Emerging Technologies in Computing

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INTRODUCTION TO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES › The mass adoption of IoT platforms: Many

IN COMPUTING companies are already leveraging IoT
Industries Influenced by Technologies technology and many others are ramping
up their efforts.
⁕ Real Estate ⁕ Telecom
› The industrial IoT is the biggest business
⁕ Financial ⁕ Automotive
opportunity.
⁕ Education ⁕ Healthcare
› Major security challenges in IoT solutions
⁕ Consumer Business ⁕ Media
⁕ Manufacturing ⁕ Energy × Cyber Security
⁕ Government › Up to 5,000 average number of security
alerts
Current Situation Insights › SMBs as the main focus of attacks
➢ Increased investments in technologies becoming a launch pad for bigger
implementations campaigns
➢ New business models › The most popular attacks are target
➢ Work on the operational efficiency attacks against person, advanced
➢ Technology management malware the world hasn’t seen before,
➢ Value of data ransomware.
➢ Customer centricity › Cloud as an option to strengthen security
➢ Combination of technologies and cross- efficiency
industries partnerships for new customer’s › New technologies as a new way to
benefits embrace cyber technology (e.g. Machine
➢ Rebuilding the workforce and creating the Learning as security help)
digital workplace › Security outsourcing as a better option for
➢ Regulatory rethinking SMBs
➢ Security and privacy becomes a #1 priority
× Big Data / Data Science
Tech Trends Today › Strong connection with other emerging
× Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies (e.g. AI and ML)
› Intensive development of AI in the past › Data warehouse optimization remains the
few years top use case for big data.
› Huge interest of companies in technology › Prevailing trend among enterprises is to
and its marsh to the commercial use move to cloud-based analytics in the
› Main focus on its implementation to keep nearest time.
the business processes up to date › Data privacy and security concerns
› Deep learning improvement × Mobile Apps Development
› AI already merged with lots of other › Demand for App Dev at all times is high
emerging technologies (automotive, IoT (Mobile-first)
etc.) › Excessive development time
× Internet of Things (IoT) › Backlogs remain stubbornly high
› Top-of-mind technology over the last few › Slow returns from Agile and DevOps
years investments
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› Customer centricity is on the rise.
› Low-code is becoming mainstream
× Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality
(VR)
› AR goes on with active implementation in
our everyday life (e.g. AR applications for
retail).
› Increasing software development for
common usage
› Continuous investments, development
and further R&D activities of big plyers
(Samsung, Microsoft, Google, Amazon,
etc).
› Ongoing adoption of commercial and
enterprise solutions using AR devices
× RPA: Robot Process Automation
› The market is still nascent.
› Capturing inputs from diverse formats is
still a problem.
› Integration with other emerging
technologies to solve such problems as
processing unstructured data
› Frequent changes in business rules and
operating procedures
› Industry standards are still being
developed.
› RPA initiatives are being adopted in
pockets.
› Narrow scope of services where RPA may
be implemented
× Blockchain
› Blockchain technology is still in its infancy.
(Blockchains are slow, user unfriendly,
unscalable, and expensive)
› Enterprise Blockchains focus on private or
consortium-based blockchain
implementations
› Raising capital
› Increased government and regulatory
involvement
× Autonomous Driving (Automotive)
› The technology is still under
development.
› Companies go on testing self-driving
vehicles building the enough number of
vehicles.
› Safety of others is still a challenge.
› The issue with cars driven by humans
› The problem with signs recognition
› Ownership system issues
× Business Intelligence
› Executive Management, Operations, and
Sales are the three primary roles driving
Business Intelligence (BI) adoption.
› Dashboards, reporting, end-user self-
service, advanced visualization and data
warehousing are the highest priority
investment areas for companies.
› Small organizations with up to 100
employees have the highest rate of BI
penetration or adoption.
› Sales, Marketing and Executive
Management have the highest level of
interest in dashboards and advanced
visualization.
× Cloud Computing
› Increased popularity among small and
large businesses.
› Multi-cloud is the preferred strategy
among enterprises.
› More enterprises are prioritizing public
cloud.
› Serverless is the top-growing extended
cloud service.
› Significant wasted cloud spend makes
optimizing costs the top initiative.
› Azure continues to grow quickly and
reduce the AWS lead, especially among
enterprises.
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× Service Desk × Augmented analytics becomes a new wave of

