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CHAPTER 3
Metals and Non-Metals
22. How are ionic compounds formed? 31. Why do we use copper and aluminium wire for
Ans : [CBSE 2012] transmission of electric current?
Ans : [CBSE 2011]
Gallium has a melting point 303 K, it melts on palm.
Copper and aluminium are ductile and good
23. It nature, aluminium is found in combined state conductors of electricity, therefore they are used in
whereas silver/gold are found in free state. Give transmission wires.
reason.
Ans : [CBSE 2012, 2010, 2011] 32. Why do we use copper and aluminium wire for the
transmission of electric current?
Aluminium is reactive metal, therefore it is found in
Ans : [CBSE 2011]
combined state whereas silver/gold are less reactive
(noble) metals and so are found in free state. It is has 4 to 8 valence electrons, it is a non-metal.
Exception is hydrogen which has 1 valence electron
24. Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity in molten and He which has 2 valence electrons, but these are
state and not in solid state? non- metals.
Ans : [CBSE 2010,2012]
33. Name two metals which are found in nature in free
Ionic compounds do not conduct electricity in solid state.
state because ions are not free to move. In molten
Ans : [CBSE 2011]
state, ions are free to move.
Gold and silver are found in free state.
25. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction:
Aluminium when heated in air. Write the name of the 34. Why do we apply paint on iron grills?
product formed. Ans : [CBSE 2011]
Ans : [CBSE 2012] Iron grills are painted to prevent them from rusting.
35. Why does stainless steel not get rusted easily? c. Which is used to galvanise iron articles?
Ans : [CBSE 2010] d. Whose articles when exposed to air forms a black
coating?
Stainless steel is an alloy of Fe, C, Cr and Ni, therefore
it does not get rusted. Ans : [CBSE 2016]
a. Carbon makes it hard and strong. Tungsten also
36. Why do we use gold and platinum metals in jewellery? makes it hard and strong.
Ans : [CBSE 2010] b. Mercury is alloyed with metals to form amalgam.
Gold and Platinum are lustrous metals and do hot c. Zinc metal is used for coating over iron metal to
react with substances present in the atmosphere, galvanise iron.
therefore remain lustrous for a long time. d. Silver articles acquire black coating when left
exposed to the atmosphere.
37. Which property makes solder alloy suitable for welding
electric wires? 45. Which of the following listed metals can displace zinc
from its salt solution? Give reason for your answer
Ans : [CBSE 2010]
with a chemical equation:
Its melting point is low which makes solder suitable Copper, Lead, Magnesium, Silver
for welding. Ans : [CBSE 2016]
38. What is the valency of silicon with atomic number 14? Magnesium can displace zinc from zinc salt solution
Ans : [CBSE 2010] because Mg is more reactive than zinc:
Mg(s) + ZnSO4(aq) $ MgSO4(aq) + Zn(s)
Si (2,8,4): Its valency is 4 because it can share four
electrons to become stable. 46. The reaction of metal X with Fe2O3 is highly exothermic
and is used to join railway tracks. Identify metal X.
39. What is the valency of phosphorus with atomic
Write the chemical equation for the reaction.
number 15?
Ans : [CBSE 2016]
Ans : [CBSE 2010]
X is Al.
P (2, 8, 5): Its valency is 3 because it can gain three 2Al + Fe2O3 $ Al2O3 + 2Fe
electrons to become stable.
47. (a) In electrolytic refining of impure copper metal,
40. What is the valency of an element with atomic number
what are used as cathode and anode?
35? (b) Show the formation of HgCl2 from magnesium
Ans : [CBSE 2010] and chlorine atoms.
Br(35) (2, 8, 18, 7): Its valency is equal to 1 because Ans : [CBSE 2016]
it can gain one electron to become stable. (a) Pure copper is used as the cathode, impure copper
41. Arrange the following metals in decreasing order of is used as the anode.
reactivity are Na, K, Cu, Ag
(b)
Ans : [CBSE 2009]
K > Na > Cu > Ag is the decreasing order of reactivity. 48. Write one example of each of
a. a metal which is so soft, that it can be cut with a
42. Which of the following two metals will melt at body
knife and a non-metal which is the hardest known
temperature (37°C): Gallium, Magnesium, Caesium,
substance.
Aluminium?
b. a metal and a non-metal which exist as liquid at
Ans : [CBSE 2008(C)] room temperature.
