Implications to Education

Students are labeled to be achievers and non-achievers

according to their status in society.
Symbolic Interactionalist (George Mead)
Sociology is a social science that studies human
Major Concepts
societies, their interactions, and the
processes that preserve and change This theory focuses on how people share symbols and
them. construct society because of their everyday interactions.
Sociologists provide schools with information and Uses cultural symbols, such as word and non-verbal body
recommendations that may be of great language and gestures during interaction. Through this
help to the educational system, from the process, people develop a sense of self and create a
simplest to the complex interaction reality with others.
between the students and the teacher, to
Implications to Education
the interaction between the school and
society. Students learn through interaction how they are different
from others based on individual experiences, social class
Theoretical Perspective in the Sociology of Education
and status.
Functionalist ( Talcott Parsons)
Cultural Capital (Pierre Bourdieu)
Major Concepts
Major Concepts
This theory focuses on the positive functions performed by
It refers to cultural practices, including dress and
the education system such as creating social solidarity,
mannerisms, language patterns and expressions, and
teaching skills necessary for work, teaching core values,
knowledge of the world derived from life experiences such
and role allocation
as visits to museums, all of which provide knowledge of
Starts with the assumption that education is an institution, class culture of the school.
to facilitate the stability of society that highlights
Implications to Education
interactions that focuses on getting influenced by the other.
Used by schools to reproduce inequality both in the
Occurs through generation to generation and acquires the
interactions and in the structure of education, is an
values and culture of their society.
implication to education with this theory. Delved into
Implications to Education education’s influences on stratification and social class,
trying to reconcile the influences of social structures on the
Education needs to be systematic to avoid being non-
subjective experiences of individuals.
operational.
Social Capital (James Coleman)
School’s main function is to prepare students to acquire
basic knowledge. Major Concepts
Conflict (Karl Marx) This theory focuses on the social resources students bring
to their education and future involvement in school or
Major Concepts
community.
This theory focuses on issues of contention, power, and
Implications to Education
inequality, highlighting the competition for scarce
resources; focuses on culture as a social product. This Used to explain the role of schools in reproducing social
theory focuses on issues of contention, power, and class.
inequality, highlighting the competition for scarce
Code Theory (Basil Bernstein)
resources; focuses on culture as a social product.
 Major Concepts difference between the oppressors and
the oppressed
This theory focuses on organizing principles used by
members of a social group which reflects and shape the Economic Aspects. Equality of opportunity assumes that
assumptions we hold about our relationship to a certain the society is comprised of a hierarchy with desirable,
group superior, and inferior positions. There is an obvious
growing gap between rich and poor.
Implications to Education
German philosopher and political theorist Karl Marx
People learn their place in the society by the language
considered the economy the basic structure for getting
codes they use symbolizing social identity.
power and dominance in society.
Feminist Theory (Harriet Martineau, Jane Addams)
Political Conditions and its Influence. The state’s
Major Concepts nature, its political parties, along with its ideology and
policy, steer the nature of education system and its policy
This theory focuses on the need to “hear” other voices in in society. Inherent inequality is a key weakness in
the education system women’s voices, and to pay more democratic states, even if they practice ideas of
attention to the situation of women democratic education development.
Implications to Education
Led to the examination of educational policy and how it The Roles of School
affected girls, women, their future opportunities
A school is an institution created to enhance the
The linkage that connects society and the schools reflects processes of socialization and education.
the other. It comprises the dynamics for enhancing arts It builds the personality of the student
education. Arts education, aside from being a part of providing them an array of activities and
schools where it is offered, is also a part of the society experiences. It also guides the students to
where it was born. Schools are considered as pillars of develop their natural talents. Generally,
culture. the following are some of the basic roles
Education is considered as the foundation of a society that of schools:
helps in the achievement of social prosperity, political Socialization is the process of creating a social self,
constancy and economic wealth. French sociologist Emile learning one’s culture and learning the
Durkheim emphasized the role of the education system in rules and expectations of the culture. This
the preservation of society and culture. is one of the most important roles of
The Influence of Society to Education Process school.

