1

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TALISAY RESIN

AS AN ALTERNATIVE GLUE

Science Investigatory Project

Submitted to the
Faculty and Staff of
Siaton Science High School
Siaton, Negros Oriental

In Partial Fulfilment
Of the Requirements for the subject
RESEARCH 1

Prepared and submitted by:

ALEKA NICOLE ENOLPE

KC JOY TIMOGUING
LYNDSEY J PATAY

SY
2022 – 2023

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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Writing this research had been a challenging and at the same time fulfilling journey for the us. Its

completion would not have been possible without the encouragement, guidance and support of

the people who guided the us from the beginning all the way to the success of this investigatory

project. Accordingly, we personally express our deepest gratitude to the following individuals.

Winesa A. Santander, research adviser, for his consistent guidance and for the patience he

extended in providing answers to all our concerns and inquiries and as he attended to our need as

his advisees.

We whole heartedly thank our classmates for the shared information during casual talk and

discussions.

Most of all, to our God father, for everything, for gifting us with the mind, spirit and personal

drive to realize our goals especially to this particular endeavor , this Science investigatory project

.
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ABSTRACT

This study titled Alternative Glue from Talisay Resin was designed to produce cheap glue for all

purposes. To obtain Talisay alternative Glue. The researcher’s Talisay resin came from Camp

Poblacion 4, Siaton, Negros Oriental . To obtain it, the researchers used a sharp bolo to cut the

upper layer of the Talisay bark to produce its resin. The resins were collected using tin can attach

to the trunk to collect its resin. The product was tested to the different test subjects and compared

as the effect to the commercial Elmer’s glue. Based on the observation of the researchers of the

different test done, it was observed that the Talisay alternative Glue is much stickier than the

commercial one and it adheres strongly from paper to plastic. The researchers include that the

Talisay alternative Glue physical characteristic and its bonding effect is comparable to

commercial one. The researchers do ‘have respondents of the study.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

PRELIMINARY PAGE
Title Page ………………………………………………………………… i
Acknowledgment………………………………………………………… ii
Abstract ………………………………………………………………… iii
Table of Contents …………………………………………………………………
iv

CHAPTER I

Introduction and Background of the Study………………………………………………… 5-6

Objectives of the Study………………………………………………………………… 7
Hypothesis ……………………………………………………………………………… 8
Statement of the Problem………………………………………………………………… 9
Significance of the Study………………………………………………………………… 10
Scope and Limitation of the Study….……………………………………………………
11
CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ….……………………………………………

12

CHAPTER III
Methodology……………………………………………………………………………… 15
Data Gathering Procedure ………………………………………………………………… 16
Research design………………………………………………………………………… 17-
18
CHAPTER IV

Presentation of Data, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data ……………………………… 19-

21
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Results and Discussion……………………………………………………………………… 22-

23
CHAPTER IV
Summary of Results………………………………………………………………………… 24
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………… 25
Recommendation……………………………………………………………………… 26
REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In today's fast life sometimes, they forget things in all of the glitz and glamour. They start to take

things for granted things like your everyday school glue. Though itis very tedious, making your

own glue like the Native Americans once did, it can be very rewarding and give you that down-

to-earth feeling. Glue came into being when ancient tribes discovered that the bones, hides, skin,

sinew and other connective tissues from animals could be processed to remove collagen, the

protein in these tissues. The collagen was sticky and was useful for holding things together. Milk

solids, known as casein, and blood albumin can also be used as a basis for glue. Dried serum

from cows' blood yields albumin that coagulates (clumps together) when it is heated and

becomes insoluble in water. Fish glue was also made from the heads, bones, and skin of fish, but

this glue tended to be too thin and less sticky. By experimenting, early man discovered that the

air bladders of various fish produced a much more satisfactory glue that was white and tasteless.

It eventually was named isinglass or ichthyocol.

