Rotational Motion and Systems of Particles

Chapter 7
Systems of Particles and

Rotational Motion
Chapter Contents
z Vector product of two vectors VECTOR PRODUCT OF TWO VECTORS
z Position of centre of mass The vector product of two vectors is equal to the product of magnitude
of vectors and sine of smaller angle between them, and in a direction
z Motion of centre of mass perpendicular to the plane of vectors.
z Torque and angular
A  B  AB sin nˆ
momentum

n̂ is the unit vector perpendicular to the plane of vector A and B
z Equilibrium of a rigid body
B

z Moment of inertia AB
nˆ 
| AB | 
z Theorems on moment of A
inertia Multiplication of any two unit vectors in anticlockwise direction gives the
third unit vector with positive sign.
z Comparison between linear
motion variables and lˆ  ˆj  kˆ, ˆj  kˆ  iˆ, kˆ  iˆ  ˆj
rotational motion variables y
Multiplication of any two unit vectors in clockwise
z Combined rotational and direction gives the third unit vector with negative ĵ
translational motion sign. x
iˆ
z Rolling motion iˆ  kˆ   ˆj , kˆ  ˆj  iˆ, ˆj  iˆ  kˆ k̂
z
z Rolling on a horizontal z Determinant Method of Cross Product
plane
The cross product of two vector A and B
z Rolling on an inclined plane
A  Ax iˆ  Ay jˆ  Az kˆ
z Angular momentum in
combined translation and B  Bx iˆ  By ˆj  Bz kˆ
rotation
iˆ jˆ kˆ

A  B  Ax Ay Az
Bx By Bz
 iˆ( Ay Bz  Az By )  ˆj ( Ax Bz  Az Bx )  kˆ( Ax By  Ay Bx )
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212 Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion NEET
z Properties of Vector Product

(1) The vector product of two vectors is anticommutative

AB  B A

A  B  B  A
(2) Vector product is distributive i.e.,

A  (B  C )  A  B  A  C
(3) Cross product of two parallel vectors is a null vector.

A  B  AB sin0nˆ  0

iˆ  iˆ  jˆ  jˆ  kˆ  kˆ  0

(4) If two vectors A and B represents the two adjacent sides of a
S R
parallelogram then the magnitude of cross product gives the
area of parallelogram.
B

Area of parallelogram PQRS = | A  B |
P Q
1 A
Area of triangle PQS  | AB |
2

Example 1 : Calculate area of a parallelogram, when the adjacent sides are given by A  iˆ  2 jˆ  3kˆ and

B  2iˆ  3 jˆ  kˆ.

Solution : Area of parallelogram = | A  B |
iˆ jˆ kˆ

AB  1 2 3
2 3 1
 iˆ(2  9)  ˆj (1  6)  kˆ( 3  4)
 11iˆ  5 ˆj  7kˆ

| A  B |  121  25  49  195 unit
Example 2 : Find a unit vector perpendicular to each of the vectors iˆ  2 ˆj – 3kˆ and iˆ – 2 ˆj  kˆ .

Solution : Let A = iˆ  2 jˆ – 3kˆ

B = iˆ – 2 ˆj  kˆ

and let C is the vector given by the cross product of A , B and C is perpendicular to the plane

containing A and B

C = A × B
Using Determinant method,
iˆ ˆj kˆ
1 2 –3  iˆ  2 – 6   ˆj  – 3 – 1  kˆ  – 2 – 2 
1 –2 1
 – 4iˆ – 4 ˆj – 4kˆ
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NEET Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion 213


C = – 4 iˆ  ˆj  kˆ 

unit vector n̂ in the direction of C is given by

C
n̂ =
C
=

– 4 iˆ  jˆ  kˆ 
 – 4 2
  – 4   – 4
2 2
=

– 4 iˆ  jˆ  kˆ 
4 3
n̂ = 3

–1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
i  j k 
POSITION OF CENTRE OF MASS

The centre of mass of a body or a system, is the point that moves as though all of the mass were concentrated
there, and resultant external force were applied there.
z Centre of Mass for a System of Particles

For a system of n particles having masses m 1 , m 2 --- m n etc. whose position coordinates are
(x1, y1, z1), ......(xn, yn, zn) respectively, as shown in figure, the position of centre of mass is given by
m1x1  m2 x2  ....  mn xn mi xi

xcm  or xcm 
m1  m2  ....  mn M
y
m1y1  m2 y 2  ....  mn y n mi y i (x2, y2, z2)
y cm  or y cm 
m1  m2  ....  mn M (x1, y1, z1) m2
m1
m1z1  m2 z2  ....  mn zn mi zi c.m. (x3, y3, z3)
zcm  or zcm  m3
m1  m2  ....  mn M
M is the total mass of system
x
O
rcm  xcm iˆ  y cm jˆ  zcm kˆ
z Centre of Mass of Continuous Mass Distribution