Sociocultural Influence The education process Preservation and Promotion of Culture

developed from society’s social structure, For the school to uphold and develop valued principles or
social norms, and values system is the beliefs, practices, and even moral and ethics, it supports
result human society’s goal to transfer and protects them with the progression of time.
surviving cultural content from one
generation to the next. Transmission of Cultural Values

French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu One of the roles of school would be to teach the cultural
viewed education as a perpetrator of the beliefs, moral values, religion, and social standards that its
dominant class culture. He called this society promotes through education.
phenomenon, “cultural reproduction.” Social Agreeableness
Similarly, Brazilian educator Paulo Freire
observed that the teaching process, The society takes on the school to be responsible in getting
method, and language can make a the society and the school closer through teaching of social
values and ethical conducts. Thus, education progresses of social conduct. It is part of the educational system to
into promoting teaching social sense to the students. teach and promote socialization to the children to prepare
them with their roles in the society when they become
Civic Training
adults. In this manner, the preservation of cultural and
Emotions and attitudes of children are essential in terms of social heritage of a nation are taken care of.
having a productive social life and being trained socially.
Social Integration
How they respond to the social environment shows the
development of their social understanding. Respect, love, In a school, the incidental learning and socialization
justice, and mutual respect are some of those emotions amongst the teachers, students, and others in the
that must be reflected. institution is a natural way to impart values and other social
skills that are crucial to the society.
Promotion of Democratic Values
Determination of Status
The school shall give chances for the children in schools
to express themselves freely or be in a democratic One of the roles of school is to improve the life of an
environment, allowing them to grow as individuals. individual for economic opportunity, people grow and
develop according to their association with other people,
Development of Abilities
background, and their function in the society as well.
A school must be able to provide not only to nurture the
Provides Route for Social Mobility
students for cognitive development, but also of their skills
and their affective factors. Therefore, this means that there One of the roles of school is the educational attainment of
must be a balance in the learning and the abilities of the an individual makes it possible for a person to increase
students in a school. one’s qualification in terms of their social status and
flexibility.
Fulfillment of National Aims
Social Development
schools are for the children to acquire knowledge, skills,
and values, so as to prepare them in the fulfillment of the The educational system has the most important role in the
national aims and ideals of the nation. development of the society. Education provides skilled
individuals who are significant to the society through
Character Building
literacy programs, which upturns the political realization of
A school would be the approach on how the students people at the lowest point of the economy
would be able to build their characters toward national
The Multi-functions of School
ideology.
Schools are expected to have multifunction which include
Propagation of Civilization and Culture
technical, economic, human, social,
Persuading the children to adopt social, religious, moral, political, cultural, and international levels.
cultural, and ethical values of a society is to uphold the This is provided in the detailed analysis of
culture and civilization. This is done by schools through multiplicity of school functions by Cheng
teaching these values to children. (1996) as presented below

Development of Personality Technical/ Economic Functions

One of the roles of school includes the development of the One of the functions of school is the technical and
three domains of learning namely, physical, mental, and economic developments and needs of the individual, the
emotional make-up of an individual. institution, the local community, the society, and
international community
Social Control
Molding the child’s early socialization is considered by
Bottomore to be one of the contributions in the conventions
 Human / Social Functions (4)by transferring to the individual, the prestige of the
school itself.
Refer to the contribution of schools to human
developments and social relationships at different levels of Some of the secondary functions of school include
society (1)the role of the school in providing mothers or fathers
with relief from the task of taking care of their children
Political Functions
during a significant part of the day,
Refer to the contribution of schools to the political
(2)the part played by school in the courtship process and
development at different levels of society
its consequent influence on mate selection, Some of the
Cultural Functions secondary functions of school include

Refer to the contribution of schools to the cultural (3)the use of the school to maintain the cultural identity and
transmission and development at different levels of society therefore the stability of subgroups within the society, and

Education Functions (4)the use of educational institutions to effect social reform.

