Group 2 - CHAPTER1 2 3

Republic of the Philippines
North Eastern Mindanao State University

Cantilan Campus
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur
Telef ax No. 086-212-5132
Website: www.sdssu.edu.ph
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
Introduction
Have you ever paid for a fare with a huge bill but the teller or counter does
not have enough coins to make up your total change? Or if you’re a business
owner, don't have enough change to give to your customer? I believe we all have.
It's very frustrating, inconvenient, draining, and time-consuming to wait in a long
line to buy something and when it's time to pay, the teller or counter doesn't have
the exact coins for your change, so the teller has to ask for smaller bills to the
costumer and you have to wait for another few minutes to get that change.
These situations are prevalent in every transaction, especially in
businesses that offer goods and services, NEMSU - Cantilan campus canteen and
Nemsu-Cantilan Campus accounting office are no exception. There are also
instances where you’re not precisely changed when shopping. The seller replaces
an equal amount of exchange for candy. But according to the law, it is illegal for
establishments not to give exact change to their customers. Under the “Republic
Act No. 10909 or No Shortchanging Act,” establishments must provide the exact
change to their customers.
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One way to solve the problem mentioned, is to introduce and implement a
cashless payment system inside the Nemsu -Cantilan Campus. The use of EM
TYPE RFID cards will serve as their tool in making transactions inside the campus
premises. The cashless payment made the life of students, stay-at-home parents,
and the elderly very easy to carry out financial transactions without the need to
meet the financial institution staff. (YAKEAN, 2022). it also reduces the risk
associated with carrying cash (NEETU KUMARI 2017).
The researchers presented a design project titled "NEMSU CANTILAN
ELECTRONIC PAYMENT SYSTEM WITH IOT BASED NOTIFICATION," in which
this system will eliminate short changing and will help to make every transaction
made inside the campus fast and convenient by utilizing the schools RFID cards.
Researchers aims to develop machines that will accept cashless payment such
smart vending machine with RFID scanner. This system will be of great use to the
students and staff of the university.
Purpose and Description
The purpose of this study is to develop a convenient and fastest way for
students and staff of the NEMSU-Cantilan campus to pay their bills. It will help
them make every transaction more efficient and less time-consuming. In this way,
RFID based Smart vending machine with an electronic payment system with IoT
notification using a registered RFID card.
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Objectives of the Study
The objective of the study is to create and implement a system that is; Time
Efficient, User-Friendly, and has a User-Friendly interface that can be accessed
WITH ease and provides maximum output. Develop a Durable and Effective
Architecture that can be used inside the campus for the benefit of the students and
stuff.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The limit of this study is to develop a convenient and fastest way for
students, and staff of the NEMSU-Cantilan campus to pay their bills. One way to
put this research into reality is to develop a smart dispensing machine. This
machine dispenses products that are commonly found at sch ool canteen in which
RFID cards loaded with mobile money and will be used for payment. Developing
this machine will greatly contribute to the students and staff of NEMSU-Cantilan
Campus.
When the study is successfully realized the presence of restriction will stills
exist. Some of them are:
a. It has localized server in which transactions are only made inside the school
premises, external transactions are not allowed.
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b. The smart dispensing machine only accepts registered RFID cards of the
students.
c. The replenishment procedure will be done manually when the stock runs out.
Significance of the Study
This designed project is more of guest advantage and beneficial to the
following:
North Eastern Mindanao State University. This will help provide a fastest
and convenient transaction with in the campus.
Students/Teachers. It would be more effective for the students to be
provided with a registered RFID card that can be used in every transaction in the
school premises. It would also take lesser time and provide convenience when
getting access to services within the school.
Definition of Terms
The following terms are stated with precise words to explain each meaning of the
components used in the research.
RFID Reader (Radio frequency identification). Is a scanner of the card that serves
as the key pass of the students/teachers. Without it, you cannot access the smart
vending machine.
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Dispenser (Servo and motor). It is a mechanical device that consists of a servo
and motor that will dispense the product.
Mobile Payment. A mobile payment is a money payment made for a product or
service through a portable electronic device such as a tablet or cell phone. Mobile
payment technology can also be used to send money to friends or family
members, such as with the applications PayPal
Short Changing. A manner of giving insufficient money as change in some
transaction. Short changing is what this research paper tries to solution.
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CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter includes pertinent literature and studies, both of which have an
important bearing on how the current study has evolved.
Related Literature
Foreign
According to the Statista Fintech report, in 2019, the total amount of
transactions in the digital payment segment was estimated at 3,670,864 million
euros, and by 2023, it is estimated to increase to 5,921,831 million euros. An
electronic payment system is a means of paying through an e-network, where an