The different coordinates of centre of mass of a continuous body is calculated by using the following integrals:
xcm 
 xdm ; y cm 
 ydm ; zcm 
 zdm
 dm  dm  dm
Note :
(i) The centre of mass of a system of particles lies to the region where majority of mass of the system
lies (or centre of mass lies towards heavier side).
(ii) The centre of mass of a body may lie outside the body or on the body. e.g., The centre of mass
of a ring lies at its centre (where there is no mass).
(iii) For a symmetrical body of uniform density, the centre of mass lies at its geometrical centre.
(iv) For a two particle system, the centre of mass lies on the line joining them and closer to the greater
mass.
d c.m.
m1 m2
r2 r2
m2d m1d
r1  and r2 
m1  m2 m1  m2
(v) The location of centre of mass of a body does not depend on the choice of axes. For different
coordinate system we’ll get different coordinates but not different location.
(vi) The centre of mass of a rod of non uniform density whose mass per unit length () varies as  =
Ax, where A is a constant, lies at a distance 2L/3 from x = 0.
2L/3 c.m.
x
x=0 x=L
(vii) While locating the position of centre of mass, be wise in choosing the origin and the coordinate
axes. If the system has a distribution of particles, choose one of the particles as origin, then choose
the axes in such a way that the majority of particles lie on the axes. In case of a continuous body,
axes should be chosen along the line (or plane) of symmetry.
y y
y
m2 m2 m2 m3 m 2 m3
x
O
m1 m4 m1 m4 m1 m4
x x
O O
Given above are the three ways of choosing coordinate axes in order to locate the position of centre
of mass of a four particle system forming a square. First way will lead you to lesser calculations.
(viii) Internal forces can not change the position of centre of mass of system.
Illustration-1
A small square is removed from a uniform square plate of side a, as shown in the figure. Where is the centre
of mass of remaining plate relative to the original centre?
a/2
For solving this type of problem where the bodies involved are of uniform density and two dimensional, we
can use areas in place of their masses. The remaining body can be assumed to be a superposition of two
masses, one mass is the original mass and the other is the negative mass of the body which has been
removed.
Original
square – Removed
square
+
Here, the area of removed square will be taken

negative and that of original square positive.
In this way, by taking the mass (or area) of removed square as negative, the coordinates of centre of mass
of the remaining portion are
A1x1  A2 x2 A1y1  A2 y 2
xcm  and y cm 
A1  A2 A1  A2
Here, A1 = a2 = area of first body (original square)
A2 = –a2/4 = area of second body (removed portion)
Further, the remaining body has a line of symmetry, so its centre of mass must lie on this line. Choose the
line of symmetry as x-axis with origin at the centre of original square. Here we do not need to calculate the
y-coordinate of centre of mass, which is clearly zero (why?). Now, the x and y coordinates of the two bodies
are as shown in figure.
Removed
y x y square x
Line of –
+ symmetry
Original (a/(22), 0)
square
(0, 0) (0, 0)
Body 1 Body 2
 a2   a 
(a2 )  (0)       
xcm
A x  A2 x2
 1 1   4  2 2
A1  A2  a2 
(a2 )    
 4 
a a
 xcm   ; the centre of mass of remaining body lies on negative x-axis at a distance of from
6 2 6 2
origin.
Example 3 : Three point masses m1 = 2 kg, m2 = 4 kg and m3 = 6 kg are kept at the three corners of an
equilateral triangle of side 1 m. Find the location of their centre of mass.
Solution : Assume m1 to be at the origin and x-axis along the line joining m1 to m2, as shown in figure
y m3
1m 1m
x
m1 1m m2
From the figure it is clear that the x-y co-ordinates of m1 is (x1,y1) = (0,0), that of m2 is (x2,y2)
1 3
= (1,0) and that of m3 is (x3,y3) =  ,  .
2 2 
1
2  0  4  1 6 
xCM  2 7m
2 46 12
3
2 0  4  0  6
y CM  2 3 3  3m
2 46 12 4
 7 3
 CM is at  , 
 12 4 
Example 4 : The object shown in figure is constructed of uniform rods of same material. Find the position
of centre of mass w.r.t. its corner O.
O 2L
Solution : As rods are uniform, therefore centre of mass of both rods will be at their geometrical centres.
 L
The co-ordinates of CM of first rod C1 are (L, 0) and second rod C2 are  0, 
 2
 The co-ordinates of CM of system are given by y
L.2M  0.M 2L
xCM  
2M  M 3
 L C M
L  0,  2
0.2M  M  2
2 L CM
y CM  
2M  M 6 2M
x
O
 2L L  C (L, 0)
1
Hence coordinates of CM are  , 
 3 6
MOTION OF CENTRE OF MASS

z Velocity of Centre of Mass
The instantaneous velocity of centre of mass is given by

m1v 1  m2 v 2  ....mn v n P system
v cm  ; or v cm 
M M

Where P system is the total linear momentum of centre of mass. The velocity of centre of mass is
calculated by dividing total momentum of system by the total mass of system.
z Acceleration of Centre of Mass

Differentiating v cm w.r.t. time we get acm as

m1a1  m2a2  .... mn an F ext
acm  ; or acm 
M M

Where Fext is the vector sum of forces acting on the particles of system.
Example 5 : Two particles of mass 1 kg and 2 kg are moving along the same line with speeds 2 m/s and
4 m/s respectively. Calculate the speed of the centre of mass of the system if both the particles
are moving in the same direction.