refer to the contribution of schools to the development and

maintenance of education at the different levels of society
David Goslin (1965) of the American Institute of Research Social Mobility is the movement, usually individual or
identified major functions of school in the modern society. groups, from one social position to another within the
1.The Transmission of Culture is one of the primary socially stratified system in any society (classes, ethnic
functions of school. Man's capacity to learn, to organize groups, or entire nation)
learning in symbolic forms, to communicate this learning Social class is defined as a broad category or class of
as knowledge to other members of the species, and to act people in the same economic bracket which has similar
on the basis of learning or knowledge is the source of all ideas, values, and lifestyle. This concept of social class is
cultural phenomena. not fixed nor subject to exact measurements.
2. Supporting the discovery of new knowledge as the next
important function, educational institutions have
paradoxically also been expected to play an important role
in the encouragement and implementation of change.
3. Allocating individuals to positions in society is also a
primary function of school. Every society must make some
provision for deciding which of its members shall occupy
the various positions in the society and perform the roles
necessary for its continuation and development. Determinants of Social Class

The school functions as an integral part of the process Money

of status allocation in four ways:
One of the main determinants of social class because of
(1)by providing a context in which the individual can its importance. Possession of substantial amounts of this
demonstrate his or her abilities, is the main characteristic distinguishing the upper class
from other class groups in society.
(2)by channeling individuals into paths that lead in the
direction of different occupations or classes of occupations Education
The school functions as an integral part of the process of
One of determinants of social class, because one’s
status allocation in four ways:
amount and kind of education affects the class rank s/he
(3)by providing the particular skills needed to fulfill the will secure.
requirements of various positions, and finally
Prestige ranking of occupation Must be functional
One of determinants of social class, because this refers to the The teacher must be transparent and realistic enough to
respect and admiration with which an occupation is regarded by present the realities of life that the students will face outside
society. the classroom.
Style of Life Must settle for quality
In many instances, wealth and improved lifestyle have come The name of the game here is excellence. The teacher himself
from outside the Philippine economy. must be the epitome of setting the tone for excellence.
Heredity Must build upon the identity of the learner as a unique
individual
One of determinants of social class, because if you're from a
well-known or well-off family, you are at least, the upper middle The learners must be encouraged to go on against all odds
class society. and find themselves in the ranks of the successful.
The Social Psychological Model

Theory of Planned Behavior

This enables the learners to facilitate their adjustments
individually or by group. This model offers some sort of
assistance in the variations or modifications of the patterns of
social organization to bring about the desired social change in
Types of Mobility the learner.
Vertical Mobility Student’s Motivation
Upward Mobility- individual can improve their position in the Meltzer (2002) pointed out that one of the most difficult and
hierarchy. challenging aspects of teaching is how to motivate your
students.
- Two factors that give rise to upward mobility: a highly
industrialized society, highly trained individuals.
Downward Mobility- individual can worsen their status in the Student Subculture
hierarchy.
Moffit (2015) cited that subcultures are those groups of values
Horizontal Mobility- it is a change in an occupational position and norms that are distinct from those held by the majority.
but not a change in status.
Mangilinan (2015) cited that there is a need to reshape the
Transformative Education curriculum so that it can be culturally responsive to the
background of students
Is an educational process that is beyond the four walls of the
classroom. This advocates a deep sense and significant Culture
changes not just for the better but for the best in person
regardless of race and status. Is what makes up a society’s expression.

The Essentials for Transformative Education Development of Normative Systems within School