individual may pay for products and services online. There are quite a few e-
payment systems that have been established in the payment sector around the
world, electronic payment systems are classified into various categories, namely
e-cash, e-wallet, online payment, card-based, etc.
According to the study of Oney et al. (2017), stated that the individual
experiences of customers in North Cyprus are essential as they provide insights
which, besides enriching the relevant literature, offer a clear perspective for
practitioners such as businesses, advertising, marketing agencies and financial
institutions that are currently using Electronic Payment Systems (EPS) services.
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According to the study of Thammarat & Kurutach (2018), they stated that
there are three categories: inline, online, and offline. A number of mobile payment
protocols have been proposed to secure mobile payment based on SMS text
messaging. Saxena and Chaudhari suggested Easy SMS, which offers end-to-end
secure communication through SMS between mobile users and is able to prevent
several attacks, such as SMS disclosure, air modification, replay attacks, man -in-
the-middle attacks, and impersonation attacks. SMS model of e-commerce
payment, based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC). The authors argue that
their model satisfies the properties of confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and
nonrepudiation.
Today, online retail in EU countries is growing exponentially, particularly in
southern Europe. The European B2C e-commerce rose from 530 billion euros in
2016 to 602 billion euros in 2017, growth rate of nearly 14% (Ecommerce Europe
2017, cited 27.09.2017).
The study of Mahajan et al. (2020), The use of web technology for product
searching and payment has decreased the use of paper and cash in a tremendous
way and also use of online transaction capability for product dispensing and
network interfacing has made human delay incurred in dispatching of product
almost negligible in addition to that the system is developed at a minimal cost
making it affordable to any organization.
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Local
Based on the study by Somasundaram (2020), improvement in safety and
cybersecurity of financial transactions and simplification of the system can
increase the promotion of digital payment systems. In the Philippine context, the
government continues to face and work on these hurdles as the country is still in
its early stage of transitioning to digital payments.
Furthermore, the cashless transaction s in the Philippines have been
increasing because of the growing popularity of online shopping among young,
urban Filipinos. For this reason, there had been very involved in the cashless
transactions growth, where they worked with both private sector and government
agencies for evolving the cashless solutions. As the growing advancement, people
think more adding it with SMS notification and mostly electronic payment Cash
system added more platform
According to the study of Espinosa et al. (2021), Radio Frequency Identification or
RFID is a type of wireless technology that utilizes radio waves in order to transmit
data. RFID systems include three parts which are RFID tags, RFID reader, and an
antenna. The RFID reader and antenna combination sends out radio frequency
energy in order to power up the chip in the RFID card for it to be able to transfer
data. When this type of system is applied in payment transactions like in a cafeteria
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or canteen, it will help eliminate long queues and record inventory and sales within
a short amount of time.
According to the research study of Michelle Renee D. Ching (2017, the
National Retail Payment System (NRPS) aims to promote interoperability on
electronic payment transactions, enhance transparency and accountability in
financial transactions and allow provision of broader range of access in financial
services that could fill in the gap in the Philippine’s predicament on cashless
transactions, which BSP hopes to help boost the electronic payments done per
month from 1% to 20%, as reported by Rappler in 2015.
The study of De Leon et al. (2021) E-payment systems in the Philippines
mostly do not require a bank account and can be easily accessible using mobile
phones. Systems such as GCash and PayMaya, make it easier for Filipinos to use
digital payment platforms. Eliminated the requirement of bank accounts, e-
payment systems have a strong potential in a low bank country like The
Philippines.
The study Sharma et al. (2021) stated that COVID-19 has accelerated the
adoption of digital payments. COVID-19 and subsequent lockdowns have
necessitated businesses and financial service providers to adapt their 8 World
Bank Global Financial Inclusion Database (2017). This was in large part due to the
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government pushing economic relief paymen ts through digital accounts. In fact,
nearly 4 million new digital accounts were opened during the pandemic.
Related Studies
This chapter covers the relevant literature and studies, both of which have
a substantial bearing on how the current study has evolved.
Foreign
Murena et al. (2020), According to them the machine control system drives
all these systems like Wi-Fi, GPRS and any advancement technically. The control
system mainly consists of the relay control, microcomputer control and PLC
control. The Machine payment systems come in different forms and the most
common being is the coin payment system. The machine has an integrated system
of Mechanical and Electronic concepts to bring about a compact product delivery
process and the process for placin g personal account information into mobile
devices, called Over-the-Air (OTA) Provisioning, to be used by mobile phone
carriers today for transactional purposes (CRIP Design, 2020, p. 6, 7 & 10).
According to OECD (2019), The Czech Republic introduced a requirement
for the electronic recording of sales in 2016. The first phase of electronic
registration of sales was launched on 1 December 2016 and applied to food