› Today’s Service Desk is about “doing data processing based on data science and
more with less”. machine learning platforms.
› Employee experience consideration to
improve employees productivity AI-Driven Development
› Proactive approach as a core This trend covers embedding of artificial
› The more automated processes – the intelligence into different applications and
better creation of AI-powered tools for such directions:
o AI-powered tools targeting professional
Technology Trends Transformation in 2019 developer community (AI Platforms and
and Beyond Services)
o AI-powered tools created to assist
Intelligence Digital Mesh professional developers and automate
▪ Autonomous ▪ Digital Twins ▪ Blockchain tasks related to the development of AI-
Things ▪ Empowered ▪ Smart Spaces enhanced solutions
▪ Augmented Edge o AI-powered tools targeting business
Analytics ▪ Immersive
domain expertise (application
▪ AI-Driven Experience
Development
development stack)
Privacy and Ethics
Digital Twins
Quantum Computing Digital twins became a new format of the well-
known computer design representations of real
Autonomous Things world elements, but now it brings a new sense of
Today all autonomous solutions are closely digitalization:
related to AI to be able to interact more naturally o Reflect the models focused on specific
with the environment. Autonomous things are business outcomes support
represented as: o Show the real world in real time for
o Robotics monitoring and control
o Vehicles 59% of organizations are o Allows to check the application of Big Data
o Drones still preparing to build their Analytics and AI
o Appliances AI strategies. o Create the environment for “What-if”
o Agents scenarios.

Augmented Analytics Empowered Edge

× Today, Bid Data definition transformed into
the Enormous Data, and now we are talking
about receiving data flows from anywhere –
connected sensors that measure nearly
everything.
× Data scientists face not only the problem of
data collection and storage, but have to solve
the challenge of its analysis.
Edge computing allows to process the data in
real-time without loosing the time on sending it
to process the data in the cloud. The empowered
edge will be of use in such areas as:
o Enterprises, where the remote data
monitoring is vital for faults monitoring.
Industries, where edge data processing
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allows gather comprehensive information Digital Ethics and Privacy

on processes for further improvements. Due to constant technology development,
o Automated devices for real-time data governments started creating new regulations
processing and transmitting it to other related to data protection. The main regulation
devices. themes became digital ethics, namely:
o Security
Immersive Experience o Cybercrime
Current experience based on artificial intelligence, o Privacy
augmented, mixed and virtual reality will result in o Social
a new era of customer relationship management: o Interaction
o EmoBots – chatbots and intelligent o Governance
assistants able to recognize and react to o Free will
human emotions. o Society and economy
o New level of realism (AR/VR, IoT and
mobile combination) Quantum Computing
o Hyper-personalization (AI, predictive It is expected that in 5 years quantum computing
analytics, IoT etc.) will become a mainstream and ease such
o Instant gratification processes as:
o Weather and climate modeling
Blockchain o Personalized medicine predictions
Even still being immature, blockchain is expected o Space exploration
to embrace all industries, and even more: o Fundamental sciences boost
o The mature ecosystem and national o Machine learning
cryptocurrencies will appear. o Encryption
o Working business models will be created. o Real-time language translation
o Blockchain already started integration with
IoT and it will be strengthened further.
o New Blockchain regulations will be
implemented.
o All decentralized services will be secured.

