Mathematics is a science of patterns and relationships.

Mathematics reveals hidden patterns that help us understand the

world around us.
Mathematics is a way of thinking. It relies on logic and
creativity and it is pursued for a variety of practical purposes
and for its intrinsic interest.
Mathematics is an art. Numerous patterns can be found in
numbers and in geometrics figures.
Mathematics is a language. It has a language of its own.
Mathematics is a discipline. You are familiar with lots of
academic discipline such as archeology, biology, chemistry,
economics, history, psychology, sociology; and Mathematics is
a broad and deep discipline that is continuing to grow in breadth
and depth.

Mathematics for Organization

- We need mathematical tools to help us make sound
analysis and better decisions.
Mathematics for Science
- Scientists can plot bird migration routes to help conserve
endangered animal populations.
Mathematics for Prediction
- We can use mathematical models using existing data to
generate analysis and interpretations, we can also use them
to make predictions.
 - Applying the concept of probability, experts can calculate
the chance of an event occurring. The weather is a prime
example.
Mathematics for Control
- The observations of nature, as well as their interactions
and relationships, could be more elegantly described by
means of mathematical equations.

Mathematics - a tool to quantify, organize, and control our

world, predict phenomena, and make life easier for us.

Core Idea:
Mathematics is a useful way to think about nature and world

Role of Mathematics:
1. Mathematics helps organize patterns and regularities in the
world.
2. Mathematics helps predict the behavior of nature and
phenomena in the world.
3. Mathematics helps control nature and occurrences in the
world for our own ends.
4. Mathematics has numerous applications in the world
making it indispensable.
 PATTERNS AND NUMBERS AND
NATURE OF THE WORLD

Patterns are regular, repeated or recurring forms of designs.

Patterns in nature - are visible regularities of form found in the
natural world. These patterns recur in different contexts and can
sometimes be modelled mathematically. Naturals patterns
include symmetries, trees, spirals, meanders, waves, foams,
tessellations, cracks and stripes.
Example: Cone of queen sago

Types of Pattern
A. Symmetry – indicates that you can draw an imaginary line
across an object and the resulting parts are mirror images of
each other. Floral symmetry and crystal symmetry.
Example: Butterfly

Types of Symmetry
1. Bilateral Symmetry – Example: Tigers, because they
balances the two halves which is mirror.
2. Five Fold Symmetry – Example: Echinoderms like
starfish
3. Radial Symmetry – Example Water splash, it is positioned
around a central or focal point .
4. Rotational Symmetry – Example: Sea Anemones
Symmetry by Leonardo da Vinci’s Vitruvian Man
- It show the proportion and symmetry of the human body.

B. Fractals - are objects in which the same patterns occur

again and again at different scale and sizes.
Example: Fern Leaf, Cauliflower, Lightning Bolts

C. Tessellation – Tessellations are patterns that are formed

by repeated cubes or tiles.
Example: Honeycomb, Pineapple

D. Foam - an object formed by trapping of gas in liquid or

solid.
Example: Bubbles

E. Stripe - a long narrow band or strip, typically of the same

width throughout its length, differing in color or texture
from the surface on either side of it.
Example: Zebra

F. Spiral - are shapes that wind in a gradually or tightening

curve. They’re common in plants and in some animals,
notably mollusks.
Example: Bighorn Sheep
Types of Spiral
1. Golden Spiral – Example: Phyllotaxis of spiral aloe
2. Logarithmic Spiral – Example: Nautilus Shells
3. Fermat’s Spiral – Example: Seed head of sunflower

G. Waves – are disturbances that carry energy as they

move.

The Fibonacci Number Sequence

Leonardo Fibonacci (c.1170 – c.1250) – in 2002, introduced

the Fibonacci number system to the western world with his book
Liber Abaci.

Mathematically. fn = fn-1 + fn-2

Though a little bit confusing, it simply means that fn can be

determined if the previous two terms, fn-1, and fn-2 are added.