Index Page 1 of 18

INDEX

A
Absorption
ammonia/water
hydrogen cycle, R18
technology, R18
equipment, R18
evolving technologies, R18
water/lithium bromide technology
components, R18
control, R18
double-effect chillers, R18
maintenance, R18
operation, R18
single-effect chillers, R18
single-effect heat transformers, R18
terminology, R18
Air
liquefaction, R47
separation, R47
Air conditioning, R7 , R41
(see also Central air conditioning)
bakeries, R41
retrofitting, contaminant control, R7
Air curtains, display cases, R15
Air transport, R27
animals, R27
commodity requirements, R27
design considerations, R27
galley refrigeration, R27
ground handling, R27
perishable cargo, R27
refrigeration, R27
shipping containers, R27
Ammonia
absorption
ammonia/water, R18
ammonia/water/hydrogen, R18
system practices, R2
Animal environments
air transport, R27
Antisweat heaters (ASH), R15
Argon, recovery, R47

B
Bacteria
food, growth in, R22
Bakery products, R41
air conditioning, R41
bread, R41
cooling, R41
dough production, R41
freezing, R41
ingredient storage, R41
refrigeration, R16 , R41
slicing, R41
wrapping, R41
Balancing, R5
(see also Testing, adjusting, and balancing)
refrigeration systems, R5
Beverages, R39
beer, R39
storage requirements, R21
carbonated, R39
coolers, R39
fruit juice, R38
liquid carbon dioxide storage, R39
refrigeration systems, R39
refrigerators for, R16
thermal properties, R19
time calculations

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cooling, R20
freezing, R20
wine
production, R39
storage temperature, R39
Brayton cycle
cryogenics, R47
Bread, R41
Breweries
carbon dioxide production, R39
refrigeration
fermenting cellar, R39
Kraeusen cellar, R39
stock cellar, R39
systems, R39
wort cooler, R39
storage tanks, R39
vinegar production, R39

C
Candy
chocolate, R42
manufacture
chilling, R42
coating, R42
cooling, R42
dipping, R42
drying, R42
enrobing, R42
plants, R42
refrigeration plant, R42
storage
humidity, R42
temperature, R42
Capillary tubes
capacity balance, R11
characteristic curve, R11
pressure-reducing device, R11
selection, R11
Carbon dioxide
liquefaction, R39
storage, R39
Cargo containers, R25
airborne sound, R25
air circulation, R25
ambient design factors, R25
commodity precooling, R25
control, R25
controlled atmosphere, R25
costs, owning and operating, R25
design, R25
equipment
attachment provisions, R25
design and selection factors, R25
operating economy, R25
qualification testing, R25
selection, R25
system application factors, R25
types, R25
heating only, R25
insulation barrier, R25
load calculations, R25
maintenance, R25
mechanical cooling and heating, R25
operations, R25
qualification testing, R25
safety, R25
sanitation, R25
shock and virbration, R25
space considerations, R25
storage effect cooling, R25
system application, R25
temperature-controlled transport, R25
temperature settings, R25
use, R25

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vapor barrier, R25

ventilation, R25
Charging, refrigeration systems, R8
Chemical plants
automation, R46
energy recovery, R46
flow sheets, R46
instrumentation and controls, R46
outdoor construction, R46
piping, R46
pumps, R46
refrigeration
compressors, R46
condensers, R46
cooling towers, R46
equipment, R46
evaporators, R46
load, R46
safety requirements, R46
spray ponds, R46
systems, R46
safety requirements, R46
specifications, R46
tanks, R46
Chickens, R31
Chillers
absorption
ammonia/water, R18
water/lithium bromide, R18
blast, R16
walk-in, R16
Claude cycle, R47
Commercial and public buildings
ice rinks, R44
Compressors
ammonia refrigeration systems, R2
chemical industry refrigeration, R46
drives, R2
reciprocating
parallel, R2
rotary, R2
screw
lubricant cooling, R2
Concrete
cooling, R45
pozzolanic admixtures, R45
selection, R45
thermal design, R45
Condensers
air-cooled, R15
machine room, R15
noise, R15
remote from compressor, R15
ammonia refrigeration systems, R2
horizontal shell-and-tube, R2
parallel horizontal shell-and-tube, R2
piping, R2
cascade, R5
chemical industry refrigeration, R46
evaporative, R15
location, R2
retail food store refrigeration, R15
Conduction
display cases, R15
Conductivity, thermal
foods, R19
Containers, R26 , R27
(see also Cargo containers)
air transport, R27
marine transport, R26
Contaminants
food, R22
organism destruction, R22
refrigerant systems, R7
dirt, R7
field assembly, R7
filter-driers, R7

