BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

THE NATIONAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Department of Electronics Engineering
B.S. in Aerospace Engineering

ENGINEERING DATA
ANALYSIS MATH 403

FINAL PROJECT

FIRST NAME MI.

SURNAME AERO 0000

NAME
INSTRUCTOR

DATE
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan, Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 loc. 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: ceafa@g.batstate-u.edu.ph | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Engineering – Department of Electronics Engineering

LESSON

CORRELATION

CORRELATION: Meaning and Uses of Correlation

Correlation – is a measure of relationship between two variables. Coefficient of correlation - determines validity, reliability, and
objectivity of an examination prepared. It also indicates the amount of agreement or disagreement between groups of scores,
measurements, or individuals.

Correlation ranges in value from +1.00 through 0.00 up to -1.00.

Interpretation of ranges is shown below.

±0.00 to ± 0.20 – slightly correlation, almost negligible relationship
±0.21 to ± 0.40 – slightly correlation, definite but small relationship
±0.41 to ± 0.70 – moderate correlation, substantial relationship
±0.71 to ± 0.90 – high correlation, marked relationship
±0.91 to ± 1.00 – very high correlation, very dependable relationship

Computing the coefficient of correlation by the Spearman’s Formula:

Where:
R = is the coefficient of correlation by Spearman’s Formula 1 = is
constant
6 = is constant (The constant 1 and 6 in the formula do not change)
ƩG – is the sum of the column G
N – is the number of pairs of scores or measures
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan, Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 loc. 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: ceafa@g.batstate-u.edu.ph | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Engineering – Department of Electronics Engineering

The following steps are as follows:
1. Write the sores of the 18 female students in English under column Test x and in Mathematics under column Test y.
2. Rank the scores under column Test x with the highest score as rank 1 and the lowest scores as rank 18 (considering that
there are only twelve female students involved). Write the ranks of the scores under Test x in column Rx which means
rank of x
3. Rank the scores under column Test y with the highest score as rank 1 and the lowest score as rank 18.
4. Subtract the Ry values from Rx values.
5. Write the difference between the values under the Rx and Ry columns under column G, which means gain. In this case,
consider only the positive values.
6. Get the sum of the values under column G and call this ƩG.

Finally, substitute the values in the original formula

Table 1.1

Students Test x Test y Rx Ry G

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan, Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 loc. 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: ceafa@g.batstate-u.edu.ph | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Engineering – Department of Electronics Engineering

The coefficient of correlation by Product Moment Method

Computing the coefficient of correlation by Product Moment Method

Where:
𝑟𝑥𝑦 = is the coefficient of correlation by the product-Moment Method

Ʃ𝒅𝒙𝒅𝒚 - is the sum of column 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦

∑ 𝑑2 - is the sum of column 𝑑2
𝑥 𝑥
∑ 𝑑 - is the sum of column 𝑑
2 2
𝑦 𝑦
The following steps are as follows:
1. Get the total data under Test x and Test y.
∑𝑥
2. Get the mean of test x: 𝑥̅ =
𝑛
∑𝑦
3. Get the mean of test y: 𝑦̅ =
𝑛
4. Get the deviations 𝑑𝑥 and 𝑑𝑦 by getting the difference between the mean and the score.
5. Square 𝑑𝑥 to obtain 𝑑2 and 𝑑𝑦 to obtain 𝑑2
𝑥 𝑦
6. Get the summation of 𝑑2 and 𝑑2
𝑥 𝑦
7. Get the product of 𝑑𝑥 and 𝑑𝑦 to have 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
8. Get the Ʃ𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
9. Apply the formula

Table 1.2

Students Test x Test y 𝑑 𝑥( 𝑥 − 𝑥 ) ̅ 𝑑𝑦 (𝑦 − 𝑦̅ ) 𝑑𝑥2 𝑑𝑦2 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan, Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 loc. 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: ceafa@g.batstate-u.edu.ph | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Engineering – Department of Electronics Engineering

Computing the coefficient of correlation by the use of the Spearman’s rho (Rank-difference Method)
The Spearman rank correlation (𝑟𝑠) is calculated by ranking the observations for each of the two
variables andthen computing the Pearson correlation on the ranks. When ties are encountered, the average
rank is used

This produces a correlation coefficient which has a maximum value of 1, indicating a perfect positive
association between the ranks, and a minimum value of -1, indicates no association between the ranks
for the observed valuesof x and y.
Where:
𝝆( rho) – is the coefficient of correlation by the
Rank-Difference Method1 – is constant
6 – is constant (the constant 1 and 6 in the formula do not change)
Ʃ𝐷2 – is the sum of the column D²
N – is the sum of pairs of scores or measures.

The following steps are as follows:

1. Follow the same steps from 1 to 3.
2. Find the difference between the two sets of ranks or values under columns Rx and Ry. It does not matter if the
differenceis found by subtracting the Rx values from Ry values or Ry values from the Rx values as long as
you subtract the larger value from the smaller value.

3. Write the difference between the values under the Rx and Ry columns under d, which means
difference.
4. Square the value under column D and write the results under column D².

5. Get the sum of the values under column D² and call this Ʃ𝐷2.

Table 1.3
Students Test x Test y Rx Ry D D²

Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives, Building the

PROBLEM:
A. Compute the coefficient of correlation by the use of the (a) Spearman’s formula, (b) Product Moment formula
& (c) Spearman’s rho (Rank-difference Method) by using the table showing the scores of 18 female students on
two short quizzes in English (X) and Mathematics (Y). (Create a table to show the data computed specific for a, b &
c)

Students Test x Test y Rx Ry G

1 83 71 5 8
2 67 68 12.5 10.5 2
3 46 60 18 17 1
4 68 81 11 6 5
5 91 82 2.5 4.5
6 91 87 2.5 1.5 1
7 50 52 16.5 18
8 75 77 6 7
9 86 83 4 3 1
10 71 82 8.5 4.5 4
11 71 68 8.5 10.5
12 50 68 16.5 10.5 6
13 67 64 12.5 14.5
14 55 64 15 14.5 .5
15 71 68 8.5 10.5
16 59 61 14 16
17 94 87 1 1.5
18 71 66 8.5 13

B. Interpret the data from (a), (b) & (c). Please refer to the Lesson.

Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives, Building the