SSC Je Mains Test Series Paper With Solution424

ZONE TECH Survey + SOM + TOS 1
SSC-JE Mains Test Series 2022

Civil Engineering
Survey + SOM + TOS Mains Test Paper
Detailed Solution
Test ID. 071 Date:- 25/12/2022
Duration : 2:00 hr. Maximum Marks : 300
Q.1
(a) (i) Define a Bench Mark. What are the different kinds ?
(ii) A line of levels was run from a Bench Mark of RL 51.450 m and ended on BM of RL 63.500 m.
The sum of the backsights and foresights were 87.755 m and 73.725 m respectively. What was
the closing error of the work ?
(i)
(ii) RL 51.450 m RL 63.500 m BM
foresights 87.755 m 73.725 m
[5+10 Marks]
Sol. (i) Bench Mark :
The Bench Mark (B.M) is a fixed point of known elevation above the datum. Any point whose
elevation is definitely known can be used as a bench Mark.
The different kinds of Bench Mark that are estabilished and used, depending upon the permanency
and precision are as follows :
(I) GTS Bench Marks :
The great trigonometrical survey (G.T.S) bench marks are established by the survey of India
throughout the country. The levels of G.T.S bench marks are determined very accurately with
respect to the MSL at bombay port.
(II) Permanent Bench Marks :
The permanent bench marks are established at a closer interval between widely spaced G.T.S
bench marks. The bench marks are either established by PWD or SOI.
(III) Temporary Bench Marks :
These are the bench marks established temporarily when required. These are generally the
points at which a day's work is closed and from which next day's work is started.
(IV) Arbitrary Bench Marks :
These are the bench marks whose elevations are arbitrarily assumed for levelling of a small area.
(ii) Given,
B.S. = 87.755
F.S. = 73.725
R.L. of first bench mark = 51.450 m
Call Us : 0141-2597591, +91-9828747676 ZONE TECH F-26/A Kisan Marg,Tonk Phatak, Jaipur
R.L. of last bench mark = 63.500 m
Measured value = B.S – F.S
= 87.755 – 73.725 = 14.03 m
True value = (R.L)Last – (R.L)first
= 63.500 – 51.450 = 12.05 m
Error = Measured value – True value
= 14.30 – 12.05 = 1.98 m
Closing error of work = +1.98 m
(b) Define and explain contour, contour interval, necessity of contour plotting. Discuss factors affecting
the choice of contour interval.
[15 Marks]
Sol. CONTOUR :
A contour may be defined as an imaginary line passing through points of equal elevation on the
earth surface.
650
600
650
600
Contour Representation
CONTOUR INTERVAL :
The vertical distance between consecutive contours is termed as contour interval.
The smaller the contour interval, the more precisely the terrain relief is predicted on the plane.
NECESSITY OF CONTOUR PLOTTING :
Various engineering problems need the information regarding contours which require the plotting
of contour such as :
(a) Proper and precise location of engineering works such as roads, canals, etc.
(b) In location of water supply, water distribution and to solve the problems of stream pollution.
(c) In planning and designing of dams, reservoirs, aqueducts, transmission lines, etc.
(d) In selection of sites for new industrial plants.
(e) Determining the intervisibility of stations.
(f) Determining the profile of the country along any direction.
(g) To estimate the quantity of cutting, filling, and the capacity of reservoirs.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE CHOICE OF CONTOUR INTERVAL :
 The vertical distance between consecutive contours is termed as contour interval.
 It is desirable to have a constant contour interval throughout the map.
 In special cases, a variable contour interval may also be provided.
 A variable contour interval is, as far as possible avoided since it gives a false impression of
the relative steepness of the ground in different parts of the map.
THE CONTOUR INTERVAL DEPENDS UPON THE FOLLOWING FACTORS :
(i) Scale of the map :
If scale is small, the coutour interval is kept large so that there is no overcrowding of the
contours. On the other hand, if the scale of the map is large, the contour interval can be kept
small.
(ii) Purpose of the map :
The contour interval selected should be small so that the map serves the intended purpose, but
at the same time it should not be too small otherwise the cost of the work would be too much.
The contour interval should be kept small when the plan is required for the detailed design.
(iii) Nature of the ground :
For a flat ground, the contour interval is small, but for a steep slope, the contour interval is large.
If the ground is broken, the contour interval is kept large so that the contours do not come too
close to each other.
(iv) Time :
Contour interval is kept large when time is less.
(v) Funds :
Contour interval is kept large when funds are less.
(c) A closed traverse has the following lengths and bearings :

Line Length (m) Bearings
AB 200.0 Roughly East
BC 98.0 178º
CD Not obtained 270º
DA 86.40 1º
The length CD could not be measured due to some obstruction in chaining. The bearing of AB
could not be taken as station A was badly affected by local attraction. Find the length of CD and
exact bearing of side AB.
Line Length (m) Bearings

AB 200.0 Roughly East
BC 98.0 178º
CD Not obtained 270º
DA 86.40 1º
CD AB
A CD AB
[15 Marks]
Sol. Let the length of the line CD be l and the bearing of line AB be  .
The closed traverse can be shown below.
 B
A
1º
D C 270º
l
Line Length Bearing Latitude Departure

AB 200  200 cos 200 sin
BC 98 178º -97.94 +3.42
CD l 270º lcos270º lsin270º
DA 86.40 1º 86.39 1.51
We know that for a closed traverse.

