lower Upper
n
Pair Verbal Ability
1 (Before) - 102.91 15.514 - - - 43 .00
67.931 053 35 99.219 36.644 4.37 0
- Verbal Ability
(After) 82 48 16 9

A) STATEMENT OF THE HYPOTHESES

Null Hypothesis (Ho):
There is no significant difference in the verbal ability test
scores before and after the 5-month program.

Alternative Hypothesis (HA):

There is a significant difference in the verbal ability test scores
before and after the 5-month program.

B) VARIABLES
Dependent Variable: Verbal Ability test scores
Independent Variable: Verbal Ability before and after the 5 month
program

C) STATISTICAL TEST TO BE USED

Dependent Samples T-Test / Paired-Samples T-Test

D) CONCLUSION
A paired-samples t-test was used to determine whether there was a
statistically significant mean difference between the verbal ability test
scores of the participants before and after the 5-month program. As
shown, participants verbal ability test score after the 5-month program
(594.30 ± 66.22) is relatively higher than their verbal ability score before the
program (526.37 ± 131.59), a statistically significant increase of 67.932
(95%CI, 36.644 to 99.219), t(43)=4.379, p<.0005, d=0.66.
2. A group of individuals were grouped according to their job categories: sales,
education and health care. Their previous experience (in months) was compared.
Is there a significant difference in the mean number of months of previous
experience between job categories? Level of significance at .05.

A) STATEMENT OF THE HYPOTHESES

Null Hypothesis (Ho):
There is no significant difference in the mean number of
months of previous experience between job categories.

Alternative Hypothesis (HA):

 There is a significant difference in the mean number of
months of previous experience between job categories.

B) VARIABLES
Dependent Variable: Number of months of previous experience
Independent Variable: Job Categories (Sales, Education, Health Care)

C) STATISTICAL TEST TO BE USED

One-Way ANOVA

D) CONCLUSION
One way ANOVA shows that there is a significant difference in the
mean number of months of previous experience between job categories:
sales (87.66 ± 93.79), education (298.11 ± 101.43), and health care (101.26 ±
86.76), F(2, 471) = 64.299, p=.000.
Furthermore, Tukey post hoc analysis revealed that the increase from
education and sales was statistically significant (p=.000), as well as the
increase from education and health care (p=.000) were statistically
significant. No other group differences were observed.