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generation by high temperature, R6

lubricants, R7
metallic, R7
moisture, R7
motor burnout, R7
noncondensable gases, R7
residual cleaning agents, R7
sludge, tars, and wax, R7
solvents, R7
special system characteristics, R7
Control, R2 , R11 , R18 , R46
(see also Controls, automatic)
(see also Controls, automatic and Supervisory control)
chemical plants, R46
low-temperature, R2
refrigerant flow, R11
Controlled atmosphere (CA) storage
cherries, sweet, R35
Controlled-atmosphere (CA) storage
apples, R35
apricots, R35
berries, R35
figs, R35
grapes, R35
nectarines, R35
peaches, R35
pears, R35
plums, R35
refrigerated facilities, R23
strawberries, R35
vegetables, R37
Controls, automatic, R11
(see also Control)
refrigerant flow, R11
Controls, automatic,
sensors, R11
switches, R11
transducers, pressure, R11
Coolants, secondary
low-temperature refrigeration, R48
refrigeration systems, R13
Coolers, R1 , R14 , R15 , R16 , R39 , R47
(see also Refrigerators)
beverage, R39
cryocoolers, R47
forced-circulation air, R14
installation and operation, R14
liquid, R1
(see also Evaporators)
piping, R1
retail food store, R15
walk-in, R15 , R16
water, R39
Cooling, R18 , R20 , R28 , R41 , R45
(see also Air conditioning)
absorption equipment, R18
bakery products, R41
concrete
active systems, R45
air blast, R45
chilled water, R45
embedded coils, R45
inundation, R45
passive, R45
foods and beverages, time calculations, R20
fruits and vegetables
evaporative, R28
forced-air, R28
hydrocooling, R28
load calculation, R28
package icing, R28
vacuum cooling, R28
Corrosion
of insulation jacketing, R10
secondary coolant systems, R13
under insulation, R10
Cryogenics, R47

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biomedical applications
cryomicroscopy, R49
cryopreservation, R49
cryoprotective agents, R49
cryosurgery, R49
induced hypothermia, R49
refrigeration, R49
specimen preparation, R49
Brayton cycle, R47
cascade cycle, R47
Claude cycle, R47
cryobiological, R49
cryocoolers
recuperative, R47
recuperative, Brayton, R47
recuperative, Joule-Thomson, R47
recuperative, Kleemenko, R47
regenerative, R47
regenerative, Gifford-McMahon, R47
regenerative, orifice pulse tube, R47
regenerative, Stirling, R47
cryopumping, R47
equipment
coiled-tube exchanger, R47
compressors, R47
expansion devices, R47
heat exchangers, R47
regenerators, R47
systems, R47
turboalternators, R47
turboexpanders, R47
fluids
cold burns, R47
flammability, R47
storage vessels, R47
transfer, R47
freezers, industrial, R29
hazards, R47
Heylandt cycle, R47
instrumentation, R47
insulation
low-temperature, R47
selection (table), R47
thermal conductivity (table), R47
isenthalpic expansion, R47
isentropic expansion, R47
Joule-Thomson cycle, R47
Kleemenko cycle, R47
Linde cycle, R47
liquefaction
balanced flow condition, R47
of gases, R47
liquid-level sensors, R47
mixed refrigerant cycle, R47
natural gas processing, R47
properties
electrical, R47
magnetic, R47
mechanical, R47
thermal, R47
purification of gases, R47
recovery of gases, R47
separation of gases, Gibbs phase rule, R47
staging, R47
Stirling cycle, R47
storage systems, R47
transfer systems, R47
Cycloparaffins, R12

D
Dairy products, R33
aseptic packaging, R33
butter
manufacture, R33
refrigeration load, R33