Smart Spaces
Smart spaces are the physical or digital
environments or ecosystems where humans can
interact with technology-enabled systems. Smart
spaces provide developers with such vital features:
o Openness
o Connectedness
o Coordination
o Intelligence
o Scope
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BIG DATA › Just think of all the conversations we have on

social media sites like Facebook or Twitter.
It is completely transforming the way we do
› Even many of our phone conversations are
business and is impacting most other parts of our
now digitally recorded.
lives.
Image / Video Data
Basic Idea
› Just think about all the pictures we take on
› Everything we do is increasingly leaving a
our smart phones or digital cameras. We
digital trace (or data), which we (and others)
upload and share hundreds of thousands of
can use and analyze.
them on social media sites every second.
› Big Data therefore refers to our ability to
› The increasing amounts of CCTV cameras
make use of the ever-increasing volumes of
take video images and we upload hundreds
data.
of hours of video images to YouTube and
How Much Data? other sites every minute.
› From the dawn of civilization until 2003, Sensor Data
humankind generated five exabytes of data.
› We are increasingly surrounded by sensors
Now we produce five exabytes every two
that collect and share data.
days…and the pace is accelerating. (Eric
› Take your smart phone, it contains a global
Schmidt, Executive Chairman, Google)
positioning sensor to track exactly where you
› Facebook has 2.5 PB of user data + 15
are every second of the day, it includes an
TB/day (2009)
accelerometer to track the speed and
› eBay has 6.5 PB of user data + 50 TB/day
direction at which you are travelling.
(2009)
IoT Data
Activity Data
› We now have smart TVs that are able to
› Simple activities like listening to music or
collect and process data, we have smart
reading a book are now generating data.
watches, smart fridges, and smart alarms.
Digital music players and eBooks collect
› The Internet of Things, or Internet of
data on our activities.
Everything connects these devices so that e.g.,
› Your smart phone collects data on how you
the traffic sensors on the road send data to
use it and your web browser collects
your alarm clock which will wake you up
information on what you are searching for.
earlier than planned because the blocked
› Your credit card company collects data on
road means you have to leave earlier to make
where you shop and your shop collects data
your 9am meeting.
on what you buy.

Conversation Data
› Our conversations are now digitally
recorded!
› It all started with emails but nowadays most
of our conversations leave a digital trail.
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The 4 V’s of Big Data
Volume
× Vast amounts of data generated every
second.
× Not just Terabytes but Zettabytes or
Brontobytes.
× New big data tools use distributed systems so
that we can store and analyze data across
databases that are dotted around anywhere in
the world.
Velocity
× Speed at which new data is generated and the
speed at which data moves around.
× Just think of social media messages going
viral in seconds.
× Technology allows us now to analyze the
data while it is being generated (sometimes
referred to as in memory analytics), without
ever putting it into databases.
Variety
× Different types of data we can use.
× In the past we only focused on structured
data that neatly fitted into tables or relational
databases, such as financial data.
× 80% of the world’s data is unstructured (text,
images, video, voice, etc.)
× With big data technology we can now analyze
and bring together data of different types
such as messages, social media conversations,
photos, sensor data, video or voice
recordings.
Veracity
× Messiness or trustworthiness of the data.
× With many forms of big data quality and
accuracy are less controllable (just think of
Twitter posts with hash tags, abbreviations,
typos and colloquial speech as well as the
reliability and accuracy of content) but
technology now allows us to work with this
type of data.
Big Data Applications
• Example 1: Better Understand and Target
Customer
➢ To better understand and target
customers, companies expand their
traditional data sets with social media
data, browser, text analytics or sensor
data to get a more complete picture of
their customers.
➢ The big objective, in many cases, is to
create predictive models. Using big data,
Telecom companies can now better
predict customer churn; retailers can
predict what products will sell, and car
insurance companies understand how
well their customers actually drive
• Example 2: Understand and Optimize Business
Processes
➢ Retailers are able to optimize their stock
based on predictive models generated
from social media data, web search trends
and weather forecasts.
➢ Another example is supply chain or
delivery route optimization using data
from geographic positioning and radio
frequency identification sensors.
• Example 3: Improving or Optimizing Cities and
Countries
➢ It allows cities to optimize traffic flows
based on real time traffic information as
well as social media and weather data.
➢ A number of cities are currently using big
data analytics with the aim of turning
themselves into Smart Cities, where
transport infrastructure and utility
processes are all joined up. Where a bus
would wait for a delayed train and where
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traffic signals predict traffic volumes and