Gallium and Caesium will melt at the body Ans : [CBSE 2015]
temperature.
a. Sodium is so soft that it can be easily cut with a
43. Show the electronic transfer in formation of MgCl2 knife.
from its elements. b. Diamond is the allotrope of carbon, which is the
Ans : [CBSE 2008] hardest known substance and a non-metal.
c. Mercury is a metal and Bromine is a non-
metal which are found in liquid state at room
temperature.
52. A copper plate was dipped into a solution of silver 57. Define alloy. How an is alloy prepared?
nitrate. After sometime a black layer was observed on Ans : [CBSE 2014]
the surface of copper plate. State the reason for it and
Alloy is an homogeneous mixture of two or more
write chemical equation for the reaction involved.
metals. One of them can be a non-metal also. Alloys
Ans : [CBSE 2015] are made by melting two metals together and then
Copper is more reactive than Ag, therefore it can cooling it.
displace Ag from AgNO3 solution:
Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) $ Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(s) 58. In one of the methods of rust prevention, iron is not
coated with anything. Name that method and define
53. Give reason: it.
a. Carbonate and sulphide ores are usually converted Ans : [CBSE 2014]
into oxides during the process of extraction of
The method is alloy formation, by adding a suitable
metals.
metal or a non-metal.
b. Ionic compounds generally have high melting
point. Alloy is. a homogeneous mixture of two or more
c. Hydrogen is not a metal but has been assigned a metals. One of them can be a non- metal also. This
place in the reactivity services of metals. process is called alloying.
d. The galvanised iron article is protected against
rusting even if the zinc layer is broken. 59. Give reasons for the following:
a. Platinum, gold and silver are used for making
Ans : [CBSE 2015]
jewellery.
a. It is easier to reduce an oxide than sulphide and b. Sodium, potassium and lithium are stored under
carbonate ores. kerosene oil.
b. It is due to strong forces of attraction between c. Aluminium is highly reactive metal but still used
positive and negative ions. for making cooking utensils.
c. Hydrogen form H+ ions like metals, therefore it is d. Carbonate and sulphide ores are usually converted
included in the activity series. into oxides during the process of extraction.
d. Zinc is more reactive than iron, therefore it will Ans : [CBSE 2013, 2014]
get easily oxidised in preference to Fe and hence
protect iron from rusting even if zinc coating is a. It is because they are lustrous metals.
broken. b. These are highly reactive metals.
c. It forms an oxide layer on its surface which makes
54. A compound Z is formed by transfer of electrons from it passive.
the metal X to a non-metal Y, Identify the type of d. It is easier to reduce a metal oxide than sulphides
bond formed in the compound. List three properties and carbonates.
of compound formed by such type of bonds.
60. What happens to potassium and sodium if they are
Ans : [CBSE 2014]
kept in open? Why are they 3 immersed in kerosene
The bond formed is ionic bond: oil?
a. The compound will have high melting and boiling Ans : [CBSE 2013]
point.
b. It will be soluble in water. Potassium and Sodium if kept in open, can catch the
c. It will conduct electricity in molten state as well presence of moisture.
as in aqueous solution. They are immersed in kerosene so that they do
not react with air and H2O present in the atmosphere.
55. Give reason for the following:
a. School bells are made up of metals. 61. Why hydrogen gas is not evolved when a metal reacts
with nitric acid? Molecular weight of NaOH = 40 g mol-1. Y is NaOH
Ans : [CBSE 2013] and Z is H2 gas which easily catches fire.
Nitric acid is an oxidising agent, therefore H2(g) is not 68. Name the following:
evolved on reaction with metal. Dilute HNO3 mostly a. A metal which is preserved in kerosene.
gets reduced to NO in this process. b. A lustrous coloured non-metal.
c. A metal which melts when kept on palm.
62. Why is iron galvanised with zinc? Can it be galvanised
d. A metal which is a poor conductor of heat.
with copper? If not, why?
Ans : [CBSE 2013, 2012]
Ans : [CBSE 2013]
a. Sodium or Potassium
Iron is galvanised by zinc because zinc is more reactive
b. Iodine
than Fe. Iron cannot be galvanised by copper because
c. Gallium
copper is less reactive than iron and therefore iron
d. Lead
itself gets corroded when coated with copper.
69. Define the term alloy. Write the constituents of
63. Differentiate between roasting and calcination giving
Bronze.
examples.