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buttermilk, R33
cheese
cheese room refrigeration, R33
manufacture, R33
cream, R33
display refrigerators, R15
ice cream
freezing, R33
hardening, R33
milkfat content, R33
mix preparation, R33
refrigeration, equipment, R33
refrigeration, requirements, R33
milk
dry, R33
evaporated, R33
fresh, processing, R33
fresh, production, R33
fresh, storage, R33
sweetened condensed, R33
thermal properties, R19
UHT sterilization, R33
yogurt, R33
Dams, concrete cooling, R45
Defrosting
air coolers, forced-circulation, R14
ammonia liquid recirculation systems, R2
household refrigerators and freezers, R17
meat coolers, R30
retail food store refrigerators, R15
Dehydration
of eggs,, R34
refrigeration systems, R8
Density
modeling, R19
Desiccants
refrigerant systems, R7
equilibrium curves, R7
moisture, R7
Desuperheaters
in ammonia refrigeration, R2
Diamagnetism, and superconductivity, R47
Diffusivity
thermal, of foods, R19
Display cases, R15
Driers, R7

E
Earth, stabilization, R45
Eggs, R34
composition, R34
dehydration, R34
processing plant sanitation, R34
products, R34
shell eggs
packaging, R34
processing, R34
refrigeration, R34
spoilage prevention, R34
storage, R34
structure, R34
transportation, R34
storage, R34
thermal properties, R19
Energy
balance
refrigeration systems, R5
Energy conservation
refrigerators, commercial, R16
Energy efficiency
in commercial and food service refrigerators, R16
Energy recovery, R46
(see also Heat recovery)
in chemical industry, R46
Enthalpy

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foods, R19
Environmental control
retail food stores
equipment and control, R15
store ambient effect, R15
Evaluation. (see Testing)
Evaporators, R2 , R4 , R46
(see also Coolers, liquid)
ammonia refrigeration systems
equipment, R2
piping, R2
chemical industry refrigeration, R46
liquid overfeed systems, R4
Expansion tanks
secondary coolant systems, R13

F
Fish, R19 , R32
fresh, R19 , R32
frozen, R19 , R32
thermal properties, R19
Flowers, cut
air transport, R27
cooling, R28
refigerators, R16
storage, temperatures, R21
Food, R15 , R16 , R19 , R20 , R21 , R22 , R29 , R30 , R31 , R32 , R33 , R34 , R35 , R36 , R37 , R40
(see also specific foods)
codes, R15
cooling and freezing times, R20
cooling, R20
cooling, equivalent heat transfer dimensionality, R20
cooling, estimating algorithms, R20
cooling, irregular shapes, R20
cooling, slabs, cylinders, and spheres, R20
freezing, estimating algorithms, R20
freezing, geometric considerationsequivalent heat transfer dimensionality, R20
freezing, geometric considerationsequivalent sphere diameter, R20
freezing, geometric considerationsmean conducting path, R20
freezing, phase change, R20
freezing, Plank’s equation, R20
freezing, precooling, R20
freezing, subcooling, R20
industrial freezing methods, R29
long-term storage, R40
microbial growth
control, R22
generalized, R22
requirements, R22
plants, R40
poultry products
freezing, R31
refrigeration, R31
processing facilities
contamination prevention, R22
dairy, R33
fruits, R40
main dishes, R40
meat, R30
organism destruction, R22
potato products, R40
poultry, R31
precooked foods, R40
refrigeration systems, R40
regulations and standards, R22
sanitation, R22
vegetables, R40
refrigeration
dairy products, R33
eggs and egg products, R34
fishery products, R32
fruits, fresh, R35
meat products, R30
vegetables, R37
refrigerators