L  sum of latitudes  0
D  sum of Depatures  0
 200 cos   97.94  l cos 270º 86.39  0
 200 cos   11.55
11.55
or, cos   200
   86º41'21''
Also, 200 sin   3.42  l sin 270º 1.51  0
 200sin86º41'21'' + 3.42 – l + 1.51  0
 l  204.596 m
Thus, the length of the CD is 204.596 m and bearing of AB is 86º41'21''.
(d) The true bearing of a tower T as observed from a station A was 357º; the magnetic bearing of the same
was 9º. The back bearings of the line AB, AC and AD were found to be 286º, 337º and 30º respectively
when measured with a prismatic compass. Find the true bearings of the lines AB, AC and AD respectively.
A T 357º 9º
AB, AC AD 286º, 337º 30º AB, AC AD
[15 Marks]
Sol. Calculation of Magnetic Declination
True North (TN)

T
Magnetic
9º
North (MN) Declination
T-Tower
357º
From figure it is clear that,

Magnetic declination = 9º + 3º = 12 westward
Since back bearing of lines AB, AC, AD are measured from prismatic compass. Hence these are
magnetic bearings.
Computation of magnetic Bearings of Lines :
Fore bearing of line AB = Back bearing of line AB + 180º
= 286º – 180º = 106º
Fore bearing of line AC = Back bearing of line AC – 180º
= 337º – 180º = 157º
Fore bearing of line AD = Back bearing of line AD + 180º
= 30º + 180º = 210º
Note: Back bearing of any line (BB) = Fore bearing of line (FB) ± 180º
If FB < 180º, BB = FB + 180º
If FB > 180º, BB = FB – 180º
Computation of True Bearing :
Since, magnetic declination is towards west.
So, True bearing = Magnetic bearing – Declination
TN
MN
106º
157
0º
º
21
C
D
True bearing of line AB = Magnetic bearing of line AB – Declination
= 106º – 12º = 94º
True bearing of line AC = Magnetic bearing of line AC – Declination
= 157º – 12º = 145°
True bearing of line AD = Magnetic bearing of line AD – Declination
= 210º – 12º = 198º
Q.2
(a) The figure below shows three metal cubes A, B, C of side 100 mm in direct contact, resting on a rigid
base and confined in x-coordinate direction between two rigid end plate. If the upper face of the centre
cube B is subjected to uniform compressive stress of 0.5 kN/mm 2, compute for cube B, the following:
(i) The direct stress in x-direction (x)
(ii) The direct strains in the three coordinates directions x, y and z
(iii) The volumetric strain
A, B, C 100 mm
x- B 0.5 kN/mm2
B
(i) x- (x)
(ii) x, y z
(iii)
2
z = 0.5 kN/mm
z
A B C
2 2 2
E = 150 kN/mm E = 200 kN/mm E = 150 kN/mm Rigid
Rigid
µ = 0.25 µ = 0.3 µ = 0.25 x
y
Rigid
[9+9+2 Marks]
Sol. (i) Since the cubes are confined in x-direction, hence
xA + xB + xC = 0
Where, xA = Change in length of cube A in x-direction
xB = Change in length of cube B in x-direction
xC = Change in length of cube C in x-direction
 xA  xB  xC
  =0
L L L
xA + xB + xC = 0 ...(i)
y = 0
2
y = 0 z = 0.5 kN/mm y = 0
z = 0 z = 0
x x
x A x B x C x
2
z = 0.5 kN/mm
From above FBD, we have,
x x 

 xA = – E ; xB = –  µB z ; xC = – x
A EB EB EC
Putting these values in (i), we get
 x   x     
   µB z    x  = 0
 E A   EB EB   E C 
x  x  
   µB z  x = 0 [  EA = E C]
EA EB EB  C
2 x x 
   µB z = 0
EA E B EB
 2 1   
x    = B z
 EA E B  EB
Direct stress in x-direction,
B z 0.3  0.5
x = = = 0.041 kN/mm2
EB  200 
2· 1 2 1
EA  150 
(ii) Direct strain in x,

x B z   0.041 0.3  0.5
xB = E  E =  = 5.45 × 10 –4
B B EB EB
Direct strain in y,
 B x  B z 0.3  0.041 0.3  0.5

yB =  =  = 8.11 × 10–4
EB EB EB EB
Direct strain in z,
z B x 0.5 0.3  0.041
zB = E  B = E  EB = –2.44 × 10–3
b B
(iii) Volumetric strain,

v = xB + yB + zB
= 5.45 × 10–4 + 8.11 × 10–4 – 2.44 × 10–3 = –1.084 × 10–3
(b) A hollow circular shaft has an outer diameter of 100 mm and a wall thickness of 25 mm. The allowable
shear stress in the shaft is 125 MPa. The maximum torque the shaft can transmit is
100 mm 25 mm
125 MPa
[10 Marks]
Sol. Outer diameter  100 mm
Radius, r0  50 mm
Wall thickness, t  25 mm
di = 50 mm
d0 = 100 mm
Allowable shear stress,
  125 MPa
T 
J  r0
J
T  r
0
125(100 4  50 4 )

