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Building Materials

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1. 140 mm Actualy thickness of a 150mm CMU (in mm)

2. 12.5 Number of CMU blocks per square meter

3. Roderang Bakal (steel trowel) Used to finish a smooth plastered surface

4. Roderang Kahoy (wooden Used to finish a rough plastered surface


trowel)

5. Tansi (nylon) used to represent column gridlines during


stakeout

6. 4 gallons 1 tin of paint =

7. #120 Which has smoother grit, #100 or #120?

8. 40 Bag of cement in kg

9. 1 Bag of cement in cu ft

10. arbitrary Common type of concete proportioning

11. Anodized Mill finish of aluminum sections

12. 3/8" Min diameter of rebar used for structural


works

13. 200 mm Minimum splice length

14. 3 Minimum number of longitudinal bars in a


wall footing

15. Glazing putty Used to fix a glass on a steel window sash

16. Diamond cutter Used to cut glass

17. 12mm Thickness of solid surface

18. 1/8" Minimum thickness of plywood

19. 3/4" Max thickness of plyboard


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20. Square feet Commercial unit of glass

21. meter BOQ unit of glass

22. Architect Prepares the BOQ

23. Contractor Prepares the BOM

24. 4x8 Dimension of MDF by feet

25. 4x8 Dimension of plywood by feet

26. Spray gun Paint tool for stucco finish

27. 4" Minimum length of baby roller

28. Mortar gun Used to apply texture paint

29. Bolada Filipino term for building projections

30. Tisa Filipino term for clay tile roofing

31. Ton or kg Commercial unit of quantity of structural


steel

32. 30 Min length of structural steel in feet

33. 4x8 Dimension of welded wjre fabric jn feet

34. 1/8 Min diameter of welded wire mesh

35. Chip door Aka hidden/secret door

36. 32 Min width if pre-painted GI corrugated roof-


ing sheet (in inches)

37. 8 ft Max length if itdinary GI corrugated roofing

38. 2-3 cubic meter Capacity of elf truck

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39. Rebocada Primer coat of plastering work

40. 6 1/4" = ___ mm

41. 16 5/8"= ___mm

42. 10 3/8"= ___mm

43. 22 7/8"= ___mm

44. 4.5 3/16" = ___mm

45. Slump Test Determines the consistency of concrete.

46. 1:3 Standard mix proportion of plaster

47. 2400 kg Weight of concrete per cubic meter

48. Putty Applied last before painting

49. Clear top coat Applied after finish coat

50. QDE Paint commonly used for metal gates

51. To avoid buckling Purpose of rebars on a masonry wall

52. Wide varieties of steel Produced on continuous process of cold


rolled and hot rolled steel

53. 6-7 cubic feet Capacity of 1 bagger concrete mixer

54. 20 ft Length of stainless steel tubing

55. Tempered Strengthened glass

56. 2 Material test results should be kept for how


many years

57. Owner Approves material specs

58. Specs
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Conflict between plans and specs, which
will govern?

59. Long span sheets Has a 10 year warranty

60. Roof deck waterproofing Has a 5 year warranty

61. Acrylic Most common plastic for advertising

62. Melamine Which is not a thermoplastic

63. Long time for paint to adhere What happens when enamel is applied to
metals

64. Fluid applied Not a type of waterproofing

65. Gypsum Not a substitute for plastic laminates

66. Hardboard Which has no melamine form

67. 1/8 Min thickness of float glass

68. CHB Appropriate material for a vacation house


situated in a remote area

69. 1.5mm Thickness of Ga. 16

70. 0.45mm Thickness of Ga. 26 roofing sheet

71. 6x12 Dimension of standard concrete test cylin-


der

72. 4x8 Dimension of sub-standard concrete test


cylinder

73. 220 Estimated number id 6" CHB for a 5 x 3.5


M wall

74. Plastering of wall, painting of Has the same area for application
wall

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75. Plasolux Highest cost per gallon

76. Corrugated GI sheet Cheapest per piece

77. Romblon Cheapest marble

78. Cull Term for unacceptable building material

79. White Color code of PS 230 reinforcing bar

80. 300 Minimum waterproofing return for roof


decks with parapet

81. Plastic Limit Water content at which soil begins to crum-


ble

82. Fill materials soil, crushed stone, and sand used


to raise an existing grade, or as a
man-made-deposit; generally used under
footings, pavers, or concrete slabs on grade