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commercial, R16
retail food store, R15
retail food store, walk-in, R15
storage requirements
canned foods, R21
citrus fruit, R36
commodities, R21
dried foods, R21
fruit, R35
thermal properties, R19
enthalpy, R19
heat of respiration, R19
ice fraction, R19
surface heat transfer coefficient, R19
thermal conductivity, R19
thermal diffusivity, R19
transpiration coefficient, R19
water content, initial freezing point, R19
Food service
refrigerators for, R16
vending machines, R16
Freeze drying
biological materials, R49
Freezers
blast, R16 , R23 , R29 , R30
household, R17
cabinet construction, R17
cabinets, R17
defrosting, R17
efficiency, R17
refrigerating systems, R17
testing, R17
industrial, R29
walk-in, R16
Freezing
beverages, R20
biomedical applications, R49
foods
bakery products, R41
egg products, R34
fish, R32
freezing time calculations, R20
ice cream, R33
meat products, R30
poultry products, R31
processed and prepared food, R40
industrial, R29
soil, R45
Fruit juice, R38
Fruits
dried
storage, R42
thermal properties, R19
fresh
air transport, R27
apples, storage, R35
apricots, R35
avocados, R36
bananas, R36
berries, R35
cherries, sweet, R35
citrus, R36
cooling, R28
deciduous tree, R35
desiccation, R21
deterioration rate, R21
display refrigerators, R15
figs, R35
grapes, R35
mangoes, R36
nectarines, R35
peaches, R35
pears, R35
pineapples, R36
plums, R35
storage diseases, R35
strawberries, R35

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thermal properties, R19

vine fruits, R35
frozen, R40

G
Gases
liquefaction, R47
purification, R47
separation
gaseous oxygen, R47
Gibbs phase rule, R47
Generators
absorption units, R18
Global warming potential (GWP), R6

H
Hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP), R22
in meat processing facilities, R30
Heat exchangers
plate, R1
Heating
absorption equipment, R18
Heat pumps
absorption, R18
ice-source, R43
Heat recovery, R15
(see also Energy, recovery)
retail food store refrigeration, R15
Heat transfer, R19 , R48
(see also Heat flow)
coefficients
foods, R19
low-temperature, R48
Helium
recovery, R47
High-temperature short-time (HTST) pasteurization, R33
Hydrogen, liquid, R47

I
Ice
commercial, R43
delivery systems, R43
manufacture, R43
storage, R43
thermal storage, R43
Ice makers
commercial, R16
heat pumps, R43
household refrigerator, R17
large commercial, R43
storage, R43
thermal storage, R43
types, R43
Ice rinks
conditions, R44
energy conservation, R44
floor design, R44
heat loads, R44
pebbling, R44
surface building and maintenance, R44
water quality, R44
Industrial applications
process refrigeration, R46
Infiltration, R15 , R24
(see also Air leakage)
air exchange, R24
direct flow through doorways, R24
refrigerated facilities, R24
ventilation, R15
Insulation, electrical, R6
Insulation, thermal

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below-ambient system, R10

cryogenic, R47
refrigerant piping, R10
design, R10
installation, R10
jacketing, R10
joint sealant, R10
maintenance, R10
thickness tables, R10
vapor retarders, R10
refrigerated facilities, R23 , R24
Intercoolers, ammonia refrigeration systems, R2

J
Jacketing, insulation, R10
Joule-Thomson cycle, R47
Juice, R38

K
Kleemenko cycle, R47
Krypton, recovery, R47

L
Leak detection of refrigerants
methods, R8
Linde cycle, R47
Liquid overfeed (recirculation) systems, R4
ammonia refrigeration systems, R2
circulating rate, R4
evaporators, R4
line sizing, R4
liquid separators, R4
overfeed rate, R4
pump selection, R4
receiver sizing, R4
recirculation, R4
refrigerant distribution, R4
terminology, R4
Load calculations
cargo containers, R25
internal heat load, R24
precooling fruits and vegetables, R28
refrigerated facilities
air exchange, R24
direct flow through doorways, R24
equipment, R24
infiltration, R24
internal, R24
product, R24
transmission, R24
Lubricants, R2 , R6 , R7 , R8 , R11 , R12
(see also Lubrication; Oil)
additives, R12
ammonia refrigeration, R2
component characteristics, R12
effects, R12
evaporator return, R12
foaming, R12
mineral oil
aromatics, R12
naphthenes (cycloparaffins), R12
nonhydrocarbons, R12
paraffins, R12
miscibility, R12
moisture content, R8
oxidation, R12
properties, R12
floc point, R12
viscosity, R12
refrigerant
contamination, R7

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solutions, R12
solutions, density, R12
solutions, solubility, R12
solutions, viscosity, R12
refrigerant solutions
solubility, R12
requirements, R12
separators, R11
solubility
air, R12
hydrocarbon gases, R12
refrigerant solutions, R12
water, R12
stability, R12
synthetic lubricants, R12
testing, R12
wax separation, R12
Lubrication; Oil
refrigerant
reactions with, R6