operate to minimize jams.
• Endless Applications
➢ Currently we are only seeing the
beginnings of a transformation into a big
data economy.
➢ Any business that doesn’t seriously
consider the implications of Big Data runs
the risk of being left behind.
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COGNITIVE TECHNOLOGY
A Converging Spectrum
- Cognitive computing is already augmenting
and accelerating human capabilities by
mimicking how humans learn, think and
adapt.
- When perfected, these technologies will
replicate the human capabilities of sensory
perception, deduction, learning, thinking and
decision-making.
- The ability to harness vast amounts of
computing power will take this paradigm
beyond human replication both in terms of
speed and ability to distinguish patterns and
provide potential solutions that individuals may
not be equipped to perceive.
- The jump in machine capacity not only
promises to augment human potential but
will spark and increase individual creativity and
create new waves of innovation.
The Blending Layers of Cognitive Computing
Sensory Perception
→ Where machines are enabled to simulate
human senses of sight, hearing, smell, touch
and taste. Of these senses, the most
developed in terms of machine simulation
are visual and auditory perception.
Deduction, reasoning and learning
→ Where machines simulate human thinking to
make decisions. Machine learning, deep
learning and neural networks are the most
prominent among these technology
paradigms and are already being deployed
as systems of intelligence to derive meaning
from information and apply judgment.
Data Processing
→ where huge data sets are processed to
facilitate accelerated business decisions and
provide smarter suggestions. Hyperscale
computing, knowledge representation and
ontologies, high-performance search and
natural language processing (NLP) are the
leading technologies here and provide the
required processing power to ensure
systems of engagement work in real time.
Replicating Human Sensory Capability
× When it comes to programming machines to
replicate human sensory perception, visual
and auditory perception are fairly well
evolved.
× Advancements in the fields of haptics that
simulates the sense of touch, machine
olfaction that simulates the sense of smell and
gustatory technology that simulates the sense
of taste are expected to take virtual
experiences to the next level.
× For now, cognitive computing technologies
are helping organizations to make meaning of
visual and auditory inputs that can be applied
in practice.
× Making Meaning from Visual Inputs
• Advancements in computer vision,
image analytics, optical character
recognition (OCR), pattern recognition,
video analytics, etc. are helping
organizations to make sense of visual
inputs.
• The practicality of such technology is
increasing every day with the advent of
technologies that capture images and
video, including drones, satellites,
thermal cameras, medical equipment,
etc., which are providing access to a
variety of visual data sets that were
previously not available.
• They enable not only process
optimization like faster document
handling and data entry, but also are
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helping fight disabilities by making the
process of screening medical images
easier and more portable.
× Making Meaning from Visual Inputs
• Speech processing, audio analysis, voice
recognition, etc. are gaining momentum
since they deliver superior and more
human-like experiences to end users.
• The ability to process speech as audio
files, analyze audio content to identify
patterns and apply natural language
processing have matured to a point
where they enable users to interact with
machines in a conversational mode.
× Making Meaning from Auditory Inputs
• These are areas that we believe
enterprises should examine in the near
term.
• Beyond speech processing, analysis of
sound patterns – in areas such as of
medical diagnostics and machine
diagnostics – is expected to help
organizations make and apply meaning
from such sonic inputs.
Emulating the Power of the Human Brain
× When it comes to deduction, reasoning and
learning systems, technologies such as
machine learning, deep learning and neural
networks are enabling new machines to
simulate and augment human thinking at
higher levels.
× Machine Learning
o Machine learning capabilities and
techniques are helping applications
identify patterns in large amounts of
information, classify information, make
predictions and detect anomalies.
o These techniques help organizations
build systems that can process large
amounts of data while applying human-
like thinking to information, classify and
correlate disparate pieces of
information, make more informed
decisions and trigger actions in
downstream activities.
o Such systems are also capable of
learning over time without needing to
be explicitly programmed to do so.
× Deep Learning
o As a branch of machine learning, deep
learning attempts to model high level
abstractions in data.
o Deep learning methods are based on
learning representations of data. It
applies multiple layers of processing
units where each successive layer uses
the output of the previous layer as input.
o Each layer corresponds to different
layers of abstraction, forming a hierarchy
of concepts. Deep learning solutions
help create applications that can be
trained both in a supervised and
unsupervised manner.
o Numerous techniques such as neural
networks are under development in the
field of deep learning and are expected
to soon be part of our daily life.
× Neural Networks
o Neural networks are among the most
used deep learning methods to create
learning and reasoning systems.
o The application of back propagation, as
part of neural networks, helps to
generate continuous improvement in
deep learning algorithms and train
multi-layered deep learning systems to
enhance their knowledge bases.
o Neural networks are helping us solve
complex problems that typically took
skills acquired over many years of
learning and human experience.
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o These capabilities are expected to help
organizations to analyze audio, video
and images as well as any human expert
would, only at exponentially faster
speeds and at much greater levels of
depth and quantity.
Matching the Speed of Thought
× Technological advancements will generate a
huge amount of data, both structured and
unstructured, and that data will be available
for analysis.
× The challenges of effectively processing such
large quantities of data, the success of
cognitive computing applications will depend
on how vast bodies of knowledge are
represented, how effectively they are
searched and how natural language is
processed when a system is queried.
× High Performance & Hyperscale Computing
o These technologies require systems of
intelligence to have huge stores of
embedded smarts to be responsive in
near instantaneous ways.
o The effective use of computing
infrastructure to rapidly process large
data streams is what gives life and
energy to cognitive computing. Beyond
mere performance enhancement, HPC
and hyperscale computing provide
added scalability, the ability to process
multiple parallel jobs and an ability to
program at the network’s edge.
× Knowledge Representations & Ontologies
o What makes human thought special is
the ability to draw connections through
massive amounts of data, information,
experiences and calculations.
o Making such deductions is often so
abstract a process that we call it instinct
or even cultural capital.
o Such deductions are enabled by the way
human knowledge has been collected
over years of learning; reasoning and
logic is hardwired into human DNA.
o Knowledge representations and
ontologies are now under development
to create a shared or common
understanding of information structure,
enable the reuse of domain knowledge
in disparate situations, make implicit
assumptions explicit, draw parallels and
learn from nonrelated experiences.
o These capabilities will not only help to
speed information search and retrieval
but also support complex algorithms
that cross-pollinate ideas across
nonrelated domains.
× Natural Language Processing
o NLP is bringing about a change in the
way machines understand human
language, intent and sentiments behind
words.
o As more machines start interacting with
humans in various forms, particularly in
functions such as customer service and
support, enterprises will be able to tackle
new classes of business problems with
tighter collaboration between man and
machine.
o Ultimately, when it comes to
conversational interfaces, multilingual
translations and overall human
interaction with machines, NLP is critical
for enabling better understanding of
context and sentiment, while making
meaning.
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Emerging Industry Use Cases × Technology Driven Scenarios