83. 3 Number of seconds per immersion point of


the needle vibrator

84. Boulder AASHTO classification for rocks >300mm

85. Cobble AASHTO classification for rocks


76mm-300mm

86. Gravel AASHTO classification for rocks


4.75mm-75mm

87. Plasticity Index a range of moisture in which a soil remains


in a plastic state while passing from a semi-
solid state to a liquid state

88. Fill materials Used to raise an existing grade

89. Fill materials "Escombro"

90. Borrow Fill Banda y banda or escombro


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91. Riprap Constructed layer of stone to prevent ero-


sion

92. Gabion A wire basket lled with rocks or stones


used for stabilising slopes and protecting
the base of cliffs in areas of coastal erosion.

93. 30 Apply termiticide _______ mins before con-


crete pouring

94. Hexaflumuron Insect growth regulator used in the bait sys-


tem of termite-proofing; by Sentricon

95. Asphaltic concrete Concrete with asphalt as binding element

96. Vitomol Cold mix asphaltic concrete

97. Asphalt macadam Compacted gravel with asphalt as top layer


and binder

98. Asphalt overlay For contour correcting of existing pavement

99. Hot Mix Asphalt More durable kind of asphalt

100. Quick lime Slaked/hydrated lime

101. Type 1 Portland Cement Normal; for general construction

102. Type 2 Portland Cement Moderate; resistant to sulfate action; for


large piers and retaining walls

103. Type 3 Portland Cement High early strength; fast curing; for early
removal of formworks or cold-weather con-
struction

104. Type 4 Portland Cement Low heat, surface resisting, for massive
structures like dams

105. Type 5 Portland Cement Heavy sulfate resistance

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106. White/stainless cement Cement free of iron or impurities

107. Pozzolanic cement Cement with volcanic ash, slag cement

108. inversely proportional Relationship of strength with water-cement


ratio

109. Arbitrary Most common concrete proportioning

110. Class AA concrete propor- 1:1.5:3 for underwater or retaining walls


tioning

111. Class A concrete proportion- 1:2:4 for slabs, beams, columns, walls and
ing stairs

112. Class B concrete proportion- 1:2.5:5 for footings, slabs on fill and walls
ing thicker than 4"

113. Class C concrete proportion- 1:3:6 for plantboxes or non-critical


ing

114. Class D concrete proportion- 1:3.5:7 for mass concrete works


ing

115. 1 bag of cement = 1 cubic foot

116. 30 Delivery of concrete from mixer to forms


should not exceed ___ mins.

117. Drum mixer Most common type of concrete mixer

118. Time, temperature, moisture 3 main factors of concrete curing

119. Admixtures Materials that are added to a concrete mix


to change certain properties of the concrete
such as retarding setting time, reducing wa-
ter requirements, or making the concrete
easier to work with.

120. Brand of concrete hardener Florhard

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121. Non-staining curing paper Used to cure floor hardener

122. Lacquer putty Fastest drying putty

123. Gypsum putty Slowest drying putty

124. Lacquer putty and body filler Putty with strongest odor
(Polituff)

125. Gypsum and patching com- Putty with least irritating odor
pound

126. Automotive acrylic Paint with strongest odor

127. Flat/Gloss Latex Paint with least odor

128. Pigment Solid component of paint

129. Vehicle Liquid component of paint

130. Fulatite Brand of plastic wood, wood filler

131. Stripsol Brand of paint stripper

132. Enamel Type of paint that can't be sprayed

133. Primer "Pondo"

134. Concrete lazonizer Applied before painting to balance alkalinity

135. Latex Cheapest paint option for repainting of ceil-


ing

136. Gypsum putty Putty for drywall

137. Acrytex Textured paint from Boysen

138. Textured paint Kind of paint that is good for exterior and for
hiding imperfections

139. Vinegar or charcoal Used to minimize odor of epoxy flooring


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140. New construction "Basal"

141. Drawing index Composed of the drawing title and scale

142. Pull strings "Batak ng tansi"

143. Plumb "Hulog"

144. Superstructure something built on top of something else;


the part of the building that was built on top
of the foundation or base

145. Foundation bed The natural material on which the construc-


tion rests

146. Grade beam Part of a foundation system which supports


the exterior walls of a superstructure and
bears directly on the column footing

147. Footing tie beam a structure used to distribute horizontal


forces to other pile caps or footings

148. Foundation Walls The part of the structure, typically below


grade, upon which all other construction is
built.