M
Maintenance, R18
(see also Operation and maintenance)
absorption units, R18
Measurement, R7 , R8
(see also Instruments)
moisture content, R7
in refrigeration systems, R8
Meat, R30
display refrigerators, R15
food processing, R30
frozen, R30
packaged fresh cuts, R30
processing facilities
boxed beef, R30
carcass coolers, beef, R30
carcass coolers, calves, R30
carcass coolers, hogs, R30
carcass coolers, lamb, R30
energy conservation, R30
pork trimmings, R30
processed meats, bacon slicing rooms, R30
processed meats, freezing, R30
processed meats, lard chilling, R30
processed meats, sausage dry rooms, R30
processed meats, smokehouses, R30
sanitation, R30
shipping docks, R30
variety meats, R30
retail storage, R15
thermal properties, R19
Metals and alloys, low-temperature, R48
Microbial growth, R22
Microbiology of foods, R22
Moisture
in insulation
for refrigeration piping, R10
in refrigerant systems
control, R7
desiccants, R7
driers, R7
drying methods, R7
effects, R7
hydrocarbon gases' solubility, R12
indicators, R7
lubricant solubility, R12
measurement, R7 , R8
solubility, R7
sources, R7
sources,, R8
Motors
field assembly and refrigerant contamination, R7
hermetic
burnout, R7

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N
Natural gas
liquefaction, R47
liquefied, R47
processing, R47
separation, R47
Net positive suction head (NPSH), R2
Nitrogen
liquid, R47
recovery, R47
Noise13, R15
(see also Sound)
condensing units, R15
Noncondensable gases
refrigerant contamination, R7
Nuts, storage, R42

O
Oil, R12
(see also Lubricants)
in refrigerant systems, R12
Oxygen
liquid, R47
recovery, R47
Ozone depletion potential (ODP), R6

P
Paraffins, R12
Parallel compressor systems, R15
Pasteurization, R33
beverages, R39
dairy products, R33
eggs, R34
juices, R38
Permafrost stabilization, R45
Pipes, R2 , R15
(see also Piping)
sizing
ammonia systems capacity tables, R2
insulation and vapor retarders, R2
isolated line sections, R2
refrigerant, retail food store refrigeration, R15
valves, R2
Piping, R2 , R10
(see also Pipes)
insulation, R10
refrigerant
ammonia systems, R2
below-ambient, R10
heat gain limits, R10
insulation, R10
insulation, thickness, R10
jacketing, R10
pipe preparation, R10
supports and hangers, R10
vapor retarders, R10
systems
ammonia refrigeration, R2
ammonia refrigeration, compressor piping, R2
ammonia refrigeration, condenser and receiver piping, R2
ammonia refrigeration, evaporator piping, R2
halocarbon refrigeration, liquid cooler, flooded, R1
Plank’s equation, R20
Potatoes
processed, R40
Poultry, R31
(see also Animal environments)
Precooling
flowers, cut, R28
fruits and vegetables, load calculation, R28
Produce

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desiccation, R21
deterioration rate, R21
display refrigerators, R15
Pulldown load, R15
Pumps
liquid overfeed systems, R4

R
Radiation
thermal
display cases, R15
Receivers
ammonia refrigeration systems
high-pressure, R2
piping, R2
through-type, R2
liquid overfeed systems, R4
Recycling refrigerants, R9
Refrigerant-control devices, R11
capillary tubes, R11
lubricant separators, R11
pressure transducers, R11
sensors, R11
short-tube restrictors, R11
switches
differential control, R11
float, R11
pressure control, R11
valves, control
check, R11
condenser pressure regulators, R11
condensing water regulators, R11
expansion, R11
expansion, electric, R11
float, R11
pressure relief devices, R11
solenoid, R11
suction pressure regulators, R11
Refrigerants
ammonia, R6
chemical reactions, R6
refrigeration system practices, R2
analysis, R6
bakeries, R41
cascade refrigeration systems, R48
CFC conversion, R12
compatibility with other materials, R6
elastomers, R6
electrical insulation, R6
plastics, R6
compositional groups, R6
ammonia, R6
chlorofluorocarbons, R6
fluoroethanes, R6
fluoroethers, R6
fluoromethanes, R6
fluoropropanes, R6
hydrocarbons, R6
hydrochlorofluorocarbons, R6
hydrofluorocarbons, R6
contaminants in, R7
generation by high temperature, R6
emissions, R9
environmental acceptability, R6
halocarbons, R6
hydrolysis, R6
thermal stability, R6
hydrocarbons, R6
leak detection, R8 , R9
lubricant solutions, R12
moisture in, R7
piping
design, R10
insulation, R10
properties, R6