32  50
 23.0097 × 106 Nmm  23 kNm
(c) Draw BMD and SFD for the beam shown below :
BMD SFD
8 kN
B w = 2 kN/m
A C D
3m 9m 3m
Rb Rd
[30 Marks]
Sol.
8 kN
B w = 2 kN/m
A C D
3m 9m 3m
Rb Rd
Sign Convention : : : :
Downward loading = —ve

Upward loading = +ve
Reaction Calculation :
From Fy = 0
Rb + Rd = 2 × 12 + 8 = 32 kN
From MB = 0 +
3 9
–2 × 3 × +2 × 9× + 8 × 9 – Rd × 12 = 0
2 2
Rd = 12 kN 
So, Rb = 20 kN 
For span AB [0  x < 3 m]
x 8 kN
B w = 2 kN/m
A C D
3m 9m 3m
Rb Rd
V = –2x
2x 2
M= 
2
at x = 0, V = 0; at x = 3, V = –6 kN
at x = 0, M = 0; at x = 3, M = –9 kN-m
SFD BMD
A B A B
Parabolic
Straight line –6 kN –9 kN-m
For Span BC [3 m  x < 12 m]

x 8 kN
B w = 2 kN/m
A C D
3m 9m 3m
Rb Rd
V = –2x + 20
2x 2
M= + 20(x – 3) ...(i)
2
at x = 3, V = 14 kN; at x = 12, V = –4 kN
at x = 3, M = –9 kN-m; at x = 12, M = 36 kNm
When shear force is zero, then at that point bending moment is maximum/minimum
So, V= 0
–2x + 20 = 0
x = 10 m
at x = 10 m,
2  10 2
M= + 20(10 – 3) = 40 kN-m
2
Putting M = 0 from equation (i)
2x 2
+ 20(x – 3) = 0
2
x = 16.32 (Rejected), 3.67 m
x = 3.67 m point of contraflexure
14 kN
SFD 40 kN-m
BMD Parabolic
0.67
B C B C 36 kN-m
7m
–4 kN
–9 kN-m
7m
For Span CD [12 m  x < 15 m]
8 kN
x
B w = 2 kN/m
A C D
3m 9m 3m
Rb Rd
V = –2 × 12 + 20 – 8 = –12 kN
M = –2 × 12 × (x – 6) + 20(x – 3) – 8 × (x – 12)
at x = 12, V = –12 kN; at x = 15, V = –12 kN
at x = 12, M = 36 kN-m; at x = 15, M = 0
36 kN-m BMD
SFD
–12 kN –12 kN
C D
C D
SFD and BMD
8 kN
B w = 2 kN/m
A C D
3m 9m 3m
Rb Rd
14 kN
SFD
–4 kN
6 kN
12 kN 12 kN
Parabola 40 kN-m
Straight line
BMD 0
9 kN-m
Q.3
(a) What is the difference between force method and displacement method?
[5 Marks]
Sol.
Force Method Displacement Method
1 Also called 1 Also called
Compatibility method or Stiffness method or
Method of consistent deformation or Equilibrium method
Flexibility method
2 Unknowns in this case are Forces (Reaction, BM, 2 Unknowns in this case are Displacement ( )
SF)
3 Force-displacement equation are written and 3 Force-displacement equations are written and
solution for unknown Forces is obtained from solution for unknown Displacement is obtained
Compatibility equations. from Equilibrium equations.
4 Once unknown forces are known. The reactive 4 Once unknown displacements are known, internal
forces like BM, SF etc. are found using forces are found using compatibility and load-
equilibrium equation. displacement equation.
5 Force method of analysis of indeterminate 5 Displacement method is suitable when degree of
structure is suitable when degree of static kinematic indeterminacy is less than degree of
indeterminacy is less than degree of kinematic static indeterminacy.
indeterminacy.
(b) Determine the forces in the members of the truss shown in the figure below :
D
20000 kg
3m
A C
B
3m
F
E
20000 kg
3m 3m 3m
[25 Marks]
Sol.
D 20000 kg
3m
HA A C
B
3m
RA F
E
20000 kg RF
3m 3m 3m
Degree of static indeterminacy of given truss (D S) :
DS = m + re – 2j
m=9
re = 3
j=6
DS = 9 + 3 – 2 × 6 = 0
Degree of external indeterminacy = re – 3
=3–3
=0
Hence, the given truss is statically determinate.
Reaction Calculation :
From Fy = 0
RA + RF = 20000 kg
From FX = 0
HA = 2000 kg
From MA = 0 +
2000 × 3 + 20000 × 6 – RF × 9 = 0
RF = 14000 kg
RA = 6000 kg
Joint A :
PAD
tan   1
A  1
PAB sin  
2000 kg 2
1
cos  
6000 kg 2
  ve sign  Tension 
  ve sign  Compression 
 
