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Structural Design of a Reinforced Concrete Balcony
Slab to BS 8110

Design of Reinforced Concrete Balcony with Dwarf Wall

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Structural Design
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Plan of Balcony Slab

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1 of 10 05/10/22, 15:31
CivilStructural Guru: Structural Design of a Reinforced Concrete Balco... http://civstructguru.blogspot.com/2014/09/structural-design-of-balcony-...

Section through Balcony Slab

Moment and Shear

Slab Geometry

Span of slab = 1200 + (225/2) = 1312.5 mm = 1.3125 m

Design width = 1000 mm = 1 m

Slab Details

Thickness of slab = 150 mm

Characteristic strength of concrete; fcu = 20 N/mm2

Characteristic strength of reinforcement; fy = 460 N/mm2

Material safety factor; γm = 1.05

Cover to bottom reinforcement; c = 20 mm

Cover to top reinforcement; c’ = 20 mm

Loading details

Slab loading

Dead load

Self weight of slab = 0.15 × 24 = 3.6 kN/m2

Finishes @ 0.6 kN/m2 = = 0.6 kN/m2

Characteristic dead load; gk = 4.2 kN/m2

Dwarf wall loading

Wall is 150 mm hollow block wall (BS 648:1964, Schedule of weights of building materials)

Load per m run (Point load) = 1.52 × 1 = 1.52 kN/m

Characteristic dead load; gk = 1.52 kN/m

Imposed load (Office general use = 2.5 kN/m2 ,BS 6399-1:1996, Table 1)

Characteristic imposed load; qk = 2.5 kN/m2

Design loading factors

Dead load factor; γG = 1.4

Imposed load factor; γQ = 1.6

Moment redistribution ratio; βb = 1.0

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CivilStructural Guru: Structural Design of a Reinforced Concrete Balco... http://civstructguru.blogspot.com/2014/09/structural-design-of-balcony-...

Design loads

Dead loads

Slab

Slab load = 1.4 × 4.2× 1 = 5.88 kN/m

Dwarf wall load = 1.4 × 1.52 = 2.13 kN

Imposed loads

Slab

Slab load = 1.6 × 2.5× 1 = 4.00 kN/m

Moment and Shear

Service Moment

Mudl = (0.5 × 4.2 × 1.31252) + (0.5 × 2.5 × 1.31252) = 5.77kNm

Mpoint = 1.52 × 1.3125 = 2.00 kNm

Design Moment

Mudl = (0.5 × 5.88 × 1.31252) + (0.5 × 4.00 × 1.31252) = 8.51kNm

Mpoint = 2.13 × 1.3125 = 2.80 kNm

Design Shear force

V = (5.88 × 1.3125) + (4.00 × 1.3125) + 2.13 = 15.10 kN

Slab Design (Per metre run of balcony)

Using 12 mm main bars and 10 mm distribution bars

Effective depth of reinforcement; d = 150 – 20 + (12/2) = 124 mm

Support moment; m’ = 8.51 + 2.80 = 11.31 kNm/m

Design reinforcement

(3.4.4.4)

Lever arm; K’ = 0.402 × (βb – 0.4) – 0.18 × (βb – 0.4)2 = 0.176

K = m / (d2 × fcu) = 0.036778 < 0.176

Compression reinforcement is not required

(3.4.4.4)

z = min((0.5 + √(0.25 – (K / 0.9))), 0.95) × d = 117.8 mm

Area of reinforcement designed; Asreqd = m / (z × fy / γm) = 219.70 mm2/m

Minimum area of reinforcement required; Asmin = 0.0013 × h = 195 mm2/m

Area of reinforcement required; Asreq = max(Asreqd, Asmin) = 219.70 mm2/m

Provide 12 mm dia bars @ 200 mm centres

Area of main reinforcement provided; Asprov = 566 mm2/m

Provide 10 mm dia bars @ 200 mm centres

Area of distribution reinforcement provided; Asprov = 393 mm2/m

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CivilStructural Guru: Structural Design of a Reinforced Concrete Balco... http://civstructguru.blogspot.com/2014/09/structural-design-of-balcony-...