m1v1  m2v 2
Solution : v cm 
m1  m2
Substituting the value, we get
1  2  2  4 2  8 10
v cm    m/s
3 3 3
Illustration-2
A man (of mass m) stands at the left end of a uniform sled of length L and mass M, which lies on frictionless
ice. The man then walks to the other end of the sled. By what distance the sled slides on the ice?
Solution
The net external force on the system (man + sled) is zero (their weights are balanced by the normal reaction
on the sled and the ice is frictionless). The centre of mass of the system is to be at the same position while
man moves to right. Obviously, the sled will shift towards left.
m
Let the displacement of sled relative to ground = x
c.m. Frictionless ice
The displacement of man relative to ground = L – x L M
As the centre of mass remains stationary,
Left shift = Right shift L–x
m
 Mx = m (L – x) x c.m.
M L
mL
 x
mM
z Some Important Points :
1. The centre of mass is a point such that the mass of the system M multiplied by the acceleration
(d2Rcm/dt2) of the centre of mass of the system gives the resultant of all forces acting on the system.
2. The centre of mass of a system of two particles lies in between them on the line joining the particles.
3. The location of centre of mass of a rigid body remains unchanged in pure rotatory motion. But it changes
in translatory motion.
4. If we take the centre of mass as the origin, then the sum of the moments of the masses of the system

 mi ri is zero.
5. During translatory motion, the position of the centre of mass changes with time.
6. During pure rotatory motion, the axis of rotation passes through the centre of mass.
7. The position of centre of mass of a system with respect to the system is independent of the co-ordinate system
or the location of the origin.
8. In the absence of an external force, the velocity of the centre of mass of a body remains constant.
9. For applying the laws of kinematics and dynamics, whole of the mass of a body can be assumed to be
concentrated at the centre of mass.
10. The location of the centre of mass depends on the shape and nature of distribution of mass of the body.
EXERCISE
1. A uniform square plate abcd has a mass of 1 kg. If two point masses each of 20 g are placed at the corners
b and c as shown, then the centre of mass shifts on the line
a X b
W Y
O
d c
Z
(1) OW (2) OX
(3) OY (4) OZ
2. In carbon monoxide molecules, the carbon and the oxygen atoms are separated by distance 1.2 Å. The distance
of the centre of mass, from the carbon atom is
(1) 0.48 Å (2) 0.51 Å
(3) 0.56 Å (4) 0.69 Å
3. Consider
a system of two identical particles. One of the particles is at rest and the other has an acceleration
f . The centre of mass has an acceleration

(1) Zero (2) f

f
(3) (4) 2f
2
4. Two blocks of masses 5 kg and 2 kg are connected by a spring of negligible mass and placed on a frictionless
horizontal surface. An impulse provides a velocity of 7 m/s to the heavier block in the direction of the lighter
block. The velocity of the centre of mass is
(1) 4 m/s (2) 5 m/s
(3) 2 m/s (4) 3 m/s
5. A body falling vertically downwards under gravity breaks in two parts of unequal masses. The centre of mass
of the two parts taken together
(1) Shifts horizontally towards heavier piece (2) Shifts horizontally towards lighter piece
(3) Doesn’t shift horizontally (4) Shifts horizontally if initial speed is zero
6. A body at rest explodes into two pieces of unequal mass. The parts will move
(1) Arbitrarily (2) In the same direction
(3) In opposite directions with equal speeds (4) In opposite directions with unequal speeds
7. A point object of mass m is kept at (a, 0) along x-axis. What mass should be kept at (–3a, 0), so that centre
of mass lies at origin?
(1) m (2) 2m
m
(3) (4) 3m
3
8. Locate the centre of mass of arrangement shown in figure. The three rods are identical in mass and length
y-axis
x-axis
L
L L L 
(1)  2, 2  (2)  3 , 0
   
L L  L
(3)  3, 2 (4)  0, 3 
   
9. A particle of mass m is thrown horizontally from the top of a tower and another particle of mass 2m is thrown
vertically upward. The acceleration of centre of mass is
9g
(1) g (2)
3
2g g
(3) (4)
3 2
10. A child is standing at one end of a long trolley moving with a speed v on a smooth horizontal track. If the
child starts running towards the other end of the trolley with a speed u, the centre of mass of the system
(trolley + child) will move with a speed
(1) Zero (2) (v + u)
(3) v (4) (v – u)
11. In a clockwise system
(1) kˆ  iˆ  jˆ (2) ˆj .iˆ  1
(3) iˆ  iˆ  1 (4) ˆj . jˆ  0

12. The angle between vectors (M  N ) and (N  M ) is
(1) 0° (2) 60°

(3) 90° (4) 180°

13. A vector A points towards North and vector B points upwards then A  B points towards
(1) East (2) West
(3) North (4) South

14. If A  B  C  0 then A  B is

(1) C  B (2) B C

(3) A  C (4) Zero

15. If the angle between the vectors C and D is  then the value of the product (C  D ).D is equal to
(1) Zero (2) CD2 sin 
(3)CD2 cos  (4) CD2 sin cos 