Fy = 0 Fx = 0
PAD sin + 6000 = 0 PAB + PAD cos – 2000 = 0
6000 1
PAD = PAB – 6000 2  – 2000 = 0
sin  2
PAD = 6000 2 kg (Compression) PAB = 8000 kg (Tension)
Joint D :
tan   1
D
 1
45º cos  
 2
PDC 1
PDA sin  
2
= –6000 2
PDB
Fy = 0 Fx = 0
PAD sin45º + PDC cos45º + PDB = 0 PDC sin45º = PDA cos45º
PDC
+ PDB – 6000 2  1 = 0 PDC = PDA
2 2
PDC
+ PDB = 6000 PDC = 6000 2 (Compression)
2
6000
  2 + P = 6000
2 DB
PDB = 12000 kg (Tension)

Joint B :
PDB
tan 45º  1
1
PAB PBC cos 45º 
B 45º 2
1
sin 45º 
2
PBE
Fy = 0 Fx = 0
PDB – PBE sin45º = 0 PBC + PBE cos45º – PAB = 0
1 12000 2
PBE × = 12000 PBC + –8000 = 0
2 2
PBE = 12000 2 kg (Tension) PBC = –4000 kg (Compression)
Joint F :
PCF
45º tan 45º  1

1
PEF F cos 45º 
2
1
sin 45º 
2
14000 kg
Fy = 0 Fx = 0
PCF sin45º + 14000 = 0 PCF cos45º + PEF = 0
14000 14000 2
PCF =   + PEF = 0
sin 45º 2
PCF = 14000 2 kg PEF = 14000 kg (Tension)

(Compression)
Joint E :
PCE
PBE
tan 45º  1
45º
1
PEF cos 45º 
E 2
1
sin 45º 
2
20000 kg
Fy = 0
PCE + PBE cos45º – 20000 = 0
1
PCE + 12000 2 × – 20000 = 0
2
PCE = 8000 kg (Tension)
Hence, the forces in the numbers of truss are as shown below :
D 2000 kg
6000 2 kg
6000 2 kg
12000 kg 3m
HA= 2000 kg
A C
8000 kg B 4000 kg
14000 2 kg
8000 kg 3m
12000 2 kg
RA= 6000 kg F
E 14000 kg
20000 kg
RF = 14000 kg
3m 3m 3m
[All values in kg]
(c) A continuous beam 'ABCD' consists of three spans, AB = 6m, BC = 5 m and CD = 5 m. AB is loaded with
uniformly distributed load of 3 kN/m. Two concentrated loads of 10 kN each, acts at mid points of the
spans 'BC' and 'CD'. Supports A and D are fixed. Determine the bending moments at supports by slope-
deflection method.
'ABCD' AB = 6m, BC = 5 m CD = 5 m AB 3 kN/m
10 kN 'BC' 'CD'
A D
[25 Marks]
Sol.
10 kN 10 kN
3 kN/m
A B C D
2.5m 2.5m 2.5m 2.5m
6m 5m 5m
(A) Fixed end moment
– wl 2 –3  6 2
M FAB    –9 kN  m
12 12
 wl 2 3  6 2
M FBA    9 kN  m
12 12
– wl –10  5
M FBC    –6.25kN  m
8 8
wl 10  5
M FCB     6.25 kN  m
8 8
M FCD  – wl  –10  5  – 6.25 kN  m

8 8
wl 10  5
M FDC     6.25 kN  m
8 8
(b) Slope deflection equations:
A and D are zero because end A & D are fixed.
2EI
MAB   B  – 9 ...(i)
6
2EI
MBA   2 B   9 ...(ii)
6
2EI
MBC   2B  C  – 6.25 ...(iii)
5
2EI
MCB   2C  B   6.25 ...(iv)
5
2EI
MCD   2C  – 6.25 ....(v)
5
2EI
MDC  C   6.25 ...(vi)
5
(c) Equilibrium Equation:-
at joint B, MBA+ MBC  0
2EI 2EI
 2B   9   2 B  C  – 6.25  0
6 5
 4 4 2 
EI  B  B  C   2.75  0
 6 5 5 
 22 2 
EI  B  C   2.75  0 . ....(vii)
 15 5 
at joint C, MCB + MCD  0
2EI 2EI
 2C  B   6.25   2C  – 6.25  0
5 5
3EI
 4 C  B   0
5
8 2 
EI  C  B   0 ...(viii)
 5 5 
By eqation (7) and (8)
–165 165
B  C 
82EI 328EI
After substitiote B & C is slope deflection equations.

MAB  –9.67 kN-m MBA  + 7.65 kN–m
MBC  –7.65 kN–m MCB  +5.84 kN–m
MCD  –5.84 kN–m MDC  +6.45 kN–m
10 kN 10 kN
3 kN/m
A B C D
9.67 7.67 7.67 6.45
5.84 5.84
6m 5m 5m
13.5 kN-m
12.5 kN–m 12.5 kN–m
+ 7.67 kN–m
+ 5.84 kN–m +
9.67 kN–m – – – – – – 6.45 kN–m
(d) Sketch the elastic curve for the frame as shown.
P
2m
2m
P
2m 4m 2m
[5 Marks]
Sol.
Elastic Curve
P P
Curved
Anti symmetry, point
of contraflexure
2m 4m 2m
Q.4
(a) Determine the safe load for a column of T-section as shown in figure. Length of the column is 8 m. The
column is fixed at one end & hinged at another end. Take E = 200 GN/m 2
All dimension are in mm.
T- ( ) 8 m,
E = 200 GN/m2
mm
y
100 m
20
160
x x'
10
y'
[15 Marks]
Sol. Let centroid be at a depth y from tob fibre.
100  20  10  140  10  (70  20)
y 
100  20  140  10
y  42.94 m.
3 3
Ixx   100  20  100  20  (42.94  10) 2    10  140  140  10  (90  42.94) 2 
 12   12 
6 4
Ixx  7.62 × 10 mm
3 3
Iyy  20  100  140  10
12 12
Iyy  1.678 × 106
Since Imin  Iyy  1.678 × 106 mm4
 One end is fixed at another is hinged, the effective length (L e) is

