AEBOARDREVIEWQUESTIONS

SUBJECT3

INSTRUCTIONS:

Select thebestanswer.
Giveonlyone answerforeach question.
Shadethecorrespondingboxofyouranswerintheanswersheet.Do not
make any unnecessary marking in the answer sheet.

1.RURALELECTRIFICATION

A. EASY

1. Power system that utilizes more than one energy sources such as solar,wind and biogas.

A. Multi-sourcesystem B.Powergrid C.Hybrid D.Noneof theabove

Answer:C

2. Part of aerogenerators in wind farms that converts rotational movement to AC electricity.

A. Alternator B.Dynamo C.Inverter D.Noneof theabove

Answer:A

3. The rotating part of microhydro power plant placed across waterflow.

A. Guidevane B.Turbine C.Penstock D.Noneof theabove

Answer:B

4. Expression of relationship among current,resistance and voltage orelectromotive force.

A. Continuity equation B.Ohm’s law C.Electricity equation D.Noneof the above

Answer:B

5. Ultimate source of allenergy forms.

B. Sunshine B.Earth C.Sun D.Noneof theabove

Answer:C

6. The application of electricity in rural areas including the home, farm and farmstead.

A. Power application B.Ruralelectrification C.Power distribution D.None of the above

Answer:B

7. The currentrating of American Wire Gage (AWG) No.10 wire.

A.30 amp. B.20 amp. C.15 amp. D.Noneof theabove

Answer:A

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The standard size of drop wire (post to building wire)for farm houses and households.

A.2.3 sq. mm B.5.5 sq. mm C.10.4 sq. mm D.Noneof theabove

Answer:B

8. How many square millimeters is AWG No.10 wire?

A.8.0 B.2.6 C.5.5 D.Noneof theabove

Answer:C

9. Energy harnessed from dead volcanoes.

A. Volcanic energy B.Renewable energy C.All of the above D.Noneof the above

Answer:B

10. Solar irradiance at the Earth surface.

A. 100watts/m2 B.1,000 watt/m2 C.10,000 watts/m2 D.Noneof theabove

Answer:B

11. In the BiGSHOW acronym of renewable energy coverage, the "S” stands for

A. Sunshine B.Solar C.Strongwind D.None of the above

Answer:B

12. Solar irradiance multiplied by its duration is called

A. Solar insulation B.Solar insolation C.Solar irradiation D.Noneof theabove

Answer:B

13. In the Philippines and most of southeast Asia, the daily solar energy or insolation is about

A. 15 kwh/m2 B.10 kwh/m2 C.5 kwh/m2 D.Noneof theabove

Answer:C

14. The reciprocal of resistance.

A. Capacitance B.Inductance C.Conductance D.None of the above

Answer:C

15. If the unit of resistance is ohms, what is the unit of conductance?

A. Mhos B.Hertz C.Langleys D.Noneof theabove

Answer:A
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B. MODERATE

1. An electric pump has total resistance of 9.5ohms. If its power source is from a 220-volt
outlet, what should be the amperage of its safety fuse?Assume 27 % surge current.

A. 45 amp. B.40 amp. C.30 amp. D.Noneof theabove

Answer:C

Solution:
I = 1.27 V/R
= 1.27 (220/9.5)
=1.27 (23.16 amp)
=29.4amp., use30 amp.

2. What is the power generated by a micro-hydro power plant having a gross head of
80 meters and reliable discharge of 50 liters/second. Assume typical efficiency.

A. 23.5 kw B.28.5 kw C.38.5 kw D.Noneof theabove

Answer: B

Solution:
P =9.8QHE
where
P = power output in kw,
Q= discharge in m3/s,
H=gross head in meters,
E= efficiency, typically 60% for micro-hydro

P =9.8(0.05m3/s)(80m)(0.6)
= 23.52 kw

3. Give the estimated mechanical power output of a windmill having a rotor diameter of 8
meters if wind velocity is 3 m/s.

A. 0.136 kw B.0.246 kw C.0.316 kw D.Noneof theabove

Answer:A

Solution:
P =0.1AV3,byruleofthumb
where
P= power output in w,
A=rotor cross-sectional area in m2,
V=wind velocity in m/s

P =0.1[3.14x(8m/2)2][3m/s]3
= 135,648 w

4. What is the electrical energy consumption of a 10-kw coconut oil expeller plugged in
a 220-volt source if it requires 3 hours to expel oil from 1,000 kg of grated copra?

