Lab-8

Population Growth & Newton Law of Cooling Models

8.1 Objective

 Understanding of population growth model

 Matlab script to study the effect of variation of parameters in model
 Understanding Newton Law of cooling
 Matlab script to study the effect of variation of parameters in model

8.2 Theoretical Overview

8.3 Matlab Script for Population Growth

p0 = 100; % Size of Population at time 0 K = 2; % Population

Growth Rate t = 0:0.2:10; % Time period in years pt = p0 *
exp(K.*t); %Equation growth in continuous time figure % Opens
a new figure window plot(t,pt) % Plot the figure xlabel
('Time(Years)') ylabel('Population Growth') grid on

8.4 Matlab script for Newton law of cooling

t = 0:5:80; % Time period y = 5 +

95*exp(-0.054*t); % Formula figure; %Make
a figure plot(t,y); % Make a plot
xlabel('Time'); % Show time on x-axis
ylabel('Newton Law of Cooling'); % Show
title on Yaxis
 grid on

8.5 Tasks

8.5.1 You have learned Malthusian law of population growth during your lab. Now Explain
the model of Logistic growth, explain its working, apply this model in Matlab and provide
relevant output. This model was created by Verhulst for population growth. But Now-a-days
it can be used in variety of real-life problems.

Logistic growth model

Population dynamics is a study of the growth rate and death rate of the biological population. This
population dynamics can be studied effectively using various mathematical models such as
exponential growth model, logistic growth model. Mr. Malthus introduced the Exponential growth
model which states that the population growth rate increases exponentially with the time. But in the
real world, the availability of resources both natural and manmade is limited. Mr.Verhulst enhanced
the exponential growth theory of population, as saying that the population's growth is NOT ALWAYS
growing, but there is always a certain LIMIT or a Carrying Capacity to the exponential growth. When
this carrying capacity is reached the population growth becomes constant. This is the Logistic
Growth Model. Logistic equation gives a relationship between the growth rate and the population.
Logistic equation states that the rate of population dp/dt is directly proportional to the current
population(P).

dp /dt =r∗p
where r is proportionality constant.

The growth rate cannot always be steady. The growth rate will be affected either by predation or by
environmental factors or resources. The population is reduced by a fraction 11k. Hence a factor of I-
p/k is included. The equation is

dp /dt=r∗p∗( 1− p/k )
Carrying capacity(k) can be defined as a limit up to which the growth of population increases with
increase in time and above which the population rate decreases with increase in time. 

Code

function logistic_Model

% Parameters

k = 0.5; %growth rate

c = 250; % Carrying capacity

x0 = 10; %Initial value

% Time information

N_end = 100; %number of iterations

%Store initial value in the solution vector

x(1) = x0; %First entry in solution vector is initial value

%Matlab starts indexing vectors at 1.

%iterate to get solution values!!

for n = 1:1:N_end-1

x(n+1) = x(n) + k*x(n)*(1-x(n)/c);

end

%plot

%-> Solutions is stored in x

%-> Plot against time n

nvec = 1:1:N_end; %stores n values to plot against

plot(nvec,x,'-o');

hold on

Output

Figure 8.1