Plants have also been used to produce glues collectively called vegetable glues. These materials

are dispersible or soluble in water and are usually made from the starches that compose many

grains and vegetables. The natural gums include agar, from colloids in marine plants, algin that is

derived from seaweed, and gum Arabic, an extract of the acacia tree (also known as the gum

tree).The substance called marine glue is used to caulk seams, but it consists of tar or pitch and is
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not truly a glue. The researchers are planning to create a glue from Talisay Resin. A Talisay tree

(scientific name: TerminaliaCatappa) is a large tropical tree in the leadwood tree family. The

Talisay Tree is an amazingly useful tree to any bush crafter or survivalist. First of all, the entire

tree is edible the bark, then needles, the talisay cones, etc…

The roots can be used as cordage. You can make Talisay needle tea which is rich in vitamins.

You can also use the limbs as building materials and the Talisay boughs as bedding. The subject

of this SIP, however, is how to use Talisay resin to make an all-natural and very durable glue.

Talisay resin can be found on almost every Talisay tree. You can typically find it where the

Talisay tree has been wounded by either insects or a broken limb. The sap will seep from the

wound. You can sometimes find it dried in clumps and nodules all around the tree. Commercial

glue such as Elmer’s glue is common nowadays specially in schoolwork’s or activities, but the

researchers want to compare the commercial glue to the researcher’s commercial glue which is

the Talisay glue. Background of the study the price of the glue’s this past few years have

significantly increased. Glue from Talisay Resin that the researcher’s was going to make is

designed to produce cheap glue for all purposes. People can use it in schools, office, and other

necessary things. People want to make sure that the glue that they are using has high quality and

at the same time economical and low cost. That’s why the researcher’s desire to produce glue

from the Talisay resin.

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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The study generally aimed to find how effective the Talisay resin as an alternative for

commercial glue Specifically, the researchers aimed to:

1. To determine the effectiveness the glue using Talisay resin.

2. To determine the effectiveness the glue in different papers.

3. To determine how long the glue would stick to different papers

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HYPOTHESIS

H1. Is Talisay resin probable as a source of alternative glue?

H2. There is a significant difference between the properties of commercial glue and eco-glue

produced from Talisay resin, in terms of Viscosity, Density, Color, Odor, and Stickiness.

H3. Is alternative glue made from Talisay resin is effective as a commercial glue?
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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This project aims to enhance the study about Talisay “Terminalia catappa” resin as an alternative

Glue. Generally, it aims to answer the following questions:

1. How probable can the Talisay resin as an alternative source of eco-glue?

2. How much amount of Talisay resin will be needed to produce alternative eco-glue?

3. What is the difference between the properties of commercial glue and alternative glue

produced from Talisay resin , in terms of:

3.1 Viscosity;

3.2 Density;

3.3 Color

3.4 Odor; and

3.5 Stickiness

4. Is the alternative glue produced from Talisay resin can be a substitute glue for binding like

papers?

Specific Problems:

1. What are the substances point in Talisay resin which make it feasible as glue?

2. What are the similarities between Talisay resin glue and commercial glue?

3. Is the Talisay resin glue more durable than commercial glue?

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4. How long can the product be stored?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This section enumerates the relevance of this study is that we don’t need to use glue that are so

sticky that so hard to remove once touched our skin this is a global impact in the field of science

the possible beneficiaries of this research are the following.

To citizens. This study will benefit citizens especially to those owners of the Talisay trees for it

help them to have an alternative glue.

To the Students. The students will benefit from this research because it would enable them to

gain knowledge from the information extracted from this research. Obviously, the students are

the one who uses glue often because of their projects, seat works, homework’s, and more.

To the Teachers. One of the beneficiaries of this research are the teachers and schools staff.

Because they also use glue for their school matters for the science teacher out there they can pass

the information of the Talisay resin glue to other students.