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services and accommodation services. The second phase commenced on 1 March
2017, applicable to retail and wholesale businesses.
As stated by S. M. S. Arifin et al. (2019), The use of the card can solve some
disadvantages of traditional vending machines, such as avoiding using at
counterfeit money, and the price of goods not depend on the denomin ation of
circulating money. But the distribution of the card is limited, only in the capital city,
so it has difficulties when it applied in district area. To solve those problems, in this
paper is proposed the new vending machine based on SMS (Short Message
System) gateway system. Generally, the smart vending machine can be operated
for all telecommunication provider that has feature of transfer balance.
In A. Ensor et al. (2019), IoTs ability has limited to take advantage of M2M,
P2P, and even Machine-2-Peer (M2P) transactions. Zhang and Wen explain that
traditional E-business models are not suitable for IoT because of their reliance on
third-party intermediaries which prevent Peer-to-Peer (P2P)/ Machine-2-Machine
(M2M) payments. IoT’s ability to provide P2P/M2M interactions is largely seen as
one of its primary advantages, so it would make sense to have payment systems
that also take advantage of these relationships.
T. A. Alghamdi et al. (2020) stated that integrated blockchain with IoT
devices to develop an automatic and trustful review system to monetize IoT data.
SCs are used for secure transactions and automated payments. The Internet of
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Things (IoT) industry has remarkably evolved over the last decade and is applied
in different fields of life to make them efficient and intelligent.
Local
According to Ronaldo Dante et al. (2019), Electronics payment remains a
significant factor in today's e-business sector. Since businesses are expanding
globally and also offering online options, the need for alternative forms of payment
is quite substantial. The use of payment systems has increased substantially and
has changed the way consumers do business. Payment systems have also
catalyzed new business formations and social practices. The term electronic
money was formed from online payment systems, electronic ordering and payment
system.
Since electronic payments are now prevalent in many countries today, there
are various companies involved on setting up electronic or digital cashless
payments support.
As reported by Romero et al. (2019), The volume of monthly digital
payments in the Philippines grew from 10% 2 in 2018 to 14% in 2019. This
corresponds to a 27% increase in volume, driven primarily by high -frequency, low-
value retail transactions, like merchant payments. In 2019, an estimated 4.8 billion
payments were made per month. Individuals comprised the largest group of payers
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making nearly 77% of all payments in the country, followed by payments made by
businesses (22%) and by governments (1%). Of these three groups, government
payments (G2X) are the most digitized, as they were the previous year. 80% of
G2X payments by volume were made through digital channels, up from 63% in
2018. In contrast, the business sector (B2X) is the least digitized, with only 6% of
its payments in digital form. Payments made by people (P2X) are 15% digital (up
from 12% in 2018).
G.M. Llanto et al. (2018), according to them, In the Philippines, the country’s
two successive development plans, namely Philippine Development Plan (PDP)
2011-2016 and 2017-2022, have identified financial inclusion as a key objective
for achieving the country’s goal of inclusive growth. The experience of Philippine
microfinance banks and NGOs in the past two decades has pointed to the salutary
financial inclusion means bringing all segments of a population irrespective of them
economic situation to have effective access to a wide range of financial products
and services (World Bank, BSP, Llanto 2017).
According to Panganiban et al. (2022), Mobile money is a technology that
allows users to access financial services easier and more conveniently using only
a mobile phone and an internet connection. With the growth of Filipinos using
smartphones, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas saw mobile money as the answer to the
Philippines' progress toward financial inclusion. the adoption of financial
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technology in the Philippines is growing, although slowly. Schellhase and Garcia
stated that three factors could push through the digital transformation in the
Philippines: The country's young and increasingly urban demographics, the
economy's strong recent and projected performance, and the growing popularity
of mobile devices with internet access.
C.J.P. Olan & J.P. Briones (2022), they proposed a study of digital
payments that are accepted nowadays because of the convenience to the
consumer. People can shop, pay bills and pay government dues using online
payment facilities. Digital payments refer to various modes of payment that use
digital instruments such as mobile payments, mobile wallets, and electronic
payments (Alkhowater, 2020). It can also be referred to as electronic payments or
online payments. Currently, digital payments have taken over the entire world of
financial transactions whether this is meant for personal or commercial us.
Synthesis
The aim of the study for NEMSU Cantilan Electronic Cash System with
Notification is a system that can order through the creation of machine and product.
The admin part of the system can monitor sales order including customer's
information. The customer would find their experience most enhanced when the
online system gives flexibility for the customer to choose the delivery method and
receive notification on the ordering status.
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To minimize the inconvenience of changing money, paying, and limiting
their labor that consumes time, such as serving at a counter, one of the objectives
of this project is to provide a cashless effort in paying at canteen areas and goods
stores inside the campus. The system administrator can generate the client's
