Abstract

The promising thermophysical properties of mono nanofluids show great

potential in various heat transfer applications. The properties of mono
nanofluids can be tailored by varying the proportion/concentration of the
nanoparticles. However, the mono nanofluids, employing only single-type
nanoparticles (metallic or non-metallic), revealed the stable thermophysical
properties in the limited range. To tailor this shortcoming, in recent years,
hybrid nanofluids have been synthesized to improve the base fluid’s
thermophysical properties and heat transfer characteristics. In this paper, a
state-of-the-art review on the use of hybrid nanofluid in various heat
transfer applications is presented. The first part of the article summarizes
the existing research works on the preparation and synthesis of various
hybrid nanocomposites and hybrid nanofluids. Subsequently, density,
specific heat, viscosity, and thermal conductivity values of different hybrid
nanofluids are tabulated, serving as a database. The collection of
thermophysical properties correlations is also presented. The later part of
the article covers the hydrothermal behavior of hybrid nanofluids in various
heat transfer applications such as heat exchangers, heat sinks, heat pipes,
solar panels, natural convection enclosures/cavities, air conditioning
systems, impingement jet cooling, thermal energy storage, and boiling-
related applications. In addition, the Nusselt number and friction
factor correlations are tabulated for different heat transfer applications.
Finally, the challenges associated with hybrid nanofluids and future
research scopes are presented.