L 8  10 3
Leff    5656.85 mm
2 2
& E  200 × 1000 N/mm2
 2 .E.I
 Critical load (Pcr)  L 2
e
 2  200  10 3  1.678  10 6
Pcr  (5656.85)2
Pcr  103.50 kN
(b) Determine the area between the survey line, irregular boundary line and first and the
last offsets by applying Simpson's rule.
O8=5.6
4.0
O7=5.2
O5 = 4.8
O =
O4 = 3.8
O3 = 3.6
6
O2 = 2.2
O 1= 0
10m 10m 10m 10m 10m 10m 10m 10m
[12 Marks]
Sol. Simpson rule is applicable for odd numbers of offsets. If these are even numbers of offsets, either
first block or last block area is calculated using trapezoidal rule and simply added.
Area of last block,
O8=5.6
O7=5.2
4.0
O5 = 4.8
O =
O4 = 3.8
6
O3 = 3.6
O2 = 2.2
O 1= 0
10m 10m 10m 10m 10m 10m 10m 10m
1
A0  (O 7  O8 ) 10
2
1
 (5.2  5.6) 10  54m 2
2
Area of remaining portions,
d
A  [(O1  O 7 )  4(O 2  O 4  O 6 )  2(O 3  O 5 )]
3
10
 [(0  5.2)  4(2.2  3.8  4.0)  2(3.6  4.8)]
3
 206.67m 2
Total area,
AT  A  A 0  206.67  54  260.67m 2
(c) A beam of span L is subjected to a concentrated load W at the centre. Design the beam of uniform strength
by (i) keeping width constant and varying the depth, (ii) keeping the depth constant and varying
the width.
L W (i)
(ii)
[15 Marks]
Sol. (i) When width is constant :
b
x w
A B
l l N A
d
w 2 2 w
RA  RB 
2 2 x-section of beam
The B.M at any section at a distance x 
W
x.
Mx 
2
If width is constant throughout the length of depth is variable, then x-section of beam at distance x.
dx
Beam of constant strength means at every section moment of resistance of section should be equal to
bending moment developed at the section. i.e. -
bd2x W
.per  .x | per  permissible stress
6 2
3W
 dx   .b .x
per
(ii) When depth is constant : then x-section of beam at distance x 

bx
Now equating moment of resistance to the bending moment at x,

bx .d 2 W
.per.  .x
6 2
 3W 
 bx    .d 2  .x
 per 
(d) (i) Write the factor on which sensitiveness of a bubble tube depends ?
(ii) A level instruments bubble tube was found to have a sensitiveness of of 20'' per 1 mm division.
Find the error in staff reading on vertically held staff at distance of 100 m caused by bubble 4
divisions out of centre.
(i)
(ii) 20'' 1 mm
4 100 m
[9+9 Marks]
Sol. (i) The sensitiveness of a bubble tube depends upon the following :
(I) The radius of curvature of the internal surface i.e., larger the radius greater is the sensitiveness.
(II) The diameter of the bubble i.e., the larger the diameter, the greater the sensitiveness.
(III)The length of the bubble i.e., the larger the length greater is the sensitiveness.
(IV)The viscosity and surface tension of the liquid i.e., lesser the viscosity more is its sensitiveness.
(V) Smoothness of the finish of the tube’s internal surface i.e., greater the smoothness more is the
sensitivity.
(VI)Length of one division i.e., greater the length of one division more is the sensitiveness.
Note:
The sensitivity of the Bubble tube is given by the following expression
S l
 = =
nD R
where
 = Sensitivity of the bubble tube i.e. angle of rotation in radian due to
one division of movement of the bubble.
n = Divisions moved by bubble.
l = Length of one division.
S = Staff intercept.
And it is given
S = S2 – S1
where
S1 = Staff reading when the bubble is exactly at the center or actual staff reading.
S2 = Staff reading when bubble moves some n divisions.
R = Radius of curvature of the Bubble Tube.
(ii)
S