Must be anchored on the country’s educational goals Hess (2014) cited that every school has a culture that
distinguishes it from others.
In line with the Article XIV. It mirrors our commitment as a
nation in our conviction in the collaboration between the state
and the people in alleviating the plight of our people via
education.
According to Helen Calcidott (2009), the teachers are the most
responsible and important members of the
society because their professional efforts
affect the fate of the earth.
Primer Mover of Change Purpose
The ones who start to make a difference in this world. Teachers are responsible for delivering lessons that are
planned, organized and implemented based on the objectives
Second Parent by Virtue of in Loco Parentis
that are specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time
Latin doctrine which means the teachers are taking the role bound. But these should be flexible enough to provide room for
Of being a parent to their student. the learners to make their own personal and independent
Motivator (Cherry, 2019) connections from the classroom to real-life situations.
Intrinsic motivation- our behavior is driven by internal rewards.
Spiritually giving a heart smile
Extrinsic motivation- behavior that is driven by the external Content
rewards.
Content normally refers to a description to be covered, evident
Presenter of Information in a reference book or school documents, like, the curriculum
guide, syllabus and course outline. It has to be governed by
Teachers are responsible and credible for presenting
standards designed by competent curriculum planners and
Information that is true and honest. developers tailored to the needs of the learners and later to the
community that is being served.
Innovator
Teachers are always challenged to provide their students
With novel and innovation to keep up with the demands of
the competitive world.
Role Model
Students tend to admire their teachers and become them It will be of great help to adapt the acronym USES which
person who they look up for. captures the essence of why content is of paramount
Leader importance as one of the components in pedagogical skills.
(Serrano, 2015)
As a leader, they can inspire others in their simple way to
act positively in solving the problems confronting the U-Unravel
community.
Unravel the latent skills of the learners in order to provide the
Trainer
learners with novel concepts, facts and experiences that could
A teacher as a trainer and the students are the apprentice. satisfy their thirst for learning.
S- Sharpen
What is Pedagogy? Sharpen the mind of the students is seemingly difficult if the
content is bordering on the practices of the past.
In Greek, Peda means children and Gogy is the art and science
of teaching. Hence, Pedagogy, is the art and science of teaching E- Enhance
children.
Enhance the learners' desire to explore by themselves thereby
Today, the teachers' Pedagogical Content Knowledge or PCK allowing them to experience learning on a firsthand basis.
must be integrated and enhanced with technology. Hence, the
acronym TPCK (Technological Pedagogical Content S-Steer
Knowledge) emerges (Serrano, 2015) This refers to the communicative competence of the teacher
both in writing and speaking.
Communication Skills Sec. 5. Every teacher shall help the school keep the people in
the community informed about the school's work and
This refers to the communicative competence of the teacher accomplishments as well as its needs and problems.
both in writing and speaking and can possibly influence the way
the students speak and write. Sec. 6. Every teacher is an intellectual leader in the community
especially in the barangay
Professional Development
Sec.7 Every teacher shall maintain harmonious and pleasant
The purpose is to improve the teaching learning process for the
personal and official relations with other professionals, with
sake of the students.
government officials, and with the people, individually or
The Demands of the Local and Global Standards collectively. Sec. 8. A teacher shall possess freedom to attend
church and worships, as appropriate, but shall not use his
One of the reasons reasons why we need to continue positions and influence to proselyte others
the teacher's professional growth, as we affirm our
belongingness to the “global educational village,” we will prove The foregoing guide for teachers as regards "The Teacher and
to the world that our teachers are at par with our foreign the Community” motivated the author to conceive the acronym
counterparts. LINK to capture the message of Article III. The teacher should
be the effective and enduring LINK between the school and the
The Overwhelming Trends in Science and Technology community
One of the reasons reasons why we need to continue The Light. The teacher should provide the driving force to look
the teacher's professional growth, as there is no stopping for into the dark spots" in the community which may be in the form
the fast-paced technology our world is exposed to. of noncommitment and indifference of the parents to get
The Interest of the Stakeholders involved in the school activities of their son/daughter in school.

One of the reasons reasons why we need to continue The Impetus. There is a need for every teacher to be the
the teacher's professional growth, veiled by the doctrine of impetus or the prime mover to take the initiative for parents to
parens patriae, the State assumes its responsibility of commit themselves in their involvement to the Parent Teacher
protecting the public interest by promoting the health and Association or PTA.
safety, morals, peace and order, comfort and well-being of its The News. The PTA is a fertile ground for the school and
citizens. parent's communication. It is in this regard that the teacher must
The Teacher as Vital Link Between the School and be good news to the parents that the school cares.
Community The Key. If the school wants to prevent any adversarial
The need for teachers to establish a close effective community relationship with the community, then it must develop the
relationship has been underscored in the Code of Ethics for potential of its faculty in the areas of interconnections and
Professional Teachers, Article III - The Teacher and the establishments of linkages with the community
Community which are stated as follows:
Sec 1 A teacher is a facilitator of learning and development of
the youth, he shall, therefore, render the best service by
providing an environment conducive to such learning and
growth.
Sec. 2. Every teacher shall provide leadership and initiative to
actively participate in community movements for moral, social,
educational, economic, and civic betterment
Sec. 3. Every teacher shall merit reasonable social recognition
for which purpose he shall behave with honor and dignity at all
times and refrain from such activities as gambling smoking
drunkenness, and other excesses, much less elicit relations.
Sec 4. Every teacher shall live for and with the community and,
shall therefore, refrain from disparaging the community.