Ans : [CBSE 2013]
Ans : [CBSE 2013]
Alloy is a homogeneous mixture of two or more metals.
Roasting Calcination One of them can be a non- metal also.
1. It is done in the It is done in the Alloys are made by melting two metals together
presence of oxygen. absence of oxygen. and then cooling it.
2. It is done with It is done with 70. Why do silver articles turn black and copper items
sulphide ores eg. carbonate ores e.g. turn green after sometime?
2ZnS + 3O 2 $ 2ZnO + 2SO 2 FeCO 3 Heat
FeO (s) + CO 2 (g) Ans : [CBSE 2013]
Silver turns black due to the formation of Ag2S, (Silver
sulphide). Copper turns green due to formation of
64. Name the ore of mercury. How mercury is extracted basic copper carbonate.
from its ore?
Ans : [CBSE 2013] 71. Give reasons for the following:
a. Iron grills are frequently painted.
Cinnabar (HgS) is the ore of mercury.
b. Gold ornaments retain their lustre even after
Roasting:
several years of use.
HgS(s) + O2(g) $ 2Hg(l) + SO2(g)
Cinnabar, on roasting gives Mercury and sulphur Ans : [CBSE 2013]
dioxide. Mercury can be purified by distillation a. It is done to prevent them from rusting.
process. b. Gold is least reactive, therefore it remains lustrous
even after several years.
65. How is copper obtained from Cu2S? Give reactions.
Ans : [CBSE 2013] 72. Give reasons for the following:
a. Aluminium oxide is considered has amphoteric
a. Roasting:
oxide.
Cu2S(s) + 3O2(g) $ 2Cu2O(s) + SO2(g)
b. Ionic compounds conduct electricity in molten
b. Self-Reduction:
Heat state.
Cu2S(s) + 2Cu2O(s) 6Cu(s) + SO2(g)
Ans : [CBSE 2012]
66. Explain, why calcium metal after reacting with water a. Al2O3 reacts with acids as well as bases, therefore
starts floating on its surface. Write the chemical it is regarded as amphoteric oxide.
equation for the reaction. b. In molten state, ions are free to move, therefore it
Ans : [CBSE 2013, 2012] conducts electricity.
Calcium reacts with water to form Ca(OH)2 and H2
73. How do properties of iron change when
gas.
a. a small quantity of carbon is mixed in it?
Ca(s) + 2H2O(l) $ Ca(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)
b. nickel and chromium are mixed in it?
The bubbles of hydrogen gas sticks to the surface of
calcium and therefore it floats over water. Ans : [CBSE 2012]
a. It becomes hard and does not get rusted.
67. When a metal X is reacted with cold water, it gives b. It becomes lustrous and malleable and so it does
a basic compound Y with molecular formula XOH not get rusted.
(Molecular mass 40) and liberates a gas Z which easily
catches fire. Identify X, Y, Z. 74. You must have seen tarnished copper vessels being
Ans : [CBSE 2013, 2012] cleaned with lemon or tamarind juice. Explain why
these sour substances are effective in cleaning the
X is Na (Sodium).
vessels.
2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) $ 2NaOH(aq) + H2(s)
(Cold) Ans : [CBSE 2012]
Copper vessel coated with a green layer of CuCO3. and then cooling the mould of two metals being mixed
Cu(OH)2 which reacts with acid present in lemon or that forms the alloy.
tamarind juice and get removed it. Some substances Solder is an alloy of lead and tin. It has low melting
contain acids which react with basic substances to point, therefore it is used for welding purposes.
form soluble salt which can be easily removed.
82. Using the electronic configuration, explain how
75. Name two metals which can be used to reduce metal magnesium atom combines with oxygen atom to form
oxides to metals. magnesium oxide by transfer of electrons.
Ans : [CBSE 2012] Ans : [CBSE 2011]
Aluminium and Magnesium
2Al + Fe2O3 $ Al2O3 + 2Fe
3Mg + Fe2O3 $ 3MgO + 2Fe
92. Give reason for the following: At cathode: Zn2+ + 2e- $ Zn(s)
(Pure)
a. Metals can be given different shapes according to
b. Copper sulphite is concentrated by froth floation
our needs.
process.
b. Hydrogen is not evolved when a metal reacts with
i. 2Cu2S + 3O2 $ 2Cu2O + 2SO2
nitric acid.
ii. Reduction: Cu2S + 2Cu2O $ 6Cu + SO2
Ans : [CBSE 2008(C)] iii. Electrolytic refining:
a. Metals are malleable, therefore they can be given At cathode: Cu2+ + 2e- $ Cu
(pure)
different shapes.