Shear Check

Maximum allowable shear stress; vmax = min(0.8 × √(fcu), 5) = 3.58 N/mm2

shear stress; v = V / (b × d) = 15.10 ×103 / (1000 × 124) = 0.122 N/mm2

Shear capacity of Slab; vc = (min(fcu,40)/25)1/3×0.79×min(100×Asprov/(b×d),3)1/3×max(400/d,1)1

/4/1.25

Shear capacity of Slab; vc = 0.756 N/mm2 > 0.122 N/mm2

Shear Capacity Okay

Check deflection

Basic span/d ratio = 7

Kudl = 0.25

Kpoint = 0.33

Adjusted basic ratio = Basic ratio× (Mudl + Mpoint × Kudl/ Kpoint)/( Mudl + Mpoint )

Adjusted basic ratio = 7× (5.77 + 2.00 × 0.25/ 0.33)/( 5.77 + 2.00 ) = 6.56

Design service stress; fs = 2 × fy × Asreq / (3 × Asprov × βb) = 119.04 N/mm2

Modification factor; k1 = min(0.55+(477N/mm2-fs)/(120×(0.9N/mm2+(m/d2))),2) = min (2.38, 2.00)

Modification factor; k1 = 2.00

Allowable span to depth ratio; = 6.56 × k1 = 13.12

Actual span to depth ratio; L / d = 1312.5/124 = 10.58

L/d ratio Okay

Check Cracking

Clear spacing of bars = 200 – 12 = 188 mm

3d = 3 × 124 = 372 mm

47000/fs = 47000/119.04 = 394 mm

Bar spacing Okay

Anchorage length

Ultimate anchorage bond stress, fbu = β√fcu = 0.5√20

fbu = β√fcu = 2.24 N/mm2

L = (0.95fy) × �/ (4 fbu)� = (0.95×460×12)/ (4× 2.24) = 585.26 mm

L = 0.58526 m

However, ISTRUCTE detailers’ manual recommends

L = (1.5 × span) + 0.1125 = (1.5 × 1.3125) + 0.1125

L = 2.08125 m

Also L = 0.3 × span preceding cantilever span

In this case we take 4.5 m

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CivilStructural Guru: Structural Design of a Reinforced Concrete Balco... http://civstructguru.blogspot.com/2014/09/structural-design-of-balcony-...

L = 0.3 × 4.5 = 1.35 m

Therefore we adopt L = 2.08125m

i.e. 2.1 m from the centerline of the support

Posted by CivilStructural Guru at 13:12

Location: Port Harcourt, Nigeria

35 comments:

Bandula Prasad 3 December 2015 at 09:09

Good post.
http://structuraldesignbs.blogspot.com/

Reply

Replies

CivilStructural Guru 23 August 2017 at 12:41

Thank you very much, Bandula Prasad

Gaurav Arya 25 March 2021 at 14:07

Hi, I really liked your indepth analysis of reinforcement related to structural

stability wrt cantilever beam and slab
for balcony. Could you please also assess the following case I posted on
Quora.

How do I extend a balcony of 1.2x2.5m of a preconstructed apartment

using cantilever beams?
It is a third floor. Column size is 9x12 inches. I am going to use 6 top bars
of 16 mm and 3 bottom bars of 16mm, curtailing 2 top bars at 0.6m with
the main slab bars of 12mm and distribution bars of 10mm. Stirrups bar of
8mm with spacing 4 inches center to center. cover block of 30mm with
hook angle 135 degrees and angling downwards. slab thickness at
support 6 inches

As it is preconstructed apartment, I could not extend the bar back,

however I have reclaimed around 0.6m beam and slab bars after
demolishing beam and slab. Will this be enough for lapping length of slab
and development length of cantilever beam. I plan to create a brick wall (4
inches, 9 feet ceiling height) to include this space inside to be used as a
kitchen counter of 2 feet and overhead storage. What modifications I can
perform to ensure safety.

Total reinforcement area is now 3feet 6 inches cantilever, column(9″x12″),

2feet overlapping length.

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