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reclamation, R9
removing contaminants, R9
recovery, R9
recycling, R9
systems
chemistry, R6
lubricants, R12
Refrigerated facilities, R23
air
circulation, R21
purification, R21
automated, R23
construction, R23
controlled-atmosphere storage, R23
controls, R21
design
building configuration, R23
initial building considerations, R23
location, R23
shipping and receiving docks, R23
single-story structures, R23
specialized storage facilities, R23
stacking arrangement, R23
utility space, R23
freezers, R23
insulation, R23
load calculations, R24
refrigerated rooms, R23
refrigeration systems
condensate drains, R23
defrosting, R23
fan-coil units, R23
multiple installations, R23
unitary, R23
valves, R23
sanitation, R21
temperature pulldown, R23
vapor retarders, R23
Refrigeration
chemical industry, R46
halocarbon systems, R1
loads, R40
secondary coolant systems
design, system costs, R13
systems
dehydration, factory, R8
Refrigeration1, R2 , R4 , R5 , R6 , R7 , R8 , R10 , R13 , R14 , R15 , R16 , R22 , R23 , R24 , R26 , R27 , R30 , R32 , R34 , R35 , R36 , R37 , R39 ,
R40 , R44 , R45 , R48 , R49
(see also Absorption)
air coolers, forced-circulation, R14
air transport, R27
ammonia systems, R2
compressors, cooling, R2
compressors, piping, R2
compressors, types, R2
controls, R2
converting systems, R2
equipment, R2
evaporative condensers, R2
liquid recirculation (overfeed), R2
lubricant management, R2
multistage systems, R2
piping, R2
safety, R2
system selection, R2
two-stage screw compressor, R2
valves, R2
vessels, R2
autocascade systems, R48
beverage plants, R39
biomedical applications, R49
breweries, R39
cascade systems
compressors, R48
refrigerants, R48
concrete, R45
condensers, cascade, R5

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food
eggs and egg products, R34
fish, R32
vegetables, R37
food processing facilities, R40
banana ripening rooms, R36
control of microorganisms, R22
meat plants, R30
food service equipment, R16
fruits, fresh, R35
ice rinks, R44
insulation, R10
liquid overfeed systems, R4
loads, R24
low-temperature
autocascade systems, R48
cascade systems, R48
heat transfer, R48
material selection, R48
secondary coolants, R48
single-refrigerant systems, R48
lubricant coolers, R5
marine, R26
fishing vessels, R26
ships’ stores, R26
refrigerated-facility design, R23
retail food store systems, R15
secondary coolant systems, R13
applications, R13
coolant selection, R13
design, control valves, R13
design, expansion tanks, R13
design, piping, R13
design, pulldown time, R13
design, storage tanks, R13
soils, subsurface, R45
systems
charging, factory, R8
chemical reactions, R6
component balancing, R5
contaminant control, R7
contaminant control, of moisture, R7
contaminant control, retrofitting, during, R7
copper plating, R6
design balance points, R5
energy and mass balance, R5
evaluating system chemistry, R6
moisture in, R8
performance, R5
reactions, R6
testing, factory, R8
ultralow-temperature, R48
wineries, R39
Refrigeration load, R24
(see also Load calculations)
Refrigeration load,
safety factor, R24
Refrigeration oils, R12
(see also Lubricants)
Refrigerators
commercial
blast, R16
energy efficiency, R16
freezers, R16
temperatures, R16
types, R16
cryocoolers, R47
food service, R16
household, R17
absorption cycle, R18
cabinets, R17
defrosting, R17
durability, R17
ice makers, R17
performance evaluation, R17
refrigerating systems, R17
safety, R17