At anode: Cu $ Cu2+ + 2e-
b. It is because HNO3(dil.) is a good oxidising agent. (Impure)
129. Observe the two test tubes A and B as shown in b. It is an ionic compound.
the diagram given below and answer the following 1. It is soluble in water.
questions : 2. It conducts electricity in molten state and in
aqueous solution.
3. It is a hard solid.
135. A metal (E) is stored under kerosene oil. When a small This reaction need heat to start but it is highly
piece of it is left open in air, it catches fire. When exothermic.
the product formed is dissolved in water, it turns red This reaction belongs to the category of:
litmus blue. (1) Displacement reaction,
a. Name the metal (E). (2) Redox reaction.
b. Write the chemical equation for the reaction 137. Four metals A, B, C and D are added to the following
when it is exposed to air and when the product is aqueous solutions one by one. The observations made
dissolved in water. are tabulated below:
c. Explain the process by which metal is obtained
from its molten chloride. Iron (II) Copper (II) Zinc Silver nitrate
Ans : [CBSE 2012,2011] sulphate sulphate sulphate
A No Reaction Reddish Brown .......... ..........
a. E is sodium metal. Deposit
b. 2Na + 2H2O $ 2NaOH + H2
B Grey Deposit .......... No Reaction ..........
H2 gas will catch fire.
NaOH turns red litmus blue. C No Reaction No Reaction No Reaction White Shining
4Na(s) + O2(s) $ 2Na2O(s) Deposit
Na2O + H2O(aq) $ 2NaOH(aq) D No Reaction No Reaction No Reaction No Reaction
c. It is obtained by electrolytic reduction e.g., ‘Na’
metal is obtained by electrolysis of molten NaCl: Answer the following questions based on the above
NaCl
Electrolysis
N+ + Cl- observations:
Molten a. Which is the most active metal and why?
At cathode: Na+ + e- $ Na b. What would be observed if B is added to copper
At anode: Cl- $ Cl + e- (II) sulphate solution and why?
Cl + Cl $ Cl2 c. Arrange the metals A, B, C and D in order of
increasing reactivity.
136. a.Write two differences between calcination and d. Container of which metal can be used to store
roasting. [CBSE 2012] both zinc sulphate solution as well as silver nitrate
b. ‘No reaction takes place when granules of a solid solution?
‘A’ is mixed with a powder of solid ‘B’. However e. Which of the above solutions can be easily stored
when the mixture is heated, a reaction starts with in a container made up of any of these metals?
the evolution of much heat. Product ‘C’ of the
Ans : [CBSE Sample Paper 2009]
reaction settles down as a liquid metal and a solid
product ‘D’ keeps on floating over the liquid ‘C’. a. B is the most reactive because it displaces Fe. It
This reaction is sometimes used for making metals will displaces Fe. It will displace Cu as well as Ag
for ready use in odd places. also.
a. Based on this information, make assumptions b. B will displace copper from CuSO4 solution
about metals ‘A’ and ‘B’ and corresponding because it is more reactive than Cu.
deductions about ‘C’ and ‘D’ and write a balanced c. D is least reactive and D<C<A<B is the
chemical equation for the reaction. Include in increasing order of reactivity.
the chemical equation about the physical states d. Container of metal D can be used to store both
of the reactants and products, need for heating ZnSO4 and AgNO3.
for starting the reaction and the reaction being e. Zinc sulphate solution can be stored in container
exothermic. made up any of the metals A, B, C, D because none
b. Name two types of chemical reactions to which of them could displace zinc from zinc sulphate as
this reaction can belong to. these are less reactive than zinc.
Ans : [CBSE 2012]
a. Differences between calcination and roasting.
Roasting Calcination
1. It is done in the It is done in the
presence of oxygen. absence of oxygen.
2. It is done with It is done with
sulphide ores eg. carbonate ores e.g.
Heat
2ZnS + 3O2 FeCO3
$ FeO(s) +
2ZnO + CO2(g)
2SO2
b. A is Al, B is Fe2O3, C is molten Iron, D is Al2O3
(Molten)