ENVIRONMENTAL

TECHNOLOGY ISSUES
ASSIGNMENT 2

Infrastructure Planning and Vaibhav Hireraddi

Development BA17ARC060
Contents
1) Drinking Water Treatment and Distribution
2) Solid Waste management
3) Hazardous waste management
Drinking Water Treatment and
Distribution

Drinking water treatment and distribution is an

essential aspect of ensuring access to safe and clean
drinking water for all. The standards and
requirements for drinking water treatment and
distribution are set by various national and
international organizations to ensure the quality and
safety of the water being consumed by the public.
 In India, the standards for drinking water treatment
standards and distribution are set by the Bureau of Indian
Standards (BIS) and the Ministry of Health and
Family Welfare. The BIS sets the standards for the
quality of drinking water, while the Ministry of
Health and Family Welfare is responsible for
ensuring that these standards are met.

The BIS has set standards for various parameters in

drinking water, such as the permissible levels of
lead, arsenic, iron, and bacteria. The standards also
cover the treatment processes that need to be
followed to ensure that the drinking water is safe
and of good quality. In addition, the Ministry of
Health and Family Welfare has issued guidelines for
the construction of water treatment plants and the
maintenance of the distribution systems.
 1. Contamination of water sources: In many
issues regions, the water sources are contaminated
with chemicals, heavy metals, and
microorganisms that pose a threat to human
health.
2. Poor treatment and distribution facilities: In
many areas, the treatment facilities are
inadequate or non-existent, and the distribution
systems are poorly maintained, leading to the
contamination of water during distribution.
3. Lack of access to safe drinking water: In some
regions, the population does not have access to
safe drinking water due to lack of infrastructure
or resources.
 1. Protect water sources: It is essential to protect
solutions the water sources from contamination through
measures such as preventing the discharge of
pollutants into the water and implementing
proper wastewater management practices.
2. Improve treatment facilities: The treatment
facilities need to be improved to ensure that the
water is treated properly and meets the
standards set by the BIS. This can be achieved
through the installation of modern treatment
technologies and the regular maintenance of the
facilities.
3. Upgrade distribution systems: The distribution
systems need to be upgraded to ensure that the
water is delivered to the population without
contamination. This can be achieved through
regular maintenance, the installation of proper
metering systems, and the replacement of aging
pipelines.
4. Increase access to safe drinking water: The
government needs to increase access to safe
drinking water by investing in infrastructure
development and by providing resources and
support to communities in need.
 Despite the standards set by the BIS and the
summary Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, many
regions in India still face challenges in accessing
safe drinking water. Some of the common issues
include contaminated water sources,
inadequate treatment facilities, and poorly
maintained distribution systems. The
government of India has launched several
initiatives, such as the National Rural Drinking
Water Program and the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan,
to address these issues and improve access to
safe drinking water.
Solid Waste management

Solid and hazardous waste management are critical

components of environmental protection and public
health in India. The country has been experiencing
rapid urbanization, industrialization, and population
growth, leading to an increase in waste generation.
Proper management of solid and hazardous waste is
essential to prevent environmental degradation,
reduce health risks, and conserve natural resources.
This essay will discuss the standards and
requirements of solid and hazardous waste
management in India, the issues and solutions, and
the current situation.
 Domestic waste Generation
Waste segregation
Commercial waste Storage
and Waste management
Industrial waste Collection
stages
Mine waste Transportation

Hazardous waste Disposal

Healthcare waste

Agricultural waste
 The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
standards Change (MoEFCC) is responsible for formulating
policies and regulations for waste management in
India. The central government has enacted several
laws and rules, including the Solid Waste
Management Rules, 2016, and the Hazardous Waste
Management Rules, 2016, to regulate waste disposal
and encourage sustainable waste management
practices.

Under the RCRA, the administrator of the

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is required
to publish guidelines for the collection, storage,
transportation, treatment, and disposal of solid
waste.

These laws provide a framework for managing solid

and hazardous waste, including the following
requirements:
 standards

1 2 3

Waste segregation at the Collection and Treatment and disposal:

source: The rules require transportation: The rules The rules provide guidelines
waste generators to stipulate the responsibilities for the treatment and
segregate waste into various of the local authorities and disposal of different types of
categories, such as
waste collectors in collecting waste, including the use of
biodegradable,
and transporting waste to environmentally friendly
non-biodegradable, and
hazardous, at the source. designated facilities. methods.
 The first option is to collect the waste and
Solid waste management transport it to a legal and well protected
dumpsite, where it can be disposed off. In this
case waste remains as waste.

The second option is to reuse waste, or recycle

it. This includes composting of any waste that
can rot. In this option waste becomes something
useful again.

The third option is the treatment of waste. This

includes controlled burning and controlled
burying of waste. In this case waste can become
a source of useful energy for example in the
form of heat or gas for cooking.
 Despite the regulations and guidelines, India
Issues and solutions faces several challenges in managing solid and
hazardous waste. The following are some of the
main issues and potential solutions:

Lack of infrastructure and resources: Most

local authorities lack adequate infrastructure
and resources to manage waste effectively. The
solution lies in investing in infrastructure, such
as waste treatment facilities, and providing
financial support to local authorities.

Poor waste segregation and collection: Waste

segregation and collection are often inadequate,
leading to the mixing of different types of waste.
The solution is to create awareness among the
public and provide incentives for proper waste
segregation and collection.
 Illegal dumping: Illegal dumping of waste is a
Issues and solutions significant problem in India, leading to
environmental degradation and health risks. The
solution is to increase surveillance and
enforcement of the laws and regulations.

Inadequate treatment and disposal: Most

waste treatment facilities in India do not meet
the required standards, leading to
environmental pollution and health risks. The
solution is to upgrade and modernize treatment
facilities and encourage the use of sustainable
waste management practices.
 The current situation of solid and hazardous waste
Current Situation management in India is complex, with significant
progress made in some areas, while others still require
improvement. Some of the achievements include:

1. Increased awareness: There has been a significant

increase in public awareness of the need for
proper waste management, leading to improved
waste segregation and collection.
2. Increased investment: The government has
invested in waste management infrastructure,
including the construction of waste treatment
facilities and the establishment of recycling
centers.
3. Adoption of new technologies: There has been a
growing adoption of new technologies, such as
waste-to-energy and bioreactor landfills, to
manage waste more sustainably.
 However, several challenges still exist, such as
Conclusion inadequate infrastructure, poor enforcement of
laws, and inadequate treatment facilities. The
government and stakeholders need to continue
working towards addressing these challenges
and achieving sustainable waste management.

In conclusion, solid and hazardous waste

management is an essential aspect of
environmental protection and public health in
India. The country has made significant progress
in managing waste, but challenges still exist.
Proper waste segregation, collection, treatment,
and disposal are critical to achieving sustainable
waste management. The government and
stakeholders need to continue working together
to address these challenges and achieve
sustainable waste management.
Hazardous waste management
A hazardous waste determination is the decision that something is a
waste, followed by the decision that the regulations consider it
hazardous waste or simply a solid waste.

Types

Nuclear waste, biomedical waste, electronic waste and chemical wate

Classification

Ignitibility, corrosivity, reactivity, toxicity

Hazardous waste
management strategy 1.
2.
waste minimization
detoxification & neutralization of liquid
hazardous waste streams by physical,
chemical & biological treatment.
3. destruction of combustible hazardous
wastes in high temperature incinerators.
4. stabilization/solidification of sludge's &
ashes came from above two steps.
5. Disposal of treated residues in specially
designed landfills.
Thank you