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mortuary, R16
retail food store
display, R15
storage, R15
walk-in, R16
Regulators, R11
(see also Valves)
condenser pressure, R11
condensing water, R11
suction pressure, R11
Respiration of fruits and vegetables, R19
Retail facilities
refrigeration, R15 , R16
supermarkets
refrigerators, R15
Retrofitting refrigerant systems, contaminant control, R7

S
Safety
chemical plants, R46
cryogenic equipment, R47
Sanitation
food production facilities, R22
control of microorganisms, R22
egg processing, R34
HACCP, R22
meat processing, R30
poultry processing, R31
regulations and standards, R22
refrigerated storage facilities, R21
Schneider system, R23
Separators, lubricant, R11
Ships,
cargo holds, R26
cargo refrigeration, R26
fish freezing, R26
fish refrigeration
icing, R26 , R32
refrigerated seawater, R32
refrigerated stores, R26
refrigeration systems, R26
Short-tube restrictors, R11
Skating rinks, R44
Soft drinks, R39
Soils, R45
(see also Earth)
stabilization, R45
Specific heat
foods, R19
Stirling cycle, R47
Storage
apples, R35
controlled atmosphere, R35
bakery ingredients, R41
candy, R42
carbon dioxide, R39
citrus, R36
cold, facility design, R23
controlled-atmosphere (CA), R23
cryogenic fluids, R47
design, refrigerated-facility, R23
eggs, R34
fish
fresh, R32
frozen, R32
flowers, cut, R21
food, canned or dried, R21
fruit
dried, R42
fresh, R35
furs and fabrics, R21
ice, R43
meat products, frozen, R30
milk, R33
nursery stock, R21

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nuts, R42
poultry products, R31
refrigerated-facility design, R23
seeds, R21
tanks, secondary coolant systems, R13
vegetables, R37
dried, R42
wine, R39
Suction risers, R2
Superconductivity, diamagnetism, R47
Supervisory control
absorption units, R18

T
Tanks, secondary coolant systems, R13
Temperature-controlled transport, R25
Terminology, R50
Testing
refrigeration systems
compressor, R8
leak detection, R8
performance testing, R8
refrigerators, household, R17
Thermal properties of food, R19
Thermal storage
ice, R43
Thermistors, R11
Thermodynamics
cooling and freezing of foods, R20
Thermopile, R45
Total equivalent warming impact (TEWI), R6 , R15
Transpiration, R19
Traps
ammonia refrigeration systems
liquid, R2
liquid level indicators, R2
purge units, R2
suction accumulator, R2
vertical suction, R2
Turkeys
chilling, R31
decontamination, R31
freezing, R31
packaging, R31
processing, R31
processing plant sanitation, R31
refrigeration, retail, R31
storage, R31
tenderness control, R31
thawing, R31

V
Vacuum cooling, of fruits and vegetables, R28
Valves, R2 , R11
(see also Regulators)
ammonia refrigeration systems
control, R2
float control, R2
relief, R2
solenoid, R2
stop, R2
check, R11
condensing-pressure-regulating, R11
constant-pressure expansion, R11
discharge bypass, R11
expansion
constant-pressure, R11
electric, R11
thermostatic, R11
float control, R11
pressure relief
safety, R11
refrigerant control, R11

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regulating and throttling, R11

solenoid, R11
suction pressure regulating, R11
Vegetables, R37
air transport, R27
cooling, R28
deterioration rate, R21
display refrigerators, R15
dried, storage, R42
frozen, R40
refrigeration, R37
storage, R37
thermal properties, R19
transport, R37
Vehicles
design, R25
equipment attachment provisions, R25
sanitation, R25
temperature-controlled, R25
use, R25
Vending machines, R16
Ventilation
cargo containers, R25
Vessels, ammonia refrigeration systems, R2
Viscosity
lubricants, R12

W
Water
coolers, R39
in refrigerant systems. (see Moisture, in refrigerant systems)
vapor, R10 , R23
(see also Moisture)
retarders, refrigerant piping insulation, R10
retarders, refrigerated facilities, R23
Water/lithium bromide absorption
components, R18
control, R18
double-effect chillers, R18
maintenance, R18
operation, R18
single-effect chillers, R18
single-effect heat transformers, R18
terminology, R18
Wineries
refrigeration, R39
temperature control
fermentation, R39
storage, R39
wine production, R39

X
Xenon, R47

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