A. 0.03 kwh/kg B.0.05 kwh/kg C.0.07 kwh/kg D.Noneof theabove

Answer:A
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 Solution:
Ec=PcTo/Wi
=10 kw(3 h)/1,000 kg
=0.03 kwh/kg

5. What is the peak solar power generation per charging channel of a solar battery charging
station equipped with 12 units of 75 watt-peak 12-volt solar module? The system is divided into
3 charging channels, each channel has 4 modules connected in parallel. Assume 80% overall
efficiency.

B. 2.4 kWp B.240Wp C.260Wp D.Noneof theabove

Answer:B

Solution:

P =No.of Modules/Channel x Module Power Rating x Eff

=(4)(75 Wp)(0.8)
=240 Wp

C. DIFFICULT

5. An industrial heater has 8 pieces heating plates of 6 ohms each. Plates are arranged in
series. If the heater power source is from a 220 volt outlet, how much current will flow?

A. 3.5 amp. B.4.6 amp. C.5.2 amp. D.Noneof theabove

Answer:B

Solution:
R =R1+R1+…+R12
= 8 (6 ohms)
= 48 Ohms

I =V/R
= 220/48
=4.58Amp.

6. How much should be budgeted annually for the electrical consumption of a 20-kw
coconut oil expeller drawing 92 amperes current and having an electrical consumption of
M 0.04kwh/kg copra? It expels 250 kg of copra per hour and operates 16h/day at 264 days/year.
Electricity costs PHP5/kwh. Use 10% cost safety factor.

A. PHP132,560 B.PHP232,320 C.PHP100,160 D.Noneof theabove

Answer:B

Solution:
Budget=Elec. Consumption x Input Rate x Time x Elec.Cost x (1+SafetyFactor)
=(0.040kwh/kg)(250kg/h) (16h/dayx264days/yr) (PHP5/kwh)(1+0.10)
=PHP232,320/yr

7. What is the peak amperage of a solar battery charging station equipped with 16 units of
75watt-peak4.16-ampere sola rmodule? The system is divided into 4 charging channels,
each channel has 4 modules connected in parallel.

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 A. 32.2A B.25.4A C.16.6A D.Noneof theabove
Answer:C
Solution:
I =No.ofModules/Channel x Module Amperage Rating
=(4)(4.16A))
=16.64A

8. What is the system voltage of a solar pumping system equipped with 2 units of 75 watt-
peak solar modules? Each solar module has 4.16 amperes maximum, open circuit voltage
of 21 volts maximum and nominal voltage of 12 volts. Modules are connected in series.

A. 48Volts B.36Volts C.24Volts D.Noneof theabove

Answer:C
Solution:
V =No.of Modules x Module Nominal Voltage
=(2)(12 Volts))
=24 Volts

9. Estimate the hydraulic power output of a multi-bladed windmill when wind speed is 3 m/s.
It has 0.3 rotor power coefficient, 90% transmission efficiency, 90% pump volumetric
efficiency and 6 meters rotor diameter.Air density is 1.2 kg/m3.

B. 38.8watts B.26.4 watts C.65.7 watts D.Noneof theabove

Answer:A

Solution:

P=0.5xAir densityxpowercoefxtrans.effxvol.effxrotorsweepareaxwindvelocity3
=0.5(1.2)(0.3)(0.9)(0.9)(3.14x32)(33)
=38.8 watts

9. If a10-meter high multi-bladed windmill for vegetable farm has a minimum running
windspeedof1.5m/s, what isthe minimum wind speed for the rotor to start turning?

A. 3.1 m/s B.2.7 m/s C.1.9 m/s D.Noneof theabove

Answer:B

Solution:

Vs=Runningwindspeed/0.564
=1.5/0.564
=2.7 m/s

10. A horizontal-axis windmill for poultry farm water pumping has a rotor diameter of 8
meters and register as running torque of 920Newton-meters.What is the torque needed
to start its rotor turning?

A. 2,852 Nm B.1,908 Nm C.2,628 Nm D.Noneof theabove

Answer:A

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 Solution:

Ts=3.14x RunningTorque
=3.14 x936Nm
=2,852 Nm

11. How many 75 watt peak solar modules are needed for a solar powered incubator having a
power rating of 144 watts, system voltage of 48 volts and amperage of 6 amperes?All
solar modules used have 12 volts nominal voltage and 4.6 amperes peak amperage.

A. 4 Modules B.8 Modules C.12 Modules D.Noneof theabove

Answer:B
Solution:

Ntotal=No.ofmodulesinseriesxNo.ofmodulesinparallel;noofmodulesroundedup
=(Systemvoltage/Nominalvoltage)(System amperage/Moduleamperage)
=(48/12)(6/4.6)
=(4)(1.3roundedupto2toavoidundercurrent)
=8 modules

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 12. What should be the tilt angle from the horizontal of the glass solar collect or of a
hybrid biomass-solar dryer located somewhere in Surigao, Philippines, having a
longitude of 125degrees andlatitude of9degrees?Since Philippines is in northern
hemisphere, the solar collector faces south or opposite hemisphere for maximum
energy collection.

