A Perspective on Thermal Conductivity of Hybrid Nanofluid

and Their Application in Automobile Radiator Cooling

UKUEJE Etabiese Wisdom, ABAM Fidelis, OBI Anthony
Energy, Exergy and Environment Research Group (EEERG) Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike

Figure 1: Picture showing the nanoscale in context. The length scale at the top ranges from 1 m to 10−10 m.
The section from 10−7 m (100 nm) to 10−9 m (1 nm) is expanded on the length scale below. The typical
length scale of interest for nanoscience is from 100 nm down to the atomic scale.
 Host Liquid
Nanoparticles
water, ethylene glycol, NANOFLUID
propylene glycol, Al2O3, CuO, TiO2,
engine oil, etc. ZnO , etc.

Figure 2. Schematic description of a nanofluid: base fluid in combination with nanoparticles.

Figure 3. Some of the diverse particle shapes and geometries of nanoparticles.

 Figure 6. Thermal Conductivities of Various Solid Liquids at ∼300K.
Thermal Conductivity (W/m.K)

Figure 7. 0.2 0.1891 Thermal

0.18 0.1620.162 0.164
0.16 0.148 0.15 0.15 0.154
0.133 0.137
0.14 0.1180.119
0.12 0.104 0.11
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0

Lubricants

Conductivities of Various Lubricants at ∼300K

Larsson and Andersson Error: Reference source not found, Wu et al Error: Reference source not found, Perrier et al Error: Reference source not found,
Li et al Error: Reference source not found, Botha et al Error: Reference source not found, Colangelo et al Error: Reference source not found; Kumar et al
Error: Reference source not found
Figure 9. Nanofluids, base fluids, commonly used Nano fillers. Surfactants and hybrid nanofluid.
 Figure 10: Two step preparation process of nanofluids
(Direct mixing of nanoparticles followed by addition of dispersant and ultrasonication)

Figure 11: Schematic diagram of nanofluid production system designed for direct
evaporation/condensation of metallic vapor into low-vapour pressure liquids (Choi and EastmanError:
Reference source not found
).
Figure 12. Materials and Nano-composites classification.
 Figure 13. Schematic diagrams of the 3 significant possible mechanisms
Kebliiski et al, Error: Reference source not found and Eastman et al, Error: Reference source not found.
Figure 14. Components within an automotive cooling system (Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.).