 C
O
D
Here,   Angle between line of sights in radians

D  Distance of instrument from staff
n  Number of divisions through which bubble is moved.
S  Staff intercept
S  l
    
nD  R 
l S
 
R nD
l S
     206265 (in seconds)
R nD
nD 20'' 4  100
 S   0.0388 m
206265 206265
Q.5
(a) Discuss the process of indirect ranging.
[10 Marks]
Sol. Indirect or Reciprocal ranging is resorted to when both the ends of the survey line are not intervisible
either due to high intervening ground or due to long distance between them. In such a case, ranging
is done indirectly by selecting two intermediate point M 1 and N 1 very near to the chain line (by
judgement) in such a way that from M 1, both N1 and B are visible (Figure) and from N 1, both M1 and A
are visible.
Two surveyors stations themselves at M 1 and N1 with ranging rods. The person at M 1 then directs the
person at N1 to move to a new position N 2 in line M1B. The person at N2 then directs the person at M 1
to move to a new position M2 in line with N2A. Thus, the two persons are now at M 2 and N2 which are
nearer to the chain line than the positions M 1 and N1. The process is repeated till the points M and N
are located in such a way that the person at M finds the person at N in line with MB, and the person
at N finds the person at M in line with NA. After having established M and N, other points can be
fixed by direct ranging.
M N
A B
M N
A
M3
N3
M2
N2
M1
N1
Figure Reciprocal Ranging
(b) In a preliminary survey a line was run from a bench mark of RL 454.650 and following readings were
obtained.
BS 2.545 3.865 2.670 1.125
FS 1.365 2.945 1.885
From the last position of instrument, five pags at 20 m intervals are to be set out on a uniformly
rising gradient of 1 in 40. The first peg is to have an RL of 455. 110. Work out staff readings
required for setting the tops of each of the pegs on given gradient and enter them in a level book
page.
RL 454.650
BS 2.545 3.865 2.670 1.125
FS 1.365 2.945 1.885
20 m 40 1
455 RL 110
[20 Marks]
Sol. The page of level book is prepared as follows :
Station BS IS FS HI RL Remarks
1 2.545 - - 457.195 454.650 BM
2 3.865 - 1.365 459.695 455.83 CP
3 2.670 - 2.945 459.42 456.75 CP
4 1.125 - 1.885 458.70 457.575 CP
RL of station 1  454.65
Back sight at station 1  2.545
HI  454.65 + 2.545  457.195
RL of station 2  HI – FS at station 2  457.195 – 1.365  455.83
The first peg is fixed with RL of 455.110.
distance
Difference in elevation/Level between two consecutive readings 
gradient
20
  0.50 m rising between consecutive pegs.
40
Station BS IS FS HI RL Remarks
4 1.125 1.885 458.70 457.575 CP
5 455.110 Peg 1
6 3.590 455.610 Peg 2
7 3.090 456.110 Peg 3
8 2.590 456.610 Peg 4
9 2.090 1.590 457.10 Peg 5
Check BS  FS Last RL – First RL

= 10.205 – 7.785 = 2.42 = 457.110 – 454.650 = 2.46
(c) A vertical load W is applied to the rigid cantilever frame shown in figure. Assuming EI to be constant
throughout the frame, determine the horizontal and vertical displacement of the point C. Neglect axial
deformation.
W EI C
B C
W
L/2
A
[22 Marks]
Sol. Vertical deflection of C : The vertical deflection of C is given by
B C
W
L/2
U 1 M x
 CV    Mx dx ....(1)
W EI W
For BC, measuring x from C,
Mx  –W. x
M x L
–
W 2
Substituting the, values in (1), we get
L/2 L/2 L
1   Wx 3   WL2  
L
1  WL L 
 CV    W x.x dx   . dx      x 
EI  0 0 2 2  EI   3 0  4 0 

1  WL3 WL3  7WL3

   
EI  24 4  24 EI
B C P
W
L/2
(b)Horizontal deflection of C : To compute the horizontal deflection, apply fictitions horizontal

load P at C, as shown in figure.
Then
U 1 M x
 CH    Mx .dx ....(2)
P EI P
For BC, measuring x from C,
M x
Mx  – W. x; 0
P
For BA, measuring x from B,
WL M x
Mx  – – P.x. ;  –x
2 P
Substituting the values in (2), we get
L/2 L 2 L
1   WL  1  WLx Px 3 
 CH    –W.x  0  dx     P.x.     
EI  0 0 2  EI  4 3 0
Applying the limits and putting P  0, we get