To the environment. The mere use of Jackfruit sap can already contribute to the cleanliness of

the environment, knowing that the part of the fruits to be used is generally considered as wastes.
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To the Future Researchers. This study will serve as source of information to conduct further

studies regarding adhesive glue produced from jackfruit sap.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This research entitled, “The Effectiveness of Talisay “Terminalia catappa” resin as an

alternative glue” , will be conducted by Grade 8 junior High School of Siaton Science high

School. The source of the eco-glue will be limited in the resin of Talisay “Terminalia catappa”.

The product will be compared to the commercial glue to identify their similarities and

differences in terms of viscosity, density, color, odor and stickiness. This will also be applied to

any paper to test its effectivity and feasibility as alternative glue.

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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Talisay Resin

According to Prem (2015), Terminalia catappa is a large tropical tree in the lead wood tree

family, Combretaceae, that grows mainly in the tropical regions of Asia, Africa, and Australia. It

is known by the English common names country-almond, Indian-almond, Malabar-almond, sea-

almond, tropical-almond and false kamani.

As the study of Goswani (2016), The tree grows to 35 m (115 ft) tall, with an upright,

symmetrical crown and horizontal branches. Terminalia catappa has corky, light fruit that are

dispersed by water. The seed within the fruit is edible when fully ripe, tasting almost like

almond. As the tree gets older, its crown becomes more flattened to form a spreading, vase

shape. Its branches are distinctively arranged in tiers. The leaves are large, 15 - 25 cm (5.9 -9.8

in) long and10 - 14 cm (3.9 - 5.5 in) broad, ovoid, glossy dark green, and leathery. They are dry-

season deciduous; before falling, they turn pinkish-reddish or yellow-brown, due to pigments

such as violaxanthin ,lutein, and zeaxanthin.

According to the study of Elevitch & Manner (2014), Resin - In polymer chemistry and materials

science, resin is a "solid or highly viscous substance" of plant or synthetic origin that is typically

convertible into polymers. They are often mixtures of organic compounds, principally terpenes.

Many plants, particularly woody plants, produce resin in response to injury. The resin acts as a

bandage protecting the plant from invading insects and pathogens.

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Based on Chowdhury (2016), The resin produced by most plants is composed mainly of

terpenes and derivatives. The most common terpenes in resin are the bicyclic terpenesalpha-

pinene,beta-pinene,delta-3 carene, and sabinene, the monocyclic terpenes limonene and

terpinolene, and smaller amounts of the tricyclic sesquiterpenes, longifolene, caryophyllene and

delta-cadinene. Some resins also contain a high proportion of resin acids. The individual

components of resin can be separated by fractional distillation. Rosins on the other hand are less

volatile and consist, inter alia, of diterpenes.

According to Gamboa (2014), Health Benefits of Talisay: Cutting down Talisay tree was not a

good idea because it has many medicinal uses. Based on Gamboa (2014),

1) The leaves applied to the head and sides are refreshing and sudorific - a medicine that causes

or increases sweating.

2) The red leaves and fruits are used to expel worms.

3) The leaves are mixed with oil and rubbed on the breast to cure pain.

4) The bark is used against gastric fevers and bilious diarrhea.

5) The bark is also antidysenteric. Dysentery is infection of the intestines marked by severe

diarrhea.

6) The sap of the tender leaves, mixed and cooked with the oil of the kernel. The solution is used

to cure leprosy.

7) The decoction of bark is used as remedy for gonorrhea and leucorrhea. Gonorrhea is a

common Venereal disease caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae; symptoms are painful

urination and pain around the urethra. Leucorrhea discharge of white mucous material from the

vagina; often an indication of infection.

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8) The bark is recommended as a cure for bilious fever.

9) The juice of the young leaves is employed in the preparation of an ointment for scables,

leprosy, and other cutaneous diseases, also useful for headache and colic.

10) The leaves are macerated with palm oil and applied as a remedy for tonsillitis

Glue

Based on the study of Wilkinson (2014), glue is a common adhesive used in schools, houses,

offices and even in construction. Cambridge Dictionary defines glue as a “sticky substance that

is used for joining things together permanently, produced from animal bones and skins or by a

chemical process”.

