§ Hypothesis Testing for the Proportion with Large Samples

Two-Tail Hypothesis Test

p = is the proportion of population

Remember Given n a natural number, let f  p = data all pob  f ob

When np;nq > 5 then f  p is normal distribution

 pq 
f  p  N  p; 
 n 
Hypothesis testing:

 H 0 : p  p0

 H1 : p  p0
Suppose H0 true.

f  p f  p0
The test statistic: Z    N  0;1
pq p0 q0
n n
f ob  p0
Z ob 
p0 q0
n

Two-Tail Hypothesis Test

Reject Ho Reject Ho

Do Not Reject Ho
W   ;  z /2    z /2 ;   reject region (miền hiếm = miền bác bỏ)

If zob W   ;  z /2    z /2 ;   , we conclusion zob = rare, then sample is

happen rare. Imply that the suppose is not true. Must accept H1.

If zob W   ;  z /2    z /2 ;   : accept H0.

Example: Suppose we want to check if 50% of the students at CSUF are male. Further,
if we collect a sample of 200 people at random from CSUF and find that 47% are male
and we want to test our hypothesis at the = 5% level of significance. We would state
the hypothesis as:
: = 0.50
: ≠ 0.50
Where is the proportion of students at CSUF that are male.

Phạm Hà Phương về nhà học bài

Đoàn Thanh Xuân về nhà học bài
Suppose H0 true:

f  p f  p0
The test statistic: Z    N  0;1
pq p0 q0
n n
f ob  pob  47%; n  200
f ob  p0 47%  50%
Z ob    0.85
p0 q0 0.5*0.5
n 200
W   ;  z /2    z /2 ;   reject region (miền hiếm = miền bác bỏ)

W   ; 196   1.96;  

 Reject Ho Do not Reject Ho Reject Ho

–1.96 1.96 z
-0.86 test statistic

Conclusion: accept H0.

Similar we have: test claim “ p  p0 ” .

One-Tail Hypothesis Test (right test)

 H 0 : p  p0

 H1 : p  p0

Do not Reject Ho Reject Ho


 1.645 z

2.16 test statistic

If zob  W   z ;   , we conclusion zob = rare, then sample is happen rare. Imply

that the suppose is not true. Reject H0. Must accept H1.

If zob W  z ;   : accept H0.

One-Tail Hypothesis Test (left test) : test claim “ p  p0 ” .

 H 0 : p  p0

 H1 : p  p0
If zob W   ;  z  , we conclusion zob = rare, then sample is happen rare.
Imply that the suppose is not true. Must accept H1.
If zob  W : accept H0.

Example 2
Suppose we want to check if more than 30% of the US population has an iPhone.
Further, if we collect a sample of 150 people at random from the population and find
that 38% have iPhones and we want to test our hypothesis at the = 5% level of
significance.

is the proportion of people in the US population with an i-Phone.

We would state the hypothesis as:
: = 0.30
: > 0.30 (need to test p>30%)

p0  30%; pob  38%.

pob  p0 38%  30%
Z ob    2.13
p0 q0 0.3*0.7
n 150
We can look up the critical value to be = % = 1.645

Do not Reject Ho Reject Ho


 1.645 z

2.16 test statistic

zob W   z ;   . Reject H0. Must accept H1.
8 Hypothesis Testing with Two Independent Samples

Population 1: N   ; 
1
2
1

Population 2: N   ; 
2
2
2

Test claim “mean of population 1 = mean of population 2”

H 0 : 1   2
H1 : 1   2
Theorem: Given n1 ; n2 two natural numbers.

Let X 1  X 2 = data all of x1ob  x 2 ob . Conlusion:

If n1 ; n2  30 or X 1 ; X 2 = normal distribution then

 2 2 
X 1  X 2  N  1   2 ; 1  2 
 n1 n2 
Suppose H0 true.

  12  22  X1  X 2
X 1  X 2  N  0;  Z   N  0;1
 n1 n2 
2
1  2 2

n1 n2

X 1ob  X 2 ob
Z ob 
 12  22

n1 n2
 Two-Tail Hypothesis Test

Reject Ho Reject Ho

Do Not Reject Ho

If zob W   ;  z /2    z /2 ;   , we conclusion zob = rare, then sample is

happen rare. Imply that the suppose is not true. Reject H0. Must accept H1.

If zob W   ;  z /2    z /2 ;   : accept H0.

Similar for right test

The hypothesis could be stated as:

H 0 : 1   2
H1 : 1   2
Equivalent,

H 0 : 1  2  0
H1 : 1   2  0
Suppose Ho true,

X 1ob  X 2 ob
Z ob 
 12  22

n1 n2

One-Tail Hypothesis Test

Reject Ho

Do Not Reject Ho

0
Mean Increase in Test Score
If zob  W   z ;   , we conclusion zob = rare, then sample is happen rare. Imply
that the suppose is not true. Must accept H1.

If zob W  z ;   : accept H0.

Similar for left test

The hypothesis could be stated as:

H 0 : 1   2
H1 : 1   2
Equivalent,

H 0 : 1  2  0
H1 : 1   2  0
Suppose Ho true,

X 1ob  X 2 ob
Z ob 
 12  22

n1 n2

If zob W   ;  z  , we conclusion zob = rare, then sample is happen rare.
Imply that the suppose is not true. Must accept H1.

If zob  W : accept H0.

Example
Suppose we conduct an experiment on two different types of cat food. “Booster” cat
food is supposed to increase the weight of a cat as compared to normal cat food.
Summarized results:
Average Weight Sample Standard Sample
Population of cats in kilos Deviation Size
___
X s n

Booster Food 2.4 0.6 50

Normal Food 2.1 0.8 60

We assume that the two sample sets of cats are independent. There is no relationship
between them.

Note : when  1 ;  2 unknown and n1 ; n2  30 then we replace  1 ;  2 by s1 ; s2 .

1  mean weight of cat use Booster

 2  mean weight of cat use normal food

The hypothesis could be stated as:

H 0 : 1   2
H1 : 1   2
(right test).

X 1ob  X 2 ob 2.4  2.1

Z ob   =2.24
2 2 2 2
 1 2 0.6 0.8
 
n1 n2 50 60
We can look up the critical value to be = % = 1.645

Reject Ho
Do NOT reject Ho

Z
0 1.645
2.24

Reject H0. Accept H1.