Check those statements that present a clear use of power and put an X mark do not present

a clear use of power.

1. Your mother asks you to buy flour in the bakery.
2. Agnes tries to escape a building on fire by breaking the windows using her
ukulele.
3. The teacher asks the class to return immediately the classroom globe to its
proper place.
4. Protesters on the streets forced the police to direct traffic into an alternate
route.
5. The President made sure that his constituents were happy by giving away
cash gifts and other goods during Christmas.
6. The stage director decided to kick the lead actor out of the play after 72
retakes.
7. The 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution displayed unity of the people
in ousting a tyrant.
8. You got into a heated argument after someone accidentally spilled coffee on
your pants while you were on a cafe.

The Meaning of Power

Politics always involves the exercise of power by one person or persons to another person or
persons (Shively, 2012). Power is the ability to get someone to do something he/she wants to
accomplish, thus making things happen in the way he/she wants. In having such ability, along with the
exercise of power is an influence. Thus, influence is the process by which a person affects the behavior
and feeling of another person. In order to influence a person there must an authority which is the right
to change another person. Power is as well a prime ingredient of politics (Roskin et.al., 2012).
However, there are instances that power becomes cynical, brutal, and self — destructive that affirmed
Lord Acton's dictum. "Power tends to corrupt: absolute power corrupts absolutely.

Sources of Power
1. Organizational Power is a power derived from a person's position in an organization and from
control over valuable resources afforded by that position
Reward power. It is the extent to which a leader can use extrinsic and intrinsic rewards to
control and influence other people.
Coercive power. It is the degree to which a leader can deny desired rewards or administer
punishments to control other people and let them follow his wants.
Legitimate power. It is the extent to which a leader can use subordinates' internalized values or
beliefs that the boss has a right of command to control his subordinates' behavior. That if
legitimacy is lost, authority will not be accepted by subordinates. It is otherwise known as
formal hierarchical authority.
Information power. The leader has the access to and control of information. This complements
legitimate hierarchical power. This could be granted to specialists and managers in the middle
of the information system. The people may protect information in order to increase their
power.
 Process power. The leader has full control over the methods of production and analysis.
Thereby, placing an individual in the position of influencing how inputs are transformed into
outputs as well as managing the analytical process used to make choices.
Representative power. The legal right conferred to speak by the firm as a representative of a
potentially significant group composed of individuals from departments or outside the firm.
Helps complex organizations deal with a variety of constituencies.

2. Individual Power or personal power is a power derived from personal characteristics that are of
value to the organization
Expert power

The ability to control another person's behavior through the possession of knowledge,
experience, or judgment that the other person needs but does not have.
Is relative, not absolute.
Rational persuasion
The ability to control another person's behavior by convincing the other person of the
desirability of a goal and a reasonable way of achieving it. Much of a supervisor's daily
activity involves rational persuasion.
Referent power
The ability to control another's behavior because the person wants to identify with the power
source.
Can be enhanced by linking to morality and ethics and long-term vision.

Symbols of Powers
Since organizational charts only reveal authority and not power, it is important to determine what the
symbols of power are across most organizations. One of the more easily iåentified power symbols is
that of a uniform for a police officer.

Kanter's Symbols ofPower

The primary characteristic of Kanter's seven symbols of power is that they provide an ability to aid or
assist another person. Her symbols are active and other-directed.
The symbols are:
1. Ability to intercede for someone in trouble
2. Ability to get placements for favored employees
3. Exceeding budget limitations
4. Procuring above-average raises for employees
5. Getting items on the agenda at meetings
6. Access to recent information
7. Having top managers seek out one's opinions

Kanter 's Symbols ofPowerlessness

Powerlessness is a lack of power, which may have different symptoms in managers at various levels of
the organization.

C. KordŒ's Symbols of Power

 Korda's symbols of power are easier to determine, and they include office furnishings, time power,
and standing by.

Ways to expand power (Schermerhorn,2003)

Clearly define roles and responsibilities.
Provide opportunities for creative problem solving coupled with
the discretion to act.
Emphasize different ways of exercising influence.
Provide support to individuals so they become comfortable with
developing their power.
Expand inducements for thinking and acting, not just obeying.

Two Faces of Power

McClelland takes a stand for the use of authority in a right or
wrong fashion.
1. Personal power is used for personal gain, and results in a win—lose
approach.
2. Social control involves the use of power to create motivation or to
accomplish group goats:

Influence Tactics
1. Consultation
2. Rational persuasion
3. Inspirational appeal
4. Ingratiation

Types of Authority (Weber in Ethridge & Handelman, 2004)

1. Charismatic Authority. It is an influence possessed by person by virtue
of their persona: magnetism. They have the capacity to gain respect
and even adulation to the point o:moving followers to make great
sacrifices. It flows not from the legal basis of one' power but an
individual's personal "gifts."

2. Rational - Legal Authority. It is a leadership based on established law.

People obey the leader or executive because they accept his or her
power under the law.

3. Traditional Authority. The leadership is based from the culture that is

people often give allegiance to the one who occupy the institutional
positions.

4. Coercive Authority. The power to use force such as police or military

force to demand obedience from the subordinate.

Identify the term that is described. Write your answer in the

——is a leadership based on established law. People obey the leader or exbecause they
accept his or her power under law.
is the leadership is based from the culture that is people often give allegiance to the one
who occupy the institutional positions.

is the power to use force such as police or military force to demand obedience from the
subordinate.
——involves the use of power to create motivation or to accomplish group

is the ability to control another's behavior because the person wants to identify with the
power source.
is the extent to which a leader can use extrinsic and extrinsic rewards to control and
influence other people.
leader has full control over the methods of production and analysis.

is a lack of power, which may have different symptoms in managers at different levels
of the organization.
is the process by which a person affects the behavior and feeling of

is the right to influence another person