According to Mazur (2015), glue came into being when ancient tribes discovered that the bones,

hides, skin, sinew, and other connective tissues from animals could be processed to remove

collagen, the protein in these tissues. The collagen was sticky and was useful for holding things

together. Milk solids, known as casein, and blood albumin can also be used as a basis for glue.

Dried serum from cows' blood yields albumin that coagulates (clumps together) when it is heated

and becomes insoluble in water.

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METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents all the necessary information about the process of this study. This includes

the ingredients, materials, and tools to be used in the study, and the production process will also

be discussed.

Ingredients:

 25 ml of Talisay Resin

 15 ml Denatured Alcohol

Materials:

 Alcohol lamp

 Beaker

 Thermometer

 Retort Stand

 Timer

Personal Equipment:

Lab Coat

Safety Goggles
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Data Gathering Procedure

1. First you have to ready the materials and wear your lab coat

2. Pour the beaker with Talisay resin at exactly 25ml.

3. Then pour the alcohol lamp with denatured alcohol and slowly light it up.

4. After that get the retort stand and put the beaker at the top of it and place it at the top center of

alcohol lamp.

5. Wait for at least 5 minutes the Talisay resin’s temperature should be higher than 90℃.

so that your Talisay resin will be durable enough.

6. The Talisay resin glue is ready to use.

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RESEARCH DESIGN

Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Talisay Resin Heating

Glue

Figure 1. Conceptual framework of the study

The diagram shows the process on testing the effectiveness of Talisay resin as an alternative

colorant for homemade glue. It shows how we the Talisay resin transform as a glue.
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Methodology Flow Chart

BOILING
GATHERING PREPARING

READY TO USE! COOLING

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PRESENTATION OF DATA, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF

DATA

Table 2.0

Trial 1

The Talisay resin is still just sticky

liquid because the temperature is not

high.

Paper 30℃ 1:04

Some of the liquids are melting.

Paper 35℃ 1:57 Failed

It is at the same state.

Paper 40℃ 3:50

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Table 2.1

Trial 2

The Talisay resin is still at the same

state

Paper 40℃ 0:27

The resin is slowly becoming vicious

Paper 50℃ 1:46

The Talisay resin become vicious

Paper 50℃ 2:10

Paper 60℃ 4:27 The researchers put the experiment on

hold due to the fire in the alcohol lamp

burned out.

Paper 55℃ 4:29 Proceeds: The Talisay resin is st5arting

to boil up.

Paper 75℃ 5:02 Talisay resin becomes very vicious

Paper 85℃ 5:27 Still at the same state Success

Paper 0℃ 5:47 The researcher stopped the experiment.

Aftermath of the experiment:

The researcher also try it to the cardboard and paper to try and compared it to the commercial

one. The table below shows the researchers comparison.

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Table 2.2

Elmer’s glue Paper Success Very Strong Safe

Talisay resin Paper Success Very Strong Safe

glue

Elmer’s glue Cardboard Success Very Strong Safe

Talisay resin

glue Cardboard Success Very Strong Safe

Elmer’s glue Plastic Success Very Strong Safe

Talisay resin Plastic Success Very Strong Safe

glue

The researchers conclude that they are both safe to use but the only difference is that the

researchers glue is pure natural and doesn’t have any chemicals like the commercial one and also

the durability of Talisay glue is strong.

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents the interpretation and analysis of data gathered in order to discuss the

answers to the research problems of the study. The discussion follows the sequence how the

statements of the problem are laid out in the first chapter.

1. What is the substance point in Talisay resin which make it feasible as glue?

- The Talisay resin has a natural gum which make it a sticky liquid the gum is dispersible or

soluble in water which makes it easy to remove once get contact to the skin. This natural gum

consists of tar or pitch and is not truly a glue. But when heated it becomes very pitch which

makes the Talisay resin usable as glue.