1 WL3 WL3
 CH  . 
EI 4 4EI
(d) State the different types of structures based on type of joints?
[8 Marks]
Sol. There are two types of structures based on joints.
(a) Pin Jointed Structures : Members of structure are connected by means of pin joints. These
frames support the loads by developing only axial forces.
(b) Rigid Jointed Structures : The points in the structure are assumed to be rigid i.e. (angles
between members meeting at a joint remain unchanged). These structures resist external load
by developing shear force, bending moment, axial force and twisting moment.
Q.6
(a) A continuous beam ABCD, 12 m long is fixed at A and D, and is loaded as shown in figure below.
Analyse the beam completely if the following movements take place simultaneously.
1
(i) The end A yields, turning through radians in a clockwise direction.
250
(ii) End B sinks 30 mm in downward direction.
(iii) End C sinks 20 mm in downward direction.
The beam has constant I = 38.20 × 10 5 mm4 and E  2 × 105 N/mm2.
ABCD, 12 m A D (a)
1
(i) A =
250
(ii) B 30 mm
(iii) C 20 mm
I = 38.20 × 10 mm4
5
E = 2 × 105 N/mm2
8 kN 6 kN
A 4 kN/m D
B C
2.5m 2.5m 3m 2m 2m
[25 Marks]
Sol. (a) Fixed end moments
8 kN 6 kN
A 4 kN/m D
B C (a)
2.5m 2.5m 3m 2m 2m
8.0 kN-m
6.39 kN-m
1.95
10 0.83 4.5 6 (b)
A D
(c)
B C
8  5
MFAB    5.0 kN  m
8
8 5
MFBA    5.0 kN  m
8
2
MFBC   4  3  3.0 kN  m
12
4  32
MFCB    3.0 kN  m
12
64
MFCD    3.0 kN  m
8
MFDC   6  4  3.0 kN  m
8
(b) Slope deflection equations
All the unknowns are assumed to be positive.
I 30 3 1
For AB, K  ;R    ; A  
5 5000 500 250
2EI  2 9 
 MAB    B    5.0 ...(1)
5  250 500 
2EI  1 9 
and MBA   2 B     5.0 ...(2)
5  250 500 
I 30  20 1
For BC, K  ;R   
3 3000 300
2EI  31 
 MBC   2B  C    3.0 ....(3)
3  300 
2EI  31 
and MCB   2 C   B    3.0 ...(4)
3  300 
I 20 2
For CD, K  ;R    and D  0
4 4000 400
2EI  3 2 
 MCD   2 C    3.0 ...(5)
4  400 
2EI  32 
and MDC   C    3.0 ...(6)
4  400 
(c) Equilibrium equations : There are two unknowns B and C . Thus two simultaneous equations
will be required which will be provided by the conditions of equilibrium at joints B and C.
At joint B,MBA + MBC  0
2EI  1 9  2EI  3 
  2B    5  2 B   C    3.0  0
5  250 500  3  300 
32 2 4
or EIB  EIC  EI  2.0  0
15 3 3750
5 EI 15
or EIB  EIC    0 ....(7)
16 2000 16
At joint C, MCB + MCD  0
2EI  3  2EI  3 2 
  2 C   B  3  2 C    3.0  0
3  300  4  400 
7 2 17
or EIC  EIB  EI  0
3 3 1200
or 7 17
EIB  EIC  EI  0 ....(8)
2 800
Substracting Eq. (8) from Eq. (7),
5 EI 15 7 17 51 83 15
EIC    EIC  EI  0 or  EIC  EI 
16 2000 16 2 800 16 4000 16
2  10 5 2 38.2  10 5 2
But EI  1000  (1000)  (1000) 4  764 kN  m
51 83 15
   764C   764  ...(i)
16 4000 16
or C  –6.124 × 10–3 radians
Subtituting the value of C in Eq.,
7 17
EIB  EI(6.124  10 3 )  EI  0
2 800
or B  0.184 × 10–3 radians. ...(ii)
(d) Final moments : Substituting the values of B and C in eq. (1) to (6), we get the values of
moments at the supports :
2  764  2 9 
MAB    0.184  10 3    5.0  8.0 kN  m
5  250 500 
2  764  3 1 9 
MBA   2  0.184  10     5.0  0.83kN  m
5  250 500 
2  764  3 3 3 
MBC   2  0.184  10  6.124  10    3.0  0.83kN  m
3  300 
2  764  3 3 3 
MCB   2  6.124  10  0.184  10    3.0  1.95kN  m
3  300 
2  764  3 6 
MCD   2  6.124  10    3.0  1.95kN  m
4  400 
2  764  3 6 
MDC   6.124  10    3.0  6.39 kN  m
4  400 
The bending moment diagram and the deflected shape of the beam are shown in Fig. (b) and (c)
respectively.
(b) Write the Euler's Column formula for the following conditions.
(i) Both ends are fixed
(ii) One end is fixed and other end is free
(i)
(ii)
[5 Marks]
Sol. (i) When both the ends are fixed

l
l
leff 
2
Euler's bucking load 
2 .E.I min 2 EImin 42 EI min

Pbuckling   2

leff 2
l l2
 
2
Where E  Modulus of elasticity
Imin  Minimum moment of inertia
(ii) One end is fixed and other end is free
leff  2l
 2 E.I min . l
Pbuckling 
(2 l )2
2 .E.I min
Pbuckling 
4l 2
(c) The combined angle and channel section given below forms part of a runway beam. Calculate
(i) Coordinate of the centroid (ii) Second moment of area about X-X
(iii) Second moment of area about Y-Y (iv) Product of inertia
(i) (ii) X-X

(iii) Y-Y (iv)
30mm 60mm
5 mm
10 mm
x O
X
100 mm
Y
5 mm
5 mm
60mm
[25 Marks]
Sol. Dividing the whole arrangement into five parts of area A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 and taking O' as reference
point (origin)
Y
30mm 60mm
O'
5 mm
A1 A3
A2
O
X 5 mm X
Y
A4
60 mm
5 mm
5 mm
A5
Y
Area A1  30 × 5  150 mm2 x1  15 mm, y1  2.5 mm
2
Area A2  35 × 5  175 mm x2  27.5 mm, y 2  22.5 mm
Area A3  60 × 5  300 mm2 x 3  60 mm, y 3  2.5 mm
2
Area A4  90 × 5  450 mm x4  32.5 mm, y 4  50 mm
Area A5  60 × 5  300 mm2 x 5  60 mm, y 5  97.5 mm
(i) Coordinate of centroid
A 1  x1  A 2 x 2  A 3 x3  A 4 x 4  A 5 x 5
x 
A 1  A 2  A3  A 4  A 5
(150  15)  (175  27.5)  (300  60)  (450  32.5)  (300  60)