149. Anywhere Where to bore for soil boring tests

150. Triangle within footprint Usual positioning of bores for soil boring
test

151. Allowable bearing capacity maximum unit pressure a foundation is per-


mitted to impose vertically or laterally on the
soil mass

152. Shearing strength Ability to resist displacement when an ex-


ternal force is applied

153. Clay and silt Cohesive soils

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154. Frictional soils Sand and gravel

155. Water table Level beneath which has groundwatwr

156. Pit with slanted sides How to dig cohesionless soils

157. Standard Penetration Test measure of density of granular soils and the
consistency of some clays

158. 3 Minimum points for penetration test

159. Geotechnical Engineer Performs standard penetration tests and


signs soil test reports

160. Excavating Digging earth to make space for foundation

161. Rear or area farthest from a Best place to excavate first


street

162. Soil Stabilization Process of compacting the soil on which the


structure rests on

163. Civil code Contains protection of adjoining structures

164. PE sheet Used to cover and retain soil on excavation


sides

165. Diaphragm mode Shoring used as foundation

166. Shotcrete The placing of concrete using pneumatic


pressure of dry mix concrete or mortars

167. Embodied energy The total energy (or carbon footprint) re-
quired to produce a product.

168. 40 db Splicing for footing bars

169. Anywhere Construction joint for footing

170. 40 mm Thickness of concrete spacer

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171. Hot air welding How to connect vinyl sheets

172. Intensive and extensive 2 kinds of green roofs

173. Don't increase dead load What shouldn't happen when you convert a
roofdeck to a green roof?

174. Well points Vertical pipes inserted to the ground with


mesh

175. Anywhere exposed to sun Where to put turf blocks

176. 1/3 top layer Where to put temp bars for concrete SOG
for road and pavements

177. Seismic joint What joint to employ on the bridgeway to an


expansion building

178. Old to new Concrete pouring sequence of bridge con-


necting an old building to a new one

179. Control Joint A groove in a concrete structure made to


predetermine the location of cracks.

180. Temperature Reason for hairline cracks

181. Sub base gave in Reason for broken concrete

182. Keyed joint Mortar joint between brick courses

183. 8" Length of dowel joint

184. Ridge Topmost part of roof, usually where two


roofs converge

185. Roof Beam Supports a roof

186. Truss or rafter Supports the roofing material

187. Purlins For mounting the roofing material

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188. Soffit/invert Area under the eave.

189. Monitor Roof above another roof for ventilation

190. Gas station Project most suitable for butterfly roof

191. Bird's mouth Joint used to connect a rafter and a roof


beam

192. Hold down plate Steel used to connect a rafter and a roof
beam

193. 10 Number of corrugations per corrugated


roofing sheet

194. 0.45 mm Gauge 26 roofing

195. 0.61 mm Gauge 24 roofing

196. 0.75 mm Gauge 22 roofing

197. 0.90 mm Gauge 20 roofing

198. 1.2 mm Gauge 18 roofing

199. 1.5 mm Gauge 16 roofing

200. Tekscrew a screw used to fasten metal roofing sheets


to the purlins

201. 0.60 m Purlin spacing

202. Purlin Where the gutter is attached

203. Fascia Covers roof framing/structure

204. Bottom to top Direction of roofing sheet installation

205. Reglet devices that form slots in concrete for the


insertion of flashing.

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206. Clay tile (Tegola) Oven baked tile roofing

207. 0.30 m Purlin distance for tile roofing

208. Asinto Steel Manufacturer of Coloroof

209. Discolouration Disadvantage of fiberglass

210. Less lapping Advantage of long span rib type roofing

211. 10 years Warranty of long span rib type roofing

212. Valley Intersection of two roofs

213. Gusset plate Plate used for steel to steel truss connec-
tions

214. Fish plate Plate used for wood to steel truss connec-
tions

215. Scab Plate used for wood to wood truss connec-


tions

216. King Post Truss A triangular frame formed by two inclined


members joined at their apex and a horizon-
tal tie beam that connects their lower ends;
a vertical central strut extends from apex to
tie beam

217. Queen Post Truss A roof truss having two vertical posts be-
tween the rafters and the tie beam.

218. Howe Truss A truss having upper and lower horizontal


members, between which are vertical and
diagonal members; the vertical members
of the web take tension, and the diagonal
members are under compression.

219. Pratt Truss A type of truss with parallel chords, all ver-
tical members in compression, and all di-

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agonal members in tension. The diagonals
slant toward the center

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1/26/23, 11:37 PM Building Materials Part 2: Wood Flashcards | Quizlet

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Building Materials Part 2: Wood Study

Building Materials Part 2: Wood


Leave the first rating

Terms in this set (537)

Kamagong, Tanguile, and Yakal fall under which


hardwood
classification of wood?

Ebony Dense black/brown hardwood species.

Kamagong Local wood, also known as Philippine Ebony

Straight-grained, reddish-brown timber of three


Mahogany
tropical hardwood species.

Tanguile Local wood, also known as Philippine Mahogany

Two (2) local wood materials which fall under


Mahogany
Tanguile, Yakal
answer format:
T******, Y***
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True / False:

false The terms "hardwood" and "softwood" directly


relates to the actual physical hardness or softness of
the wood.

Building Materials Part 2: Wood


True / False:

true The terms "hardwood" and "softwood" are often


misleading because they have no direct relation to
the actual physical harness or softness of the wood.

Wood classification usually from evergreen trees. It


softwood is the less expensive and more plentiful
classification of wood.

Wood classification that grows much quicker, are


softwood
softer, and are easier to work with.

The less expensive and more plentiful classification


softwood
of wood.

Classification of wood suited for structural framing


softwood
and sheathing.

evergreen Softwood usually comes from _____ trees.

True / False:

true
Softwood is less expensive and more plentiful than
hardwood.

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True / False:
false
All softwood comes from evergreen trees

True / False:
false
All hardwood comes from deciduous trees

Building Materials Part 2: Wood


True / False:
true
Not all softwood comes from evergreen trees

True / False:
true
Not all hardwood comes from deciduous trees

True / False:

true Hardwood contains a more complex system of


pores or vessels while softwood has a simple
structure of large cells.

True / False:

false Softwood contains a more complex system of pores


or vessels while hardwood has a simple structure of
large cells.

True / False:

true
Softwoods are generally brittle while most
hardwoods are flexible.

True / False:
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false
Hardwoods are generally brittle while most
softwoods are flexible.

This occurs when there is an excessive accumulation


ptich pocket
of resin or gum in certain areas of wood.

Building resin
Materials Part 2: Wood
The hydrocarbon secretion of many plants,
generally of coniferous trees.

Resin is the _____ secretion of many plants, generally


hydrocarbon
of coniferous trees.

Adhesive substance, mostly obtained from the bark


gum
of trees or shrubs.

Identify this part of wood

pitch pocket

heartwood Hard, nonliving innermost layers of a tree.

Usually contains deposits of various materials that


heartwood frequently give it a darker color than the
heartwood.

Generally darker, denser, more durable, and less


heartwood
permeable part of a tree.

True / False:
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true
It is common to find boards with both heartwood
and sapwood combined.

Fill in the blanks:


nonliving
The heartwood is composed of _____ cells

Building Materials Part 2: Wood


Living outer layers of a tree, between the outer bark
sapwood and the thin formative layers. These layers contain
the sap-conducting tubes.

Tree part that is generally lighter in color, less


sapwood durable, less dense, and more permeable than the
innermost part of a tree.

The softer, younger portion of a tree that lies


sapwood
between the cambium and the heartwood.

The portion of wood near the periphery which is


sapwood
generally lighter in color than the central portion.

Because it contains more organic matter than the


central core of the log, it is more susceptible to
sapwood
bluing fungi and wood-boring insects, and is not
durable.

True / False:

true
Sapwood is more permeable, less durable, and
usually lighter in color than the heartwood

cambium Formative layer just under the bark

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True / False:

false
Heartwood is more permeable, less durable and
usually lighter in color than the sapwood

Building Materials Part 2: Wood


Fill in the blanks:

living
Sapwood contain _____ cells and takes an active part
in the life process of a tree

xylem Combined sapwood and heartwood

The vascular plant tissue of wood that propagates


xylem
nutrients and water and provides structural support.

This part of the wood consists of rigid, elongated


xylem
cells oriented in the direction of fluid movement.

A concentric layer of wood, shell, or bone


growth ring developed during an annual or other regular period
of growth.

Enumeration:
pith, heartwood, sapwood,
cambium, bark Parts of a tree (beginning from the center, 5
answers).

The ability of a section of wood to resist changes in


dimensional stability
volume at fluctuating moisture levels.

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Multiple choice:

Low dimensional stability results in wood to ________ in


a humid environments

a. expand
b. contract

Building Materials Part 2: Wood


Multiple choice:

Low dimensional stability results in wood to ________ in


b dry environments

a. expand
b. contract

An inherent characteristic of wood to resist


hardness
indentation.

Measures the resistance of a sample of wood to


denting and wear. It measures the pound of force
Janka hardness test
required to embed a 0.444" diameter steel ball
halfway into a sample of wood.

True / False:

false
Softwood is generally finer grain and better looking
than hardwood.

Fill in the blanks:

The Janka hardness test measures the ____ required to


embed a 0.444" diameter steel ball _____ into a
pound of force, halfway
sample of wood.
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answer format:
p*** of f**, h*****

True / False:

false
In regions of little climatic change, trees tend to
grow at an inconsistent rate.

Building Materials Part 2: Wood


Multiple choice:

In regions of little climatic change, trees tend to


a grow at a fairly consistent rate. This results in:

a. little variation in wood texture


b. varying color and texture of growth rings

True / False:

true
In regions of seasonal climatic change, trees grow
at different rates (depending on the season)

Multiple choice:

In regions of seasonal climatic change, trees grow


at different rates (depending on the season). This
b
results in:

a. little variation in wood texture


b. varying color and texture of growth rings

Fill in the blanks:

Wood doesn't move significantly in relation to


temperature. It does, however, move in relation to
relative humidity changes in
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relative humidity changes in _____, which temperature does have an
effect on.

answer format:
r****** *******

Building Materials Part 2: Wood


True / False:

True
Wood doesn't move significantly in relation to
temperature.

Size, alignment, and appearance of wood fibers in a


grain
piece of lumber

V-shaped grain pattern running the length of the


cathedral grain
board.

The direction of wood fibers run parallel to the axis


straight grain
of a piece of lumber.

decay Wood defect caused by fungi attack

Irregular grain pattern that results from an unusual


burl
growth on the tree.

This wood flaw indicates where branches were once


knot
attached.

knot The most common wood defect.

Identify this wood defect


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bow

Building Materials Part 2: Wood


Identify this wood defect

cup

Identify this wood defect

crook

Identify this wood defect

knot

Identify this wood defect

split

Identify this wood defect


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twist

Building Materials Part 2: Wood


Identify this wood defect

check

Identify this wood defect

shake

Identify this wood defect

wane

A curve on the face of a board, typically extending


bow from one end to the other. If the board was sitting
flat, the ends would not be touching the ground.

A distortion of the board in which the face is convex


bow
or concave longitudinal.

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A crack that occurs along the wood's growth rings.


It does not extend through the entire thickness of
check the board. As a result, the corners of a board do not
touch the ground when the board is flat on a
surface.

Building Materials Part 2: Wood


Crack or lengthwise separation across the annual
rings of growth cause by irregular shrinkage during
check
drying. It is formed when the circumference shrinks
more than the interior section of the log.

A defect found in a board that is bent end-to-end in


crook the direction of the tall ends of a board as it
continues down the length of the board.

A distortion of the board in which the edge is


crook
convex or concave longitudinal

A warp across the width of the face, in which the


cup edges are higher or lower than the center of the
wood.

A distortion of the board in which the face is convex


cup
or concave across the board.

A naturally-occurring defect in a piece of wood. It is


knot a circular imperfection caused by a broken-off tree
branch.

Irregular growths in the body of a tree which


knot interrupt the smooth curve of the grain. The fibers of
the tree are turned from their normal course
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the tree are turned from their normal course.

A defect that occurs when the grain between the


shake wood's growth rings separates. It can occur on the
face of a board or below the surface.

Cracks between the parallel to the annual rings of


shake
the growth.