16. Let A  2iˆ  3 ˆj  4kˆ and B  4iˆ  jˆ  2kˆ then | A  B | is equal to
(1) 440 (2) 2 110

(3) 220 (4) 4 65
17. A disc rotating about its axis from rest, acquires the angular speed 100 rev/s in 4 second. The angle rotated
by it during these four seconds (in radian) is
(1) 100 (2) 200
(3) 300 (4) 400
18. A body rotating with uniform angular acceleration covers 100(radian) in the first 5 s after the start. Its angular
speed at the end of 5 s (in radian/s) is
(1) 40 (2) 30
(3) 20 (4) 10
19. A wheel starting from rest is uniformly accelerated at 2 rad/s2 for 20 seconds. It is allowed to rotate uniformly
for the next 10 seconds and is finally brought to rest in next 20 seconds. The total angle rotated by the wheel
(in radian) is
(1) 600 (2) 1200
(3) 1800 (4) 300
20. A body rotates about a fixed axis with an angular acceleration of 3 rad/s2. The angle rotated by it during the
time when its angular velocity increases from 10 rad/s to 20 rad/s (in radian) is
(1) 50 (2) 100
(3) 150 (4) 200
TORQUE AND ANGULAR MOMENTUM

1. Moment of force (Torque) : We have learnt that the motion of a rigid body in general is a combination of
rotation and translation. If the body is fixed at a point or along a line then, it has only rotational
motion. In our previous chapters we have discussed that force is needed to change the state of a body i.e.,
to produce linear acceleration. But what is the analogue of force in the case of rotational motion?
To look into the question, let us take the example of pushing a door to open it. The force of your push (F)
causes the door to rotate about its hinges (joints). How hard you need to push depends on the
distance you are from the hinges (joints). The closer you are to the hinges, the harder it is to push. This is
what happens when you try to push a door on the wrong side to open it.
So, we conclude that the rotational analogue of force is moment of force i.e. torque. When an external force
acting on a body has a tendency to rotate the body about a fixed point or about a fixed axis, it is said to
exert a torque on the body. The moment of a force or the torque due to the force gives us the turning effect
of the force about the fixed point/axis. It is measured by the product of magnitude of force and perpendicular
distance of the line of action of force from the axis of rotation. As shown in the figure given below, it is
represented by a greek letter .
Thus, torque about point O is

  r  F  (r F sin ) nˆ
z
P
r
y
r
x

Fig.   r  F ,  is perpendicular to the plane containing r and F ,
and its direction is given by the right handed screw rule

where  is smaller angle between r and F , n̂ is the vector along  . The direction of  is perpendicular to

the plane containing r and F and is given by right hand screw rule by rotating the right hand screw from

r to F .
The SI unit of torque is N-m, and dimensions of torque are [M1L2T–2] which are same as those of work
and energy.
Its component along an axis (say z) is given by

z  (r  F )  kˆ , where k̂ is unit vector along that axis

Note : 1.  = 0, if r = 0, F = 0 or  = 0° or 180°. Thus, the moment of a force vanishes if either the
magnitude of the force or perpendicular distance from the axis is zero, or the angle between
them is 0° or 180°.

2. As   r  F is a vector product, so properties of a vector product of two vectors apply. If the

direction of F is reversed, the direction of the moment of force is reversed.

If directions of both r and F are reversed, the direction of  remains the same.
The force applied on a rigid body may rotate it in three dimensions. In that case we shall have three
components of torque, which can be obtained by using

r F

   x iˆ   y ˆj   z kˆ

r  xiˆ  yjˆ  zkˆ

F  Fx iˆ  Fy jˆ  Fz kˆ
Using determinant method,
iˆ ˆj kˆ
  iˆ  
x y
ˆj   kˆ
z  = x y z
Fx Fy Fz
   
= yFz – zFy iˆ   zFx – xFz  ˆj  xFy – yFx kˆ
Equating the three rectangular components on two sides,
 x  yFz – zFy ...(i)

We get  y  zFx – xFz ...(ii)
 z  xFy – yFx ... (iii)
From the above three equations, we can see that if the object is moving in the y – z plane x  0
and y = z = 0.
Similarly, if it is moving in x – z plane y  0 and x = z = 0 and if it is moving in x – y plane

z  0 and x = y = 0.
Example 6 : A force (iˆ – 2 jˆ  3kˆ ) acts on a particle of position vector (3iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ ) . Calculate the torque
acting on the particle.

Solution :  r F
Using Determinant method,
iˆ ˆj kˆ

 = 3 2 1
1 –2 3
=  6  2  iˆ –  9 – 1 ˆj   – 6 – 2 kˆ
= 8iˆ – 8 jˆ – 8kˆ

  = 8(iˆ – jˆ – kˆ ) Nm .
2. Angular Momentum of a Particle : The angular momentum L of the particle with respect to the origin O is

defined as the cross product of r and P is

L= r  P

L = | r | | P | sin

where | P | is the magnitude of P and  is the angle between r and P . Angular momentum is zero if the

linear momentum vanishes (P  0) , if the particle is at the origin (r  0) or if the angle between r and P
is zero or 180°.
Example 7 : A car of mass 300 kg is travelling on a circular track of radius 100 m with a constant speed of
60 m/s. Calculate the angular momentum about the centre of circle.