150  175  300  300  450  300
 41.95 mm
A 1  y1  A 2 y 2  A 3 y3  A 4 y4  A 5 y5
y 
A1  A2  A3  A 4  A5
(150  2.5)  (175  22.5)  (300  2.5)  (450  50)  (300  97.5)

150  175  300  450  300
 41.32 m
 Coordinate of the centroid of the area are 41.95 mm and 41.32 mm
(ii) Second moment of area about x-x
Coordinate or centroids of each area with respect to new origin O.
 x 1  (41.95  15)  26.95 mm

A1  
 y 1  (41.32  2.5)  38.82 mm
 x 2  (41.95  27.5)  14.45mm

A2  
 y 2  (41.32  22.5)  18.82 mm
 x 3  (60  41.95)  18.05 mm

A3  
 y 3  (41.32  2.5)  38.82 mm
 x4  (41.95  32.5)  9.45mm

A4  
 y 4  (50  41.32)  8.68 mm
 x 5  (60  41.95)  18.05mm

A5  
 y 5  (97.5  41.32)  56.18 mm
We know, Ix  I xself  Ay 2
30  53 5  35 3 60  5 3 5  90 3 60  5 3
I xself       0.323  10 6 mm 4
12 12 12 12 12
Ay 2  (150 × 38.822) + (175 × 18.822) + (300 × 38.822) + [450 × (–8.68)2] + [300 × (–56.18)2]
 1.71 × 106 mm4
2
Hence, Ix  I x self  Ay  0.323 × 106 + 1.71 × 106 mm4  2.04 × 106 mm4
(iii) Second moment of area about y-y :
Iy   I y self   A x 2
5  30 2 35  5 3 5  60 3 90  5 3 5  60 3
I y self       1.81 × 105 mm4
12 12 12 12 12
Ax 2  [150 × (–26.95)2 + [175 × (–14.45)2 + (300 × 18.052) + [450 × (–9.45)2] + (300 × 18.05)2]]
 3.91 × 105 mm4
Hence, Iy  1.81 × 105 + 3.91 × 105  5.73 × 105 mm4
(iv) Product of inertia :
Ixy  (I xy )self  Axy
(I xy )self will be zero for each area area because each are is symmetrical about its own centroidal axes.
Ixy  Axy
 [150 × (–26.95) × 38.82] + [175 × (–14.45) × 18.82] + [300 × 18.05 × 38.82]
+ [450 × (–9.45 × (–8.68)] + [300 × 18.05 × (–56.18)]
 –26.16 × 104 mm4
(d) What are the different methods used for the analysis of indeterminate structure and mention which
method when is best suitable?
[5 Marks]
Sol. Force method and Displacement method are the two methods used for analysis of structures.
If Ds < Dk  Then force method is best suitable.
If Dk < Ds  Then displacement method is best suitable.
Example of force method :
• Castigliano's theorem (method of least work)
• Strain energy thorem
• Flexibility matrix method
• Unit load method/virtual work method
• Column analogy method
• Clapeyron's three moment equation method.
Example of displacement method :
• Moment distribution method
• Slope deflection method
• Kani's method
• Stiffness matrix method

SSC Je Mains Test Series Paper With Solution424

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SSC-JE Mains Test Series 2022

(c) A closed traverse has the following lengths and bearings :

Line Length (m) Bearings

Line Length Bearing Latitude Departure

We know that for a closed traverse.

True North (TN)

From figure it is clear that,

True bearing of line AB = Magnetic bearing of line AB – Declination

Direct stress in x-direction,

(ii) Direct strain in x,

 B x  B z 0.3  0.041 0.3  0.5

(iii) Volumetric strain,

Downward loading = —ve

For Span BC [3 m  x < 12 m]

SFD and BMD

PAD = 6000 2 kg (Compression) PAB = 8000 kg (Tension)

PDB = 12000 kg (Tension)

PBE = 12000 2 kg (Tension) PBC = –4000 kg (Compression)

45º tan 45º  1

PCF = 14000 2 kg PEF = 14000 kg (Tension)

Hence, the forces in the numbers of truss are as shown below :

M FCD  – wl  –10  5  – 6.25 kN  m

After substitiote B & C is slope deflection equations.

(d) Sketch the elastic curve for the frame as shown.

 One end is fixed at another is hinged, the effective length (L e) is

(ii) When depth is constant : then x-section of beam at distance x 

Now equating moment of resistance to the bending moment at x,

Here,   Angle between line of sights in radians

Figure Reciprocal Ranging

Check BS  FS Last RL – First RL

1  WL3 WL3  7WL3

(b)Horizontal deflection of C : To compute the horizontal deflection, apply fictitions horizontal

Applying the limits and putting P  0, we get

(d) State the different types of structures based on type of joints?

Sol. (i) When both the ends are fixed

2 .E.I min 2 EImin 42 EI min

(i) (ii) X-X

 x 1  (41.95  15)  26.95 mm

 x 2  (41.95  27.5)  14.45mm

 x 3  (60  41.95)  18.05 mm

 x4  (41.95  32.5)  9.45mm

 x 5  (60  41.95)  18.05mm

We know, Ix  I xself  Ay 2

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