product and their payment, and the administrator can send notification to their
customer in order to assure the customers that placing an order would be simple.
The previous researcher’s studies cited about vending machines, digital or
electronically e-payment cashless machines, and gathered ideas from their
citations which they used to form their own concept. The internet is accelerating
the pace of innovation and transforming markets through technological
advancement like electronic payment, RFID system and the industry benefits from
such advances.
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CHAPTER 3
DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
Along with trying to deal away the limitations of the present process, this
"NEMSU CANTILAN ELECTRONIC PAYMENT SYSTEM WITH IOT BASED
NOTIFICATION," in which this system will eliminate short changing and will help
to make every transaction made inside the campus fast and convenient by utilizing
the schools RFID cards.
Research Design
The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is the name given to a wireless
technology that consists of two parts: tags and readers. A reader is a machine
equipped with one or more antennas that transmit radio waves and receive signals
from RFID tags. There are two types of tags: either passive or active. Tags utilize
wireless signals to transmit their identity and other information to adjacent readers.
Without a battery, passive RFID tags are powered by the reader.
Upon activation, the tag returns a wave to the antenna that is converted into
information. The RFID tag's built-in transponder. This will act as an access card
for the device for both students and teachers.
This project is a hardware assembling, and programming that was carried
out to develop the outcome of the designing phase. Therefore, RFID based Smart
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vending machine with an electronic payment system with IoT notification using a
registered RFID card. It will help them make every transaction more efficient and
less time-consuming.
On the other hand, which is the software part, Arduino Integrated
Development Environment (IDE) an open -source IDE that allows users to write
code and upload it to any Arduino board was used along with the installed of the
C++ programming. It is easily accessible for building projects by expert creator &
individuals around the world. It includes an ESP8266 microcontroller, which
processes data and supports the IoT system's efficient operation.
Research Respondents
The survey of university students who need access to the canteen to utilize
the school's RFID cards to make all on -campus transactions quick and easy. The
researchers use RFID to register the students and teachers that will serve as their
access to the device.
The university that has difficulty getting access to these over-the-counter
payment ordering will be introduced to the propose study. The school, teachers,
and students on campus will benefit from this study since it will allow them to
develop a convenient and fastest way to pay their bills. It will help them make every
transaction more efficient and less time-consuming.
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Students from the university served as the study's respondents. Specific
characteristics on the qualities required for the questionnaire were gathered and
identified by the researchers.
Research Instruments
In order to collect data for this study, the researcher used questionnaire
surveys supplemented by follow-up interviews and observations. The descriptive
research method was used in this study. The descriptive method was used in two
ways: the descriptive survey method and the descriptive evaluation method for the
RFID electronic cash payment system with IoT based notification to be utilize.
Research Procedures
Data Gathering
The researcher gathered data from doing a survey that was conducted
inside the campus premises. The first thing that the researcher do is to make a
proper request to answer the survey. The researchers used a descriptive method
of research in the survey. This survey is composed of different questions to be
evaluated by the students. They also get the ideas regarding with this project
through the internet and different search engines and websites, as well as the
current data.
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Data Analysis
Slovin's Formula and the Percentage Formula were used in this study to
analyze data. These statistics are derived from the survey and questionnaires
completed by the students who participated in this study. The researcher analyzed
the data and read each transcript several times to correctly identify the
respondents' answers.
The response of the students describing the RFID electronic cash payment
system with IoT based notification were presented and answered. The
researcher's study has the highest satisfaction rate and the best way to utilize the
school's RFID cards to make all on -campus transactions quick and easy through
automation and IoT.
f
P= x100
The formula is: n
Where:
P= Percentage
f= Frequency
n= no. of respondents
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System Analysis and Design
In developing a system, the researchers use the Development Life Cycle
and the Water Fall Model. For software engineering, the waterfall model is a
popular version of the systems development life cycle model. The waterfall model,
often regarded as the traditional approach to the systems development life cycle,
describes a linear and sequential development method. Each phase and
development of a waterfall development has distinct goals. Consider a waterfall on
a steep mountain cliff.
The water has begun its journey down the side of the elevation once it has
flowed over the edge of the precipice and cannot be reversed. Once one phase of
development is completed, the project moves on to the next, and there is no turning
back now.
SDLC Waterfall Model
PLANNING
REQUIREMENT
DESIGN
IMPLEMENTATION
VERIFICATION
MAINTENANCE
Figure 3.0 Illustration of Water Fall Model
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A. Requirement Analysis
The researcher evaluated the needed requirements in order for the