Solution : L = r P

P = mv
= 300 × 60
= 18000 kg m/s (directed along the tangent to the circle)

| L | = rP sin,  = 90°

| L | = rP
= 100 × 18000
= 18 × 105 kg m2 s–1
3. Angular Momentum for a System of Particles

The total angular momentum of a system of particles about a given point is,
n
L  L1  L2  L3  ...  Ln   Li
l 1

The angular momentum of the i th particle is given by Li  ri  pi , where r is the position vector of i th particle

w.r.t. a given origin and pi = (mi v i ) is the linear momentum of the i th particle. So, the total angular momentum

of a system of particles is L   Li   ri  Pi .
i i
In pure rotation

L   ri mi v i
i
i n
L   mi ri 2
L 1
L = I
EQUILIBRIUM OF A RIGID BODY

A rigid body is said to be in mechanical equilibrium, if its linear momentum and angular momentum
are not changing with time i.e., the body has neither linear acceleration nor angular acceleration. This means
(i) The total forces, i.e. the vector sum of the forces acting on the rigid body is zero,
n
F 1  F 2  ...  F n = F
i 1
i  0.
(ii) If the total torque acting on the rigid body vanishes i.e. the vector sum of the torques on the rigid body
is zero,
n
1   2  ... n    = 0.
i 1
z Principle of Moments
The lever is a system in mechanical equilibrium. A see-saw on the children's playground is a typical example
of a lever. An ideal lever is essentially a light (i.e., of negligible mass) rod pivoted at a point along its length.
This point is called the fulcrum. Let us consider the example of see-saw. See the figure given below, F1 and
F2 are the two parallel forces acting perpendicular to the lever at distances d1 and d2 from the fulcrum.
R
d1 d2
A B
F1 F2

Let R be the reaction of the support at the fulcrum; R is directed opposite to the forces F 1 and F 2 .
For translational equilibrium (sum of all the forces must be zero)
i.e., R – F1 – F2 = 0 ...(i)

For rotational equilibrium (sum of all the torques must be zero). There the sum of moments of forces F 1 and

F 2 must be equal to zero.

Moment of force | 1 | of force F 1 = d1F1 (acting anticlockwise)

Moment of force | 2 | of force F 2 = d2F2 (acting in the clockwise direction) and for rotational equilibrium

1  2 = 0  d1F1 – d2F2 = 0 ...(ii)
i.e. d1F1  d 2 F2
F1
The above equation expresses the principle of moments for a lever and the ratio of is called the Mechanical
F2
Advantage (M.A.).
F1 d 2
M.A.  
F2 d1
If the effort arm d2 is larger than the load arm, the mechanical advantage is greater than one. Mechanical
advantage greater than one means that a small effort can be used to lift a large load.
Note: The principle of moments holds even when the parallel forces F1 and F2 are not perpendicular, but
act at some angle, to the lever.
Example 8 : If the Mechanical Advantage of a lever is 100, when a force of 10 N acts at a distance of 20 cm
from the point of fulcrum. Calculate the force acting on the other side of the fulcrum and the
distance of that force from the fulcrum.
d 2 F1
Solution : MA = 
d1 F2
10
 100 =
F2
10 1
 F2 = = N
100 10
d2
and d1 MA
 d2 = MA × d1
= 100 × 20
= 2000 cm
z Centre of Gravity
In our previous sections, we have discussed the centre of mass, which is the point where the whole mass of
the body is supposed to be concentrated. Now in this section we will discuss the centre of gravity.
The centre of gravity is that point of the body, where the whole weight of the body is supposed to be
concentrated. Consider a rigid body as shown in the figure given below. If r i is the position vector of the i th
particle of an extended body with respect to the centre of gravity of the body, then the torque about the centre
of gravity, due to the force of gravity on the particle is given by

1 = r i  mi g
The total torque about the centre of gravity is zero,

   r  m g  0
i i i ...(i)
Therefore, we may define the centre of gravity of a body as that point where the total gravitational torque acting
on the body is zero.
R
C.G.
m2g m1g
mg
Thus, we conclude that the centre of gravity coincides with the centre of mass because the body being small,

g does not vary from one point of the body to the other. If the body is so extended that g varies from part
to part of the body, then the centre of gravity and centre of mass will not coincides.
Note : Centre of mass has nothing to do with gravity, it depends only on the distribution of mass
of the body.
Example 9 : A metal rod of length 50 cm having mass 2 kg is supported on two edges placed 10 cm from
each end. A 3 kg load is suspended at 20 cm from one end. Find the reactions at the edges.
(take g = 10 m/s2)
Solution : AB is the rod, C is the centre of gravity and W is the weight of the rod acting downward and
W1 is the weight of the load suspended at point D. Rod is supported at two edges E and F as
shown in the figure. R1 and R2 are the reaction force at E and F respectively.
As the rod is uniform and homogeneous, R1 R2

therefore G is at the centre DC
A F B
AB = 50 cm, AC = 25 cm, AD = 20 cm, E
CD = 5 cm , AE = BF = 10 cm, ED = 10 cm,
w1 w
EC = FC = 15 cm 50 cm
W = mg = 2 × 10 = 20 N
W1 = 3 × 10 = 30 N

For translational equilibrium, F i
i 0
R1 + R2 – W – W1 = 0
{W1 and W act in the downward direction and R1 and R2 act in the vertically upward direction}
R1 + R2 – 20 –30 = 0
 R1 + R2 = 50 ...(i)