A. 10 degrees B.9 degrees C.12 degrees D.Noneof theabove

Answer:A

Solution:

Angle=Latitute of the site; but minimum of 10 degrees for self cleaning

=9 degrees; but constrained to10 degrees minimum for self cleaning
=10 degrees minimum

13. Geothermal, biodiesel and windfarm renewable energy projects are evaluated for
financial feasibility but only a maximum of 2 projects can be implemented. Each of them
requires PHP900,000,000 investment. The financial internal rate of return (IRR) are
28.2%, 9.8% and 9.6% for geothermal, biodiesel and wind project, respectively. Annual
money discount and inflation rate is 10.2%. Which project shall not be implemented?

A. Biodiesel project B.Wind farm project C.All of the above D.Noneof the above
Answer:C(sinceIRRofbiofuel&oceanprojects <monetarydiscount&inflationrate)

REFERENCES:
1. Farm Electrification by RobertH.Brown,E.E.,A.E.,latestedition
2. PhilippineAgriculturalEngineeringJournal,Vol.XXX(2)
3. PhilippineAgriculturalEngineeringStandards(PAES)
4. RenewableEnergyJournal,variousissues&authors
5. ManualforMicro-HydropowerDevelopment,DOEandJICA,2004
6. ElectricalPowerCalculations,AUDELS,latestedition
7. Handoutsandfact sheetsfromvarioussources

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2.AGRICULTURALBUILDINGSANDSTRUCTURES

A. EASY

1. Inagriculturalengineering, whatismeantbyFMR?

A. Farmhousemaintenance andrepair B.Farmsteadmainroad

C.Farm-to-market road D.Noneof theabove

Answer:C

2. Whatisthenormalfreeboardpercentageforwatertanks andopenchannels?

A. 2-3% B.40-50% C.10-20% D.Noneof theabove

Answer:C

3. Whichshapeofconcrete canalneeds morereinforcing barsatthelower partofitswall?

A. Parabolic B.Rectangular C.Circular D.Noneof theabove

Answer:B(sinceitswallservesasretainingwall)

4. ForclassAmix,give thebagsof40-kgcementneededpercubic meterofconcrete.

A. 9 B.7 C.5 D.Noneof theabove

Answer:A

5. Whatisthepropermixclassforsolidconcreteopenchannelbedandwalls?

A. ClassAA B.ClassA C.ClassB D.Noneof theabove

Answer:B

6. Whatconcretecanal cross-sectional shapehasitssidesservingassoilretainingwall?

A. Semi-circular B.Trapezoidal C.Rectangular D.Noneof theabove

Answer:C

7. InclassAA,A,BandCconcrete mixes,howmanycubicmetersofgravelisrequiredto produce

1 cubic meter of concrete?

A. 1.0 B.0.8 C.0.6 D.Noneof theabove

Answer:A

B. MODERATE-none
C. DIFICULT-none

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3. WASTEMANAGEMENT

A. EASY

1. The equivalent amount paid by the World Bank for carbon emission reduction projects.

A. Carbon credit value B.Emission value C.Carbon trading value D.None of the above

Answer:A

2. The acronym of the Inter-Governmental Panel for Climate Change.

A. IGPCC B.IPCC C.Anyofthe above D.Noneof theabove

Answer:B

3. Best type of biogas plant for large animal farms having effluents with low volatile solids.

A. Fixed dome B.Floating type C.Covered lagoon D.Noneof theabove

Answer:C

4. Plastic sheet for constructing balloon and bed lining in covered lagoon biogas plants.

A. Acetate B.Polyvinyl Chloride(PVC)

C.High density polyethylene(HDPE) D.None of the above

Answer:C

5. By how many times is methane destructive to the environment than carbondioxide?

A. 2 times B.10 times C.21 times D.Noneof theabove

Answer:C

6. Energy system consisting of the digester, gas holder, mixing tank and sludge tank.

A. Biogas work B.Biogas plant C.Fermenter D.Noneof theabove

Answer:B

7. Flammable gas derived from an aerobic fermentation of any organic matter

especially animal manure or manure-biomass mixture.

A. Methane B.LPG C.Biogas D.Noneof theabove

Answer:C

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 8. The estimated proportion of methane in biogas for digesters using 1:1 water-manure ratio.