× Industry-Specific Scenarios o OCR for automated data extraction
o Banking, financial services and o Chatbots, robots and intelligent
insurance companies virtual assistants
› Cognitive technologies are o Video analytics analyzes streaming
automating document processing, video feeds from cameras to provide
contract management and other real-time analysis about user-predefined
processes where a large amount of behaviors of people, vehicles or objects
human manual effort is being o Image analytics is used in applying
accelerated with robotic process high-spatial-resolution imagery of
automation supervised by humans. terrain to analyze water, crops, build-up,
o Healthcare, medical image analysis forestry, contextual information,
and processing elevation detail and spectral indices
› Poised to increase the portability of
screening and diagnosis
o Travel and hospitality companies
› Building applications that reduce
the time-intensive process of
surfing multiple websites,
aggregators and customer review
sites when consumers research and
plan trips
o Retailers
› Cognitive computing apps can act
as a personal shopper answering
frequently asked questions,
providing suggestions about
products, tapping into the
engagement on social networks
and making recommendations
based on the shopper’s previous
purchases, interests and needs.
o Manufacturers
› Cognitive computing can help sift
through large amounts of data and
provide the right information to
disparate teams across finance,
operations and the supply chain to
facilitate better collaboration
based on shared goals and
assumptions.
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
× A great variety of experimental data, at a
chemical, transcriptomic, or genomic-level is
available to readily use for drug development.
× Summarizing the huge amount of biological
data at hand into meaningful models, to grasp
the full mechanism of diseases, seems harder
and harder.
× However, systems biology and machine
learning approaches are continuously
enhanced in order to accelerate the path to
efficient drug development.
Drug Development
Current context in drug development
× Development of new drugs is a time-
consuming and costly process.
× Drug development is roughly split into four
major stages, called phases.
× Phase 0 comprises basic research/drug
discovery and preclinical tests, which aim at
assessing the efficiency and body processing
of the drug candidate.
× The last three stages are clinical trials: study of
dose-toxicity, short-lived side effects, and
kinetic relationships (Phase I); determination
of drug performance (Phase II); and
comparison of the molecule to the standard-
of-care (Phase III).
× An optional Phase IV can be post-drug
marketing to monitor long-lasting side effects
and drug combination with other therapies.
The future of drug development
× This context has indeed transformed the
pharmaceutical industry in the span of ten
years.
× Even the biggest pharmaceutical companies
encounter productivity issues, in terms of
number of approved molecules with regard to
the number of drug candidates.
× Between 2017 and 2018, the number of active
drug pipelines for cancer therapy has
increased by 7.6%, whereas the number of
anti-infective drugs has dropped by 9.3%.
× The most studied diseases in 2018, in terms of
number of active drug pipelines, are cancer
subtypes (breast, lung), diabetes, and
Alzheimer’s disease.
× One rather inexpensive way to improve these
numbers might be to automate some
important but repetitive data processing and
analysis tasks, more especially, through
robotics and Machine Learning (ML) methods.
× Collaborations between Artificial Intelligence
(AI) and Machine Learning (ML) companies
and pharmaceutical labs, as well as
universities and research centers, slowly
bridge the gap in bioinformatics between
applied mathematics, computer sciences and
biology.
× Integrating ML methods into drug
development pipelines might also decrease
drug development cost and time, and make
therapies more patient-oriented, as the easier
integration of multiview data might allow
implementation or enhancement of precision
medicine techniques.
Towards an automated search for therapies
× The combined efforts from biology, medicine,
bioinformatics, computer science and
mathematics communities have been spent
on improving each part of the drug
development pipeline.
× For example, drug discovery through high-
throughput screening (HTS) of drugs via
genomic and transcriptomic data, genome-
wide association studies (GWAS) to uncover
new relevant drug targets, and increasing
application of generic algorithms from
machine learning.
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Sequential learning and recommender systems
in machine learning
× Machine learning (ML) is a subfield of
artificial intelligence (AI) in computer science.
× Here, a ML algorithm designates any
computational method where results from
past actions or decisions, or past
observations, are used to improve predictions
or future
× Many different machine learning tasks have
been studied, which fall broadly into three
categories.
1. The first one is supervised learning
› the goal is to predict the label of
new observations given a large
database of labelled examples.
2. The second task is unsupervised
learning
› and it aims at detecting underlying
relationships or patterns in
unlabeled data.
3. The third type of task is sequential
learning.
› where algorithms rely on trial-and-
error, and iteratively use external
observations in order to find the
best decision with respect to the
environment they interact with.
× Multi-Armed Bandit (MAB) algorithms
constitute a popular and versatile family of
sequential decision-making algorithms.
Examples of machine learning applied to drug
development
- This approach aims at studying already
available drugs and chemical compounds to
find them new therapeutic indications.
Drug discovery
› It is usually considered the first stage of a
drug development pipeline,
› is an exploratory step which aims at
uncovering putative drug candidates or
gene targets,
› or causal factors, of a given disease or a
given chemical compound.
Drug testing
› Once one or several drug candidates are
selected, preclinical (Phase 0) and clinical
development (Phases I up to III) start.
Drug repurposing
› The challenges of designing new molecular
entities, and testing them through all
clinical phases, has generated research
interest in a more profitable and efficient
technique.
Machine Learning in drug discovery
× Artificial intelligence is advancing various
industries, including healthcare and the
pharmaceutical industry.
× According to Accenture data, key clinical
health AI applications can potentially create
$150 billion in annual savings for the United
States healthcare sector by 2026.
× That’s why AI companies are getting involved
in various activities in the treatment process,
from diagnosis to therapy and drug
development.
Applications of Machine Learning in Pharma
and Medicine
1. Disease Identification / Diagnosis
› Disease identification and diagnosis of
ailments is at the forefront of ML
research in medicine.
› According to a 2015 report issued by
Pharmaceutical Research and
Manufacturers of, more than 800
medicines and vaccines to treat cancer
were in trial.
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› Boston-based biopharma company Berg
is using AI to research and develop
diagnostics and therapeutic treatments
in multiple areas, including oncology.
› Other major examples include Google’s
Deepmind Health, which last year
announced multiple UK-based
partnerships, including with Moorfields
Eye Hospital in London, in which they’re
developing technology to address
macular degeneration in aging eyes.
2. Personalized Treatment / Behavioral
Modification
› Personalized medicine, or more effective
treatment based on individual health
data paired with predictive analytics.
› The domain is presently ruled by
supervised learning, which allows
physicians to select from more limited
sets of diagnoses, for example, or
estimate patient risk based on
symptoms and genetic information.
› A select two from a round-up in
Entrepreneur include:
• Somatix – a data-analytics B2B2C
software platform company whose
ML-based app uses “recognition of
hand-to-mouth gestures in order
to help people better understand
their behavior and make life-
affirming changes”, specifically in
smoking cessation.
• Skin Vision - the self-described
“skin cancer risk app” makes its
claim as “the first and only CE
certified online assessment.
3. Drug Discovery / Manufacturing
› The use of machine learning in
preliminary (early stage) drug discovery
has the potential for various uses, from
initial screening of drug compounds to
predicted success rate based on
biological factors.
4. Clinical Trial Research
› Machine learning has several useful
potential applications in helping shape
and direct clinical trial research.
› Applying advanced predictive analytics
in identifying candidates for clinical
could draw on a much wider range of
data than at present, including social
media and doctor visits.
› for example, as well as genetic
information when looking to target
specific populations
5. Radiology and Radiotherapy
› In an October 2016 interview with Stat
News, Dr. Ziad Obermeyer, an assistant
professor at Harvard Medical School,
stated: “In 20 years, radiologists won’t
exist in anywhere near their current
form. They might look more like
cyborgs: supervising algorithms reading
thousands of studies per minute.”
› Until that day comes, Google’s
DeepMind Health is working with
University College London Hospital
(UCLH) to develop machine learning
algorithms capable of detecting
differences in healthy and cancerous
tissues to help improve radiation
treatments.
6. Smart Electronic Health Records
› Document classification (sorting patient
queries via email, for example) using
support vector machines, and optical
character recognition (transforming
cursive or other sketched handwriting
into digitized characters), are both
essential ML-based technologies in
helping advance the collection and
digitization of electronic health
information.
Emerging Technologies in Computing
MODULE 4 – IT0053

7. Epidemic Outbreak Prediction

› ML and AI technologies are also being
applied to monitoring and predicting
epidemic outbreaks around the world,
based on data collected from satellites,
historical information on the web, real-
time social media updates, and other
sources.
› for example, to predict malaria
outbreaks, taking into account data such
as temperature, average monthly
rainfall, total number of positive cases,
and other data points.