For rotational equilibrium, 
i
i 0
 – R1 (EC) + W1(CD) + R2(FC) = 0
 – R1(15) + 30(5) + R2(15) = 0
 R1 – R2 = 10 ...(ii)
Adding (i) & (ii), we get
2R1 = 60, R1 = 30 N
and R2 = 50 – 30 = 20 N
R1  30 N , R2  20 N
EXERCISE

21. The torque of a force F  2iˆ  2 ˆj  3kˆ acting on a point r  iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ about origin will be
(1) 8iˆ  5 ˆj  2kˆ (2) 8iˆ  5 ˆj  2kˆ
(3) 8iˆ  5 ˆj  2kˆ (4) 8iˆ  5 ˆj  2kˆ
22. Moment of a force of magnitude 20 N acting along positive x direction at point (3m, 0, 0) about the point (0, 2, 0)
(in Nm) is
(1) 20 (2) 60
(3) 40 (4) 30
23. A flywheel of moment of inertia 2 kg-m2 is rotated at a speed of 30 rad/s. A tangential force at the rim stops
the wheel in 15 second. Average torque of the force is
(1) 4 Nm (2) 2 Nm
(3) 8 Nm (4) 1 Nm
24. A torque T acts on a body of moment of inertia I rotating with angular speed . It will be stopped just after
time
IT I
(1) (2)
 T
T
(3) (4) IT
I

25. A disc is rotating with angular velocity  . A force F acts at a point whose position vector with respect to

the axis of rotation is r . The power associated with torque due to the force is given by

(1) (r  F ). (2) (r  F )  

(3) r  (F . ) (4) r . (F  )
26. A particle is rotating in a circle with uniform speed as shown. The angular momentum of the particle w.r.t.
origin is
y
Origin x
(1) Constant in magnitude as well as direction (2) Constant in magnitude only

(3) Constant in direction only (4) Variable in magnitude as well as direction
27. When torque applied on a system is zero, which of the following will be constant?
(1) Moment of inertia (2) Angular velocity
(3) Kinetic energy (4) Moment of linear momentum
28. A particle is moving along a straight line parallel to x-axis with constant velocity. Find angular momentum about
the origin in vector form
y
P (m)
v
B
r
b
A
x
a
(1) + mv2b k̂ (2)  mv b kˆ
(3)  2mv b kˆ (4)  mv b ˆj
29. A particle is moving along a straight line with increasing speed. Its angular momentum about a fixed point on
this line
(1) Goes on increasing
(2) Goes on decreasing
(3) May be increasing or decreasing depending on direction of motion
(4) Remains zero
30. When a body is spinning on its axis in absence of any external torque, then choose the wrong statement

(1)  can be changed by keeping L same (2) L can be changed by keeping  same

(3) I can be changed by keeping L same (4) I and  both can be changed by keeping L same
MOMENT OF INERTIA
It is a measure of rotational inertia of a rigid body. It depends on how the mass is distributed relative to the
axis of rotation.
z Moment of inertia of point masses.
I  m1r12  m2r22  m3r32  ...

i n
I   mi r12
i 1
z Moment of inertia bodies having continuous mass distribution.
I   (dm )r 2
z Moment of inertia of a body depends on
(i) Shape and size of body
(ii) Distribution of mass in the body
(iii) Position of axis of rotation
THEOREMS ON MOMENT OF INERTIA

z Parallel Axes Theorem
I = Icm + md 2 d
Icm = Moment of inertia of the body about its centre of mass

I = Moment of inertia of the body about a parallel axis passing
through its centre of mass cm
m = Total mass of the body
d = Perpendicular distance between two parallel axes.
Example 10 : Calculate the moment of inertia of a rod of mass M, and length l about an axis perpendicular to
it passing through one of its ends.
Solution : For the rod of mass M and length l the moment of inertia of the rod about an axis AB passing
Ml 2
through its centre of mass is given IAB =
12
A C
l
2
l
B D
According to the parallel axes theorem
2
l Ml 2 Ml 2 Ml 2  3Ml 2 4Ml 2 Ml 2
ICD = I AB  M   =    
 2 12 4 12 12 3
Ml 2
ICD =
3
z Perpendicular Axes Theorem

This theorem is applicable to laminar bodies.
Moment of inertia of a laminar body about an axis perpendicular to the plane of lamina. (Iz) is equal to
the sum of moment of inertia of body about two mutually perpendicular axes x & y (in the plane of lamina)
passing through the point of intersection of z axis with plane of the lamina.
z
y
O
x
Iz = Ix + Iy
Where Ix, Iy and Iz are the respective moment of inertia of the body about x, y and z-axes.
z The point O need not be the centre of mass of the body.
Example 11 : What is the moment of inertia of a uniform circular ring about its diameters?
Solution : The moment of inertia of a uniform ring about an axis passing through its centre and perpendicular
to it is given by, I = MR2
According to the theorem of perpendicular axis, Iz = Ix + Iy z

y
Now x and y axes are along the diameter of the disc, and by symmetry
Ix = I y x
 Iz = 2Ix
Iz = MR2
MR 2
 Ix =
2
MR 2
Thus the moment of inertia of the ring about any of its diameter is .
2
z Moment of Inertia of Few Regular Shaped Bodies
S.No. Body Axis Figure l
(1) Thin circular ring, radius R Perpendicular to plane, at MR2

centre
2
(2) Thin circular ring, radius R Diameter MR
2
2
(3) Thin rod, length L Perpendicular to rod, at ML
mid point 12
(4) Circular disc, radius R Perpendicular to disc at MR2

centre 2
2
(5) Circular disc, radius R Diameter
MR
4
2
(6) Hollow cylinder, radius R Axis of cylinder MR
MR2
(7) Solid Cylinder radius R Axis of cylinder
2
2
2MR
(8) Solid sphere, radius R Diameter 5
2
2MR
(9) Hollow sphere, radius R Diameter 3
COMPARISON BETWEEN LINEAR MOTION VARIABLES AND ROTATIONAL MOTION