Building Materials
split
Part 2: Wood
A crack in a piece of wood that goes all the way
through the board.

A distortion of the board in which one corner is


twist
raised.

A defect that occurs when there are multiple


twist
different bends in a board.

This is the lack of wood on the edge or corner of a


wane
piece.

A wood defect wherein there is missing wood or an


wane untrimmed edge along the side or corner of a
board.

Any variation with the plane surface of the piece


warping
caused by unequal shrinkage of the board.

Well-defined openings between the annual rings


pitch pocket
containing solid or liquid pitch.

Enumeration:

Separations of the wood parallel to the grain.


split, check, shake
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spl t, c ec , s a e

answer format:
sp**, c**, sh**

Building Materials Part 2: Wood


Fill in the blanks:

Splits are a result shrinkage during _____


drying process

answer format:
d**** p*****

seasoning Another term for the drying process of wood.

A wood defect similar to splits. It is a result of


check
shrinkage during the drying process/seasoning.

A wood defect that is biological in origin. It is a


shake
result of normal stresses in the life of a tree

Bowing, cupping, and twisting distortion in lumber


warp that occurs after it has been planed, usually during
the drying process.

Fill in the blanks:

Different methods of lumber cuts vary in the degree


angle between the ____ of the board and the wood's
face, growth ring
_____

answer format:
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f_____, g_____ r_____

These boards have end grain with growth rings of 0


plainsawn
- 35 degrees to the surface.

plainsawn Also known as flatsawn

Building Materials Part 2: Wood


plainsawn
Lumber cut this way produce a "cathedral" grain
pattern.

Lumber cut which is the simplest, most cost-


plainsawn efficient, and delivers maximum-yield and minimal
waste.

Fill in the blanks:

Plainsawn boards have end grain with growth rings


of _____ to the surface that produce "cathedral" grain
0 - 30 degrees
pattern.

answer format:
__- __ degrees

When lumber is cut this way, the tension of the


plainsawn tangential grain can make planks cup, twist, and
sometimes bow.

Lumber cut this way tends to absorb more moisture


plainsawn
from the air which can lead to unwanted movement.

This lumber cut typically has the greatest amount of


plainsawn lateral movement across the width of the board
during seasonal changes.
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Building Materials Part 2: Wood Flashcards | Quizlet

This lumber cut gets its name from the fact the log is
quartersawn cut into quarters. This cut features annual growth
rings at a 60- to 90-degree angle.

Building Materials Part 2: Wood


True / False:

true Plainsawn is desirable because it has less shrinkage


than quartersawn, and this is important where joints
must be kept tight.89i8

Quartersawn is desirable because it has less


false shrinkage than plainsawn, and this is important
where joints must be kept tight.

This lumber cut creates a visually appealing,


quartersawn somewhat tight vertical grain pattern, often with
dramatic flecking.

Fill in the blanks:

Quartersawn boards feature annual growth rings at


60 - 90 degrees a _____ angle.

answer format:
__ - __ degrees

This lumber cut has exceptional stability in shape -


quartersawn when dried, the board may result in simply having
slight bulging at the edges.

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The grain for this lumber cut run parallel to the


quartersawn
board edges (on front & back faces, and short sides)

This lumber cut produces a unique linear or vertical


riftsawn
grain pattern with no flecking.

Building Materials Part 2: Wood


Fill in the blanks:

The annual growth rings for riftsawn boards are


30 - 60 degrees typically between _____ degrees.

answer format:
__ - __ degrees

riftsawn Lumber cut this way is dimensionally superior.

Lumber cut this way takes more time and labor,


riftsawn produces the most waste, and costs more per
board foot

Type of lumber cut

plainsawn

The grain for this lumber cut run parallel to the


riftsawn
board edges (on front & back faces, and long sides)

This lumber cut starts with a straight cut through the


log, which provides a full range of the wood's
livesawn
natural characteristics The grain pattern varies with
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natural characteristics. The grain pattern varies, with
the vertical grain on the edges.

This lumber cut when dried, may result in


riftsawn diagonalling - forming a parallelogram section as it
dries.

Building Materials Part 2: Wood


Type of lumber cut

plainsawn

Type of lumber cut

quartersawn

Type of lumber cut

quartersawn

Type of lumber cut

riftsawn

Type of lumber cut


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