English for Academic and Professional

Learning Area Grade Level 12

W3 Quarter
Purposes
2/4 Date
I. LESSON TITLE Writing a Report
II. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING Determines the objectives and structures of various kinds of reports
COMPETENCIES (MELCs)
III. CONTENT/CORE CONTENT Principles and uses of surveys, experiments and scientific observations
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
I. Introduction (Time Frame: 30 mins)
People have often narrated their daily activities: children tell their parents who got into a fight with them, husbands and
wives tell each other what happened at home and at work, old people tell the young about their childhood, friends tell each
other where they were before they met, and students tell their teachers why they were late.
In other words, everybody has done some informal reporting at some point in their lives, but when this verbal capacity is
used to report on surveys, field work, experimental studies, systematic findings, and innovations, inquiries, and other outcomes
of technical advancements and study, a structured presentation is needed.
In this lesson, you will learn how to determine the objectives and structures of various kinds of reports which include
the principles and uses of surveys, experiments and scientific observations. As you go through this module, you need to bring
with you some experiences or instances in your life where you need to assert your beliefs as a person in order for you to make
a meaningful learning experience.

D. Development (Time Frame: 60 mins)

What is a Report?
Report writing is a structured style of writing that focuses on a specific subject in depth. The tone of a report, as well as the
style in which it is written, is often formal. The target group is a critical section to concentrate on. For instance, writing a report
about a school occurrence, writing a report about a business case, and so on.
https://www.toppr.com/guides/business-correspondence-and-reporting/report-writing/kinds-of-reports/
All of the evidence and details contained in the study must not only be free of bias, but also be completely accurate.
Before sending a submission, you should always proofread it and double-check the facts. Reports requiring a great deal of
review must be written. The object of report writing is to educate the reader about a subject without expressing one's personal
opinion.

Types of Reports
A survey report is a document whose task is to present the information gathered during the survey in an objective manner.
It presents a summary of all the responses that were collected in a simple and visually appealing manner.
The purpose of writing a survey report is to study a research topic thoroughly, and to summarize the existing studies in an
organized manner. It is an important step in any research project.
http://home.eng.iastate.edu/~zzhang/cpre581/survey.html

A field report is a documentation of observations and analysis of particular phenomena, behaviors, processes, and more.
It is based on theories and researchers’ analysis, which are used to identify solutions for a specific project or case study.
The purpose of a field report in the social sciences is to describe the observation of people, places, and/or events and to
analyze that observation data in order to identify and categorize common themes in relation to the research problem
underpinning the study. The content represents the researcher's interpretation of meaning found in data that has been
gathered during one or more observational events.
https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/fieldreport

A laboratory report provides a formal record of an experiment. The discussion of objectives, procedures, and results should
be specific enough that interested readers could replicate the experiment. https://twp.duke.edu/sites/twp.duke.edu/files/file-attachments/lab-report-
1.original.pdf

The purpose of a lab report is simple: to document the results of an experiment and to communicate the findings in a way
which is scientifically acceptable as well as understandable. Just like other assignments related to science, it has to be
organized, objective and methodical; factual and evidence-based.
A scientific report is a document that describes the process, progress, and or results of technical or scientific research or
the state of a technical or scientific research problem. It might also include recommendations and conclusion of the research.
The aim of your science experiment is the reason you're doing it in the first place. As a result, the intent of your experiment
should be stated in the objective section of your lab report. The effects of fertilizer on plants, for example, would be the object
of your experiment if you were trying to show the value of using fertilizer on plants. After reading your goal, your readers will
understand that the remainder of your article will cover these consequences
https://sciencing.com/writing-objectives-for-lab-reports-12750530.html
.
 A technical report is a document written by a researcher detailing the results of a project and submitted to the sponsor of
that project. Technical Reports are not peer-reviewed unless they are subsequently published in a peer-review journal.
This report may contain data, design criteria, procedures, literature reviews, research history, detailed tables,
illustrations/images, explanation of approaches that were unsuccessful; may be published before the corresponding journal
literature; may have more or different details than its subsequent journal article; may contain less background information since
the sponsor already knows it; may have restricted access classified and export controlled reports; and lastly, may contain
obscure acronyms and codes as part of identifying information.
https://tamu.libguides.com/c.php?g=604517&p=4189873

Structure of a Report
A key feature of reports is that they are formally structured in sections. The use of sections makes it easy for the reader to
jump straight to the information they need.
Unlike an essay, which is written in a single narrative style from beginning to end, each section of a report serves a distinct
purpose and must be written in a style that is suitable for that purpose – for example, the methodology and results sections are
primarily descriptive, while the discussion section must be analytical.
https://canvas.hull.ac.uk/courses/367/pages/report-structure

As general guidance, reports are usually arranged in sections, each with a clear heading. A simple report is likely to include
at least the following:
Introduction, including aims and objectives
State what your research/project/enquiry is about. What are you writing about, why and for whom? What are your
objectives? What are you trying to show or prove (your hypothesis)?
Methodology
State how you did your research/enquiry and the methods you used. How did you collect your data? For example, if
you conducted a survey, say how many people were included and how you selected them. Say whether you used interviews
or questionnaires and how you analyzed the data.
Findings/results
Give the results of your research. Do not, at this stage, try to interpret the results – simply report them. This section may
include graphs, charts, diagrams etc. (clearly labelled). Be very careful about copyright if you are using published charts, tables,
illustrations etc.
Discussion
Interpret your findings. What do they show? Were they what you expected? Could your research have been done in
a better way?
Conclusions and recommendations
These should follow on logically from the Findings and Discussion sections. Summarize the key points of your findings and show
whether they prove or disprove your hypothesis. If you have been asked to, you can make recommendations arising from your
research.
References
List all your sources in alphabetical order.

Learning Task 1: On the space provided, write TRUE if the statement about report writing is true, FALSE if otherwise.

_____1. Writing a report is like writing an essay using a single narrative style.
_____2. Reports can cover a wide range of topics, but usually focus on
transmitting information with a clear purpose, to a specific audience.
_____3. Good reports are documents that are accurate, objective and complete.
_____4. Footers are used in report writing for sectioning of information.
_____5. A key feature of reports is that they are formally structured in sections.

Learning task 2: On the space provided, arranged the jumbled letters below to form the correct words.
_________1. atenicummoc ____________5. sislyana
_________2. Iontamforin ____________6. atda
_________3. sultre ____________7. ssuesi
_________4. archrese

Learning Task 3: Use the words you uncovered in Learning Task 1 to complete the objective of writing a report below.

Reports aim to 1.________ 2.________ which has been compiled as a 3.______ of 4.___________ and 5._________ of 6.______ _ and
of 7.______ _.
E. Engagement (Time Frame: 60 mins)
Learning Task 4: Fill in the blanks with the types of reports exemplified by the goals. Write on the space provided for.

__________1. To study a research topic thoroughly, and to summarize the existing studies in an organized manner
__________2. To describe an observed person, place, or event and to analyze that observation data in order to identify and
categorize common themes in relation to the research problem(s) of the study
__________3. To document the results of an experiment and to communicate the findings scientifically acceptable as well as
understandable.
__________4. To state the research problem, establish your hypothesis, provide justification and state the methods, results and
conclusions.
__________5. To present a solution to a problem in order to prompt action

A. Assimilation (Time Frame: 20 mins)

When writing a report paper, you can arrange it in such a way that it is simple to read and comprehend. Although the
parts you should include in your report will vary depending on the report, you can use the following report components as a
reference when writing your report:
1. Title or title page
2. 2. Executive summary/abstract that briefly describes the content of your report
3. 3. Table of contents (if the report is more than a few pages)
4. 4. An introduction describing your purpose in writing the report
5. 5. Methodology, Findings/Results, Discussion
6. 6. Conclusion or recommendation depending on the purpose of the report
7. 7. References
8. Learning task 5: Read and comprehend the numerically written extract. Determine which part of the structure the
numbered paragraph/sentence exemplifies.
9. Survey of Academic and General Reading in English
10. ______1. On 8th February 1999, a survey was conducted among 16 overseas post-graduate students at the University of
England. The purpose of the survey was to discover the reading habits in English of the students.
11. ______2. The survey was conducted by means of a questionnaire given to the students to complete. The first part of the
questionnaire dealt with the type of reading and its frequency. The second section was concerned with newspapers: the
type of items read and those that were read first.
12. ______3. From the table of data, the most significant items are as follows. In the first section 81% of the students regularly
read academic books" while 44% regularly read academic journals. Nothing else is read regularly or often by 40% or more
of the students. The following comments can be made about the reading of newspapers, magazines and fiction.
13. _______4. If any conclusions may be drawn from the data, they are, perhaps, as follows. Overseas students presumably
have little time for general reading: most of their reading time is spent on books and journals on their own subject. Outside
their studies, apart from reading news about their own country, international news, and news about Britain, they probably
spend most time watching TV and listening to the radio.
14. ________5. /from Academic Writing Course by R.R. Jordan/

V. ASSESSMENT (Time Frame: 30 mins)

(Learning Activity Sheets for Enrichment, Remediation, or Assessment to be given on Weeks 3 and 6)
Learning Task 6: Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer. Do this on your notebook.

1. Using the excerpt in Learning Task 5, what is the report’s objective?

A. To identify the preferred reading material of the students
B. To determine the importance of reading in England
C. To discover the reading habits in English of the students
D. To know if the post-graduate students were fluent in English
2. What kind of report was exemplified by the excerpt above?
A. Field B. Laboratory C. Scientific D. Survey
3. On what part of the report does interpretation of findings manifest?
A. Conclusion B. Discussion C. Findings D. Introduction
4. How did you collect your data? Is it answerable on what part of the report?
A. Methodology B. introduction C. Reference D. Results
5. Writing reports is done both in the academe and in the professional world.
A. True B. False C. Slightly True D. Slightly False
VI. REFLECTION (Time Frame: _________)
● Communicate your personal assessment as indicated in the Learner’s Assessment Card.
In your journal, write your personal insights about the lesson using the prompts below:
I understand that _________________________________________.
I realize that ______________________________________________.
I enjoyed activity ________ because ________________________.
 I need to learn more about _________________________.
Personal Assessment on Learner’s Level of Performance
Using the symbols below, choose one which best describes your experience in working on each given task. Draw it in the column
for Level of Performance (LP). Be guided by the descriptions below:
 - I was able to do/perform the task without any difficulty. The task helped me in understanding the target content/ lesson.
- I was able to do/perform the task. It was quite challenging, but it still helped me in understanding the target content/lesson.
? – I was not able to do/perform the task. It was extremely difficult. I need additional enrichment activities to be able to do/perform this
task.
Learning Task LP Learning Task LP Learning Task LP Learning Task LP
Number 1 Number 3 Number 5 Number 7
Number 2 Number 4 Number 6 Number 8
VII. REFERENCES https://www.toppr.com/guides/business-correspondence-and-reporting/report-writing/kinds-of-reports/
http://home.eng.iastate.edu/~zzhang/cpre581/survey.html
https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/fieldreport
https://sciencing.com/writing-objectives-for-lab-reports-12750530.html
https://twp.duke.edu/sites/twp.duke.edu/files/file-attachments/lab-report-1.original.pdf
https://tamu.libguides.com/c.php?g=604517&p=4189873
https://canvas.hull.ac.uk/courses/367/pages/report-structure

Prepared by: JENNY C. DE LEON Checked by: ANDREA C. SEÑADOZA

CHARITO V. BERNAS