VARIABLES
S. No. Translational Motion Rotational motion about a fixed axis
1. Displacement x Angular displacement 

dx d
2. Velocity v = Angular velocity  =
dt dt
dv d
3. Acceleration a = Angular acceleration  =
dt dt
4. Mass M Moment of inertia I
5. Force F = Ma Torque  = I
6. Work dW = Fds Work dw = d
Mv 2 I 2
7. Kinetic energy K = Kinetic energy K =
2 2
8. Power P = Fv Power P = 
9. Linear momentum P = Mv Angular momentum L = I
10. Equations of translatory motion Equations of rotational motion

v = u + at  = 0 + t
1 2 1 2
s = ut + at  = 0t + t
2 2
2 2
v – u = 2as  2 – 02 = 2
where the symbols have their where the symbols have their usual
usual meaning meaning.
11. Linear momentum is conserved if Angular momentum is conserved if no
no external force acts on the external torque acts on the system.
system. dL
dP 
dt
F
dt If   0
If F  0 dL
0
dP dt
 0 or P  constant
dt L  constant
Example 12 : The angular speed of a motor wheel is increased from 600 rpm to 1200 rpm in 4 seconds.
Calculate how many revolutions does the engine make during this time.
Solution : Using  = 0 + t
 – 0
 =
t
2  600
0 = 600 rpm = = 20 rad s–1
60
2  1200
 = 1200 rpm = = 40 rad s–1
60
20
 = = 5 rad s–2
4
Again using,
1 2
 = 0t  t
2
1
 = 20 × 4 + × 5 × 16
2
 = 80 + 40 = 120
 120
Number of revolutions = = = 60 revolutions
2 2
COMBINED ROTATIONAL AND TRANSLATIONAL MOTION
A rigid body may be rotating about an axis which itself is moving. That is, in the frame of the axis of the
rotation, the motion is pure rotational. But it is neither pure translational nor pure rotational when seen from
the lab. In the frame of the lab, the motion of the body will be obtained by adding the motion of the axis of
rotation with respect to the lab to the motion of the body with respect to the axis of rotation.

(i) If the axis of rotation is non-inertial (having acceleration a ) generally, ext  I  does not hold because

the pseudo force ( ma ) on each particle will produce a pseudo torque. In this case,

ext  pseudo  I 
(ii) There is an interesting and very useful case when the axis of rotation passes through the centre of

mass of the body. In this case ext  I  does hold even if the axis is non-inertial because in this case
the net torque of the pseudo forces about the axis of rotation becomes zero.
If we take origin at the centre of mass,

pseudo = ri  ( mi  a )

= (mi  ri )  a
 (mi  ri ) 
= M  a
 M 

= MRcm  a

= 0 , [because Rcm  0 ].
ext
Hence  cm   cm / I cm
Fext
and a cm 
M
Example 13 : Figure shows a pulley of mass m and radius r with two blocks of masses m1 and m2 attached
with a light and unstretchable string. Find the acceleration of the blocks, tensions in the string
and the force exerted by the pulley on the ceiling from which it is hanging. Assume no slipping
between the string and the wheel.
T1
T2
m1 a
m2
Solution : From the free-body diagram of the mass m1, [Fig. (a)]
T1 – m1g = m1a …(i)
From the free-body diagram of the mass m2, [Fig. (b)] T1
m2g – T2 = m2a …(ii)
Considering the rotational motion of the pulley, the torque on it is
m1 a
a
T2r – T1r = I [Fig. (c)]
r
a
or, T2 – T1 = I 2 …(iii) m1g
r
Adding (i), (ii) and (iii), we get (a)
 
 m2  m1  T2
a g
m m  I  …(iv)
 1 2 
r2
a
and hence from (i)
 I 
m1  2m2  2  g
 r 
T1 
I …(v) m2g
m1  m2  2
r (b)
and from (ii),
 I 
m2  2m1  2  g r r
 r 
T2 
I …(vi)
m1  m2  2
r T1
I m
For a pulley, take I  1 mr 2 or 2  T2
2 r 2 (c)
Note :
 m  m1 
If we neglect the mass of the pulley, I = 0 and hence a   2
 m  m g;
(1)
 1 2 
 2m1m2 
T1  T2   g
 m1  m2 
a
(2) The angular acceleration of the pulley is   .
r
Example 14 : Figure shows a solid cylinder of mass m suspended through two strings wrapped around it. Find
its acceleration, the tension T in the string and the speed of the cylinder as it falls through a
distance h.
T T
mg
Solution : For the linear motion of the centre of mass.
Net force = mg – 2T = ma,
[where a is the acceleration of the CM] …(i)
a
For the rotational motion about the CM, Net torque = 2Tr = I cm 
r
a
or 2T  Icm …(ii)
r2
From (i) and (ii), we get
mg
a
I
m  cm …(A)
r2
 