A. 25% B.60% C.35% D.Noneof theabove

Answer:B

9. The estimated proportion of carbondioxide in biogas for digesters using 1:1 water-
manure ratio.

A. 10% B.20% C.40% D.Noneof theabove

Answer:C

10. The non-flammable component of biogas occupying significant volume.

A. Watervapor B.Carbon dioxide C.Hydrogen D.Noneof theabove

Answer:B

11. Water and manure mixture.

A. Slurry B.Scum C.Sewerage D.Noneof theabove

Answer:A

12. Color of biogas flame during daytime in outdoor areas.

A. Colorless B.Red C.Yellow D.Noneof theabove
Answer:A

12. Estimated biogas produced per kg cow manure for 25-day hydraulic retention time.

A. 0.03 m3/kg B.0.05 m3/kg C.0.06 m3/kg D.Noneof theabove

Answer:A

14. Recommended manure-water ratio by volume for economical biogas production.

A. 1:0.5 B.1:1 C.1:1.5 D.Noneof theabove

Answer:B

15. Themetal-corrosive component of biogas in small amount which smells like a rotten egg.

A. Hydrogensulfide B.Acid C.Nitrogen D.Noneof theabove

Answer:A

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B. MODERATE
1. Determine the biogas consumption per day of a household using a 4-inch gas burner at 4
hours duration per day.The gas consumption of the burner is constant at 0.283 m3/hour.

A. 1.1 m3 B.1.3 m3 C.2.2 m3 D.Noneof theabove

Answer:A

Solution:

C=NBT
where
C=Consumption,
N=No.ofunits
B=biogasconsumptionofdevice,
T=Time

C=(1unit)( 0.283m3/hr)(4hrs)
= 1.13 m3

2. Determine the biogas production per day of an animal farm having 10,000 heads of
porkers of mixed ages. Use a retention period of 35 days. The mean daily manure
production of porkers is 2.2 kg/head while the specific gas production for 35-day
hydraulic retention time in the digester is 0.065 m3 /kg.

A. 1,430 m3 B.1,340 m3 C.1,043 m3 D.Noneof theabove

Answer:A

Solution:

P =NMG
where
P=biogas production potential,
N=No.ofheads,
M=manureproduction,
G = Specific gas production of the manure for a specific retention period

P =(10,000heads)(2.2kg/head)(0.065 m3/kg)
= 1,430 m3

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C. DIFFICULT

1. How many heads of breeding buffalo are needed as source of manure to generate 1,000
m3 of biogas a day if the retention period is 25days. The mean daily manure production
of breeding buffalo is 13.5 kg/head while its specific gas production for 25-day manure
retention period is half of that of chicken dung.
A. 504 B.405 C.540 D.Noneof theabove
Answer:B
Solution:
N= P/(MG)
where
N=No.ofheads,
C=biogasproduction
M=manureproduction,
G=Specific gas production of the manure for a specific retention period

G= 0.5xG for chicken dung at 25-day retention period

=0.5 x 0.06 m3/kg
= 0.03 m3/kg
C=(1,000m3)/[(13.5kg/head)(0.03m3/kg)]
= 405 heads

2. Determine the required digester volume of a biogas plant that will accommodate manure
from a broiler farm having a capacityof 20,000 heads of mixed ages. Use 30-day
retention period and 1:1 manure-water ratio.The mean daily manure production of broiler
is 0.025 kg/head while its specific gas production for 30-day manure retention period is
0.062m3/kg.Chickendungdensityis950kg/m3.

A. 2.52 m3 B.22.5 m3 C.25.2 m3 D.Noneof theabove

Answer:C
Solution:
V=IR,but,I=2Im,Im=0.8P/GD,P=NMG
where
V=digerstervolume,
I=dailyslurryinput,
R=retentionperiod,
Im=Manure input,
D = manure density,
P = biogas production
P =NMG
=(20,000heads)(0.025kg/head)(0.062 m3/kg)
= 31 m3
Im=0.8P/GD,sincemanureis20%aircontent
=[(0.8)(31m3)]/[(0.062m3/kg)(950kg/m3)]
= 0.42 m3
I =2Im, since optimum manure-water ratio is 1:1 by volume
= 2(0.42 m3)

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 =0.84 m3/day
V =IR
=(0.84m3/day)(30days)
= 25.2 m3

REFERENCES:
1. PhilippineAgriculturalEngineeringStandards,2nded.
2. BiogasPlantDesignbyArthurIt.Tambong,1992
3. RenewableEnergyJournal,variousissues&authors
4. FundamentalsofEnvironmentalSciencebyG.C.Catchillar,2008
5. Handoutsandfact sheetsfromvarioussources

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