2. What are the similarities between Talisay resin glue and commercial glue?

- The similarities of the Talisay resin glue and commercial glue are they are both safe to use,

they can both use for every household or school work things and they are both easy to use.

3. Is the Talisay resin glue more durable than commercial glue?

- Yes. Because the Talisay resin's glue is stickier than Elmer’s glue and also it dries quickly than

the commercial one.

4. Is the Talisay resin glue safer than commercial glue?

- In terms on how they make or the ingredients use to create each other, the Talisay resin glue is

safer because the commercial one have chemical-based materials called epoxies, caulks, or

sealants these are chemical compounds used to give the commercial one a good quality glue but

they are both safe to use since the commercial one can be easily remove.

.5. How long can the product be stored?

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- The product cannot store much longer it only takes less than 10 minutes because it becomes a

solid type of resin.

6. Can this research work possibly be pursued in the future?

- No. Base on the condition of Earth today it is likely impossible for the trees to survive maybe

50 or 100 years from now all of the trees are extinct due to pollution, global warming, and over

use of human technology. This research not only aims to make a natural glue but also the

researchers want to show that we can use things like the way we use them during old times.

7. What is the essential discrepancy between the properties of commercial glue and

alternative glue produced from Talisay resin, in terms of:

PROPERTIES COMMERCIAL GLUE ALTERNATIVE GLUE FROM

TALISAY RESIN

7.1 Viscosity More viscous More viscous

7..2 Density Uses finger when spread. Takes a little time to spread.

7.3 Odor Sourish Odor Tangy odor

7.4Color White Dirty white

7.5 Stickiness Sticky More sticky

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SUMMARY OF RESULTS

The Researchers are planning to create a glue out of Talisay Resin. The subject of this

investigatory project, however, is how to use Talisay resin to make an all-natural and very

durable glue. We have two statement of the problem one is the general and the other is specific

problem the general problem is the durability, safeness, and effectiveness and the specific

problem are indicated earlier. The researchers hypothesized that Talisay resin glue can be used

for all kinds of applications at home or in the wild. We have test subjects for the experiment.

First is paper, second is cardboard, and lastly the plastics.

The Researchers did their first experiment in science laboratory using the materials of denatured

alcohol, beaker, test tube, thermometer, retort stand, matches, and alcohol lamp to make the

experiment. The researchers did an experiment to test the Researchers hypothesis and to answer

the Researchers statement of the problem. The researchers successfully created a commercial

glue from Talisay resin and it is effective to the researchers test items, very durable, and safe to

use.
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CONCLUSION

From this research done, the researchers found out that time must be a primary consideration in

finding the Talisay resin. The Researchers concluded that the Talisay resin glue is durable,

effective to the researchers test subjects and safe to use. It is sticky to the people’s skin but it can

easily remove using water and also it is easy to identify if the glue has been removed because of

the color but the product cannot store long. The researchers cannot find a chemical or an

ingredient to stored it longer. The Researchers hypothesis also answered because it is very

effective to the researchers test items and it is more durable than commercial glue. The Talisay

resin glue is pure natural and the researchers did not put any chemicals to the resin during the

experiment
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RECOMMENDATIONS

The Researchers of the investigatory project entitled “THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TALISAY

RESIN AS AN ALTERNATIVE GLUE” recommend to future researchers that before starting

the project, try to canvas or look for sources of the resin itself because Talisay resin is not readily

available in the markets. The researchers recommend that future researchers should determine

simple details as the boiling point of the resin and use exact measurements for a better detailed

product. The researchers recommend the use of the glue for it is cheaper and the future users will

be able to control the amount to be created. Find other ingredients or chemicals to make the

Talisay resin glue stored long. Use other resins as example. Unfortunately, the Researchers

weren’t able to test for other products of resin but the researchers would like to see the same

process with different results.

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