 
I
From (ii), T  cm  mg  …(B)
2r 2  m  I cm 
 
 r2 
1 2 mg
Putting I cm  mr 2 , we get a g and T 
2 3 6
2  4gh
v2 = 2ah = 2 g  h or v
3  3
Example 15 : Two boys are holding a horizontal rod of length L and weight W through its two ends. If now one
of the boys suddenly leaves the rod, what is the instantaneous reaction force experienced by the
other boy?
Solution : Let us suppose the reaction force by the boy at the end be R and the instantaneous angular
acceleration of the rod be  . Note that  remains same about any axis perpendicular to plane
whether the axis passes through the centre or through the end.
O C
 
R W
Apply   I  about C, we get
L ML2 ML2
R   …(i) (M : Mass of the rod and I about centre for thin rod is )
2 12 12
Now apply   I  about O
L ML2 ML2
W   …(ii) (I of thin rod about the end is )
2 3 3
Dividing (i) by (ii) we get,
W
R
4
ROLLING MOTION
It is a special case of combined (translational and rotational) motion of a rigid body when the point of contact
between the body and the surface is stationary with respect to the surface.
Rolling (Translation + Rotation)

R R
vcm R vcm + R
vcm R vcm
  R 
R vcm vcm
vcm 
vcm O O  vcm O vcm
  R
 R vcm
vcm 180 – 
Mass = m vcm R R vcm R
R
Pure translation Pure rotation Rolling
Case - I : Forward slipping
vcm > R
vcm

friction vcm – R
Case - II : Backward slipping
vcm < R
 vcm
R – vcm friction
Case - III : Pure Rolling
vcm = R
/2
2 R
s
co



2R
2R
R R
/
sin


2R
2R

I v=0 I v=0
(instantaneous centre of rotation) (instantaneous centre of rotation)
z Rotational Kinetic Energy
Consider a rigid body rotating about an axis with angular velocity ‘’. Various particles
of the body are all rotating on a circle with radius r1, r2 ........ with angular velocity 
‘’. The total kinetic energy
1 1 1 m1
K.E. = m1v12  m2v 22  m3v 32 ....
2 2 2 r1
1 1 1 r2
= m1(r1)2  m2 (r2)2  m3 (r3 )2  ... m2
2 2 2 r3
m3
1 2 2 2
= [m1r1  m2r2  ....] 
2
1 2
K.E. = I
2
1 2
The value I = m1r12 + m2r22 + .... is called moment of inertia and I = kinetic energy of rotation.
2
z For a body having continuously distributed mass, moment of inertia I   dmr 2 .
z Kinetic energy of the body during pure rolling (E)

E = Translational KE + Rotational KE
= ET + ER
1 1
= mv 2  I 2
2 2
1 I  1  K2 
=  m  2  v 2  mv 2  1  2 
2 R  2  R 
 K2 
E  ET  1  2 
 R 
 R2 
Similarly, E  ER  1  2 
 K 
Fraction of total energy Fraction of total energy

2  1 1 Y
Type of body K  K  R2 
translational X   1  2  rotational Y   1  2  X
 R   K 
1. Ring or hollow 1 1
R  0.5  50%  0.5  50% 1: 1
cylinder 2 2
2 3 2
2. Spherical Shell R  0.6  60%  0.4  40% 2:3
3 5 5
3. Disc or solid R 2 1
 0.666  66.67%  0.333  33.33% 1: 2
cylinder 2 3 3
2 5 2
4. Solid sphere R  0.714  71.4%  0.286  28.6% 2:5
5 7 7
Note : Above values X and Y are independent of mass and radius of the body. They only depends on
the type of body.
ROLLING ON A HORIZONTAL PLANE

z Acceleration of centre of mass
F
 r  r
1
F R 
C
aC    ...(1)
M IC 
 1
 MR 2 
 I  MrR 
z Force of friction f  F  C 2
...(2) Rough surface
 IC  MR 
z If force acts through C,

r=0
from equation (1) and (2)
F  1  F
aC 
M IC 
1  
 MR 2 
 1  f
f F 2 
friction acts in backward direction.
1  MR 
 IC 
z Force acts above C i.e., r is positive.

(i) From equation (1) and (2) the body moves forward
(ii) Rotation about centre of mass clockwise
(iii) The frictional force may acts forward, backward and zero
IC
Forward if r 
MR
IC
Backward if r 
MR
IC
Zero if r 
MR
ROLLING ON AN INCLINED PLANE

z Transformation of energy in pure rolling
1 2 1 2
mgh  I  mv cm
2 2
(Total energy ) ( Rotatory ) (Translatory )
I K2
z   1 2
= 1 2
MR R
and I = MK2
K  radius of gyration
z Acceleration of centre of mass
R
g sin  g sin 
acm  =
 K2 f )
1 2 ing
R 
sin

slipp h
mg (no
ugh 
vcm ro os
c
 mg
z Velocity of centre of mass at bottom
2gh K2
v cm  = 2gh 1 
 R2
z Time taken by body to reