Physical and chemical changes

Purpose: Recognize and distinguish between chemical and physical changes

Materials:
Paper,
NaCI,
M AgNO3,
Mg ribbon,
M HCI,
CuSO4,
5H2o,
Fe,
S,
Burner flame,
Goggles,
Apon,
Water,
Test tube,
Dropper,
Motar,
Pestle,
Lighted splint,
Magnet,
Watch glass,
Insulating square,
Glass,
Microspatula.

Procedure:
1. Tear a piece of paper into small pieces (about 5 cm x 10 cm). Set a watch glass
on an insulating square and place the pieces of paper on the glass. Ignite the
paper with a sprint and allow it to burn.
2. Add a chemical scoop of NaCl to a quantity of water (about 5 ml) in a test tube.
Shake the contents of the tube. Record your observations. Next use a dropper
to add 10 drops of 0.1 MAgNO3 to the NaCl- water mixture, record your
observations then expose the contents of the tube to sunlight.
 3. Obtain a piece of magnesium ribbon about 5 cm long. Tear the ribbon into 1-cm
pieces. Place two of the pieces into a test-tube and add a few drops of 6 M HCI.
Caution: Use extreme care in handling this acid. It will cause severe burns if
allowed to come in contact with the skin. Touch the bottom of the test tube with
your finger. Tet any gas produced with a lighted splint.
4. Use a mortar and pestle to grind several crystals of CuSO4. 5H2O into a uniform
powder. Place one microspatula of the powder into a test tube. Heat gently over
a burner flame until a change is observed. Allow the sample to cool and then
add a few drops of water.
5. Using a lb balance, measure out the following samples: 0.50 g of iron filings and
0.50 g of powdered sulfur. Test each sample with a magnet. Mix the two
samples thoroughly in a test tube. Run the magnet along the bottom and sides
of the test tube.
6. Heat the iron-sulfur mixture in a burner flame for several minutes until the mixture
“glows.” Allow the sample to cool and examine it by probing it with a stirring rod.
Run the magnet along the test tube again.

Data

Before observations After observation

1. Clean, brand new piece of paper.
Ripped up on top of the slightly
burnt watch glass.
2. With the NaCl in the water and
shaken up well, it caused the water
to fog up and turn blue.
3. The two pieces of ribbon turned
very hot where it became fizzy.
The 6 M HCI looked like it stayed a
liquid, but turning the 2 pieces into
a gas state like
4. The crystals of CuSO4 after being
heated up had turned to a tanish or
brownish color. Not burnt, nor any
gasses were produced with it
getting heated up.
5. Having the sulfur and iron not well
mixed, it was easy to separate the
iron with the sulfur with the
magnetic. Making iron magnetic.
1. The splint caused a small flame yet
burnt the paper that slowly turned
black. Soon the flame went up the
splint and only burnt the splint for a
while before it naturally went out.
2. With adding the nitrate drops and
exposing it to the sunlight it caused
gas near the top of the test tube
and clear near the bottom of the
test tube. Looks like the NaCl and
nitrate combined turned to a gas
leaving the water behind.
3. The gas state helped the lit the
splint, while having the 6 M HCI
turn the ribbon into a gas.
4. Adding water to the new crystals
that turned tanish got reinstated
back to blue. The water had
turned blue just like the color the
crystals were before being heated
 6. Having the sulfur and iron heated
up together, it started to glow with
a red and yellow look to it. Made it
look like a volcano.
up.
5. Having it well mixed took a couple
tries to separate, yet made with a
physical change and not chemical
mixing the two together.
6. After waiting til the test tube was
safe to touch we rubbed the
magnet near the test tube to see if
any of it was still magnetic. But
having it heated up created a new
substance that wasn’t magnetic
from the sulfur.

Chemical and Physical

1.Indicate whether the following changes are physical or chemical.
Support your conclusion.
a. Physical change- easily repairable
b. Chemical change- Ash can’t turn back into paper
c. Physical change- change in color, but can be boiled and be separated
d. Chemical change- irreversible to gain the elements back to original form
e. Physical change- easily repairable
f. Chemical change- Caused bubbles and gas from interacting without heat.
g. Physical change- can be separated easily
h. Chemical change- change in temperature to combine the substances
i. Physical change- can be separated easily with magnet
j. Chemical change- Couldn’t separate with a magnet like before

2.Name two possible indications that a chemical change has taken place. Give
examples from this experiment.
Some indications that a chemical change has happened is change in color or bubbles
being produced with the substances interacting. Like, heating the mixture of Fe and S and the
heating of CuSO4 with 5H2O.

3.Chemical changes involve the formation of “new” substances. Briefly describe

the “new” substances that are formed as a result of each chemical change in the
experiment.
Burning paper becomes a new substance called ash, ash is made mostly out of carbon
and becomes black while paper is mostly made up from a form of wood and is white. The new
substance NaCl and AgNO3 created by getting mixed together with water made a substance
that is irreversible and can't go back to its original form. Adding HCl and Mg caused bubbles
and gas without affecting temperature or any outside components. The heating of CuSO4 and
5H2O became a new substance from causing gasses that aren’t the same molecules from
either elements. The heating of Fe and S made a new substance by testing it with the magnet
to see if the iron can be separated from the sulfur since sulfur isn't magnetic, Which proved the
substance was different from the original form.
4. The following changes do not always indicate a chemical change. Give
examples in which they might be results of physical change.
a. Change of color- Dyeing of hair
b. Apparent loss of mass- Dehydration of wood
c. Apparent disappearance of a substance- candle wax
5.How can substances in a mixture be separated? How can substances in a
compound be separated? Use an example from this experiment in your explanation.
Substances in a mixture can be separated by a change in temperature, individual taking
each piece out one by one or using a tool like a magnet. For example Fe and S can be
separated from a magnet. Substances in a compound are separated by distillation,
evaporation, or filtration. For example the dissolving of NaCl can be separated by distillation.