system to work.
Table 3.0 Hardware Requirements
Hardware Function
Esp8266 is a low-cost Wi-Fi microchip,

with built-in TCP/IP networking
software, and microcontroller capability,
produced by Espressif Systems in
Shanghai
Figure 3.1 Esp8266 Module
EM TYPE RFID Reader– is a scanner

of the card that serves as the key pass
of the students/teachers without it, you
cannot access the machine
Figure 3.2 EM TYPE RFID Reader
EM TYPE RFID - card that serves as

the key pass of the students/teachers of
the university
Figure 3.3 EM TYPE RFID
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Servo Motor – is a mechanical device

that consists of a servo and spring that
dispenses the medicine.
Figure 3.4 Servo Motor
Table 3.1 Software Requirements
Software Function
Arduino IDE – is the programming

integrated development environment
used in creating and running the code in
this machine.
Figure 3.5 Arduino IDE
The Hypertext Markup Language or

HTML - is the standard markup
language for documents designed to be
displayed in a web browser.
Figure 3.6 Html
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PHP is a general-purpose scripting

language geared toward web
development.
Figure 3.7 PHP
MySQL is an open-source relational

database management system.
Figure 3.8 PHP
CSS or Cascading Style Sheets is a

style sheet language used for
describing the presentation of a
document written in a markup language
such as HTML or XML. CSS is a
cornerstone technology of the World
Wide Web, alongside HTML and
JavaScript.
Figure 3.9 CSS
JavaScript - JavaScript, often

abbreviated as JS, is a programming
language that is one of the core
technologies of the World Wide Web,
alongside HTML and CSS.
Figure 3.10 JAVASCRIPT
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B. System Design
Flow Chart of the Project
Figure 3.9 Reading Card Flow
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Figure 3.10 Dispense Product Flow
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Block Diagram
Figure 3.15 Block Diagram
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C. Implementation
The components required to implement the Machine were gathered by the
researchers. We loaded the program into the Arduino in order for the device to
function. The teachers and students must register their RFIDs in order for them to
gain access. To ensure access to these electronic payment systems, these are
programmed into the Arduino.
In order to dispense the machine's output, the servo motor is an important
factor. To order, customer will provide a QR code leading them to a flatform were
all of the product of the vending machine are listed. To place and order, customer
will click the item listed and the quantity. After placing an order, customer receive
a confirmation within the flatform saying if you're ready to pay then the customer
would have to scan their registered RFID.
The flatform will provide information for the user to understand the device
on-screen. To properly work for the students and teachers inside the Campus,
those would be connected to the machine.
D. System Testing
This section of the researchers is yet to be fill since the researcher are
not on the prototyping phase. The researchers will be testing the different
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components and their functions, and a series of tests will be performed and
documented.
E. System Deployment
North Eastern Mindanao State University will use the device. This device will
be extremely beneficial to both students and teachers. These will be a huge help
to the school in adapting to these new norms and creating a space for students to
access in the canteen automation.
F. System Maintenance
The system can be maintained by the researchers as well as by the user if
properly guided by the researchers.
During the implementation of the designed project, the researchers should
teach the user how to operate the system, how to tell if the system is working, and
how to troubleshoot the system. These will increase user confidence and
satisfaction while avoiding more serious problems in the future.
Following implementation, the researchers are required to improve the system
and resolve the problem of software configuration within the warranty period. The
warranty must only cover system failure/code errors, as well as any detection
made by the researchers.
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Republic of the Philippines

North Eastern Mindanao State University

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

It's very frustrating, inconvenient, draining, and time-consuming to wait in a long

These situations are prevalent in every transaction, especially in

Nemsu-Cantilan Campus accounting office are no exception. There are also

change to their customers.

One way to solve the problem mentioned, is to introduce and implement a

associated with carrying cash (NEETU KUMARI 2017).

The researchers presented a design project titled "NEMSU CANTILAN

ELECTRONIC PAYMENT SYSTEM WITH IOT BASED NOTIFICATION," in which

students and staff of the university.

Purpose and Description

notification using a registered RFID card.

Objectives of the Study

Efficient, User-Friendly, and has a User-Friendly interface that can be accessed

Scope and Limitations of the Study

exist. Some of them are:

premises, external transactions are not allowed.

Significance of the Study

This designed project is more of guest advantage and beneficial to the

and convenient transaction with in the campus.

Students/Teachers. It would be more effective for the students to be

getting access to services within the school.

components used in the research.

Dispenser (Servo and motor). It is a mechanical device that consists of a servo

and motor that will dispense the product.

Mobile Payment. A mobile payment is a money payment made for a product or

payment technology can also be used to send money to friends or family

members, such as with the applications PayPal

Short Changing. A manner of giving insufficient money as change in some

transaction. Short changing is what this research paper tries to solution.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

important bearing on how the current study has evolved.

According to the Statista Fintech report, in 2019, the total amount of

transactions in the digital payment segment was estimated at 3,670,864 million

euros, and by 2023, it is estimated to increase to 5,921,831 million euros. An

electronic payment system is a means of paying through an e-network, where an

e-cash, e-wallet, online payment, card-based, etc.

experiences of customers in North Cyprus are essential as they provide insights

practitioners such as businesses, advertising, marketing agencies and financial

the-middle attacks, and impersonation attacks. SMS model of e-commerce

their model satisfies the properties of confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and

Today, online retail in EU countries is growing exponentially, particularly in

2017, cited 27.09.2017).

network interfacing has made human delay incurred in dispatching of product

almost negligible in addition to that the system is developed at a minimal cost

making it affordable to any organization.

Based on the study by Somasundaram (2020), improvement in safety and

cybersecurity of financial transactions and simplification of the system can

its early stage of transitioning to digital payments.

Furthermore, the cashless transaction s in the Philippines have been

increasing because of the growing popularity of online shopping among young,

system added more platform

According to the study of Espinosa et al. (2021), Radio Frequency Identification or

a short amount of time.

According to the research study of Michelle Renee D. Ching (2017, the

National Retail Payment System (NRPS) aims to promote interoperability on

electronic payment transactions, enhance transparency and accountability in

financial transactions and allow provision of broader range of access in financial

month from 1% to 20%, as reported by Rappler in 2015.

The study of De Leon et al. (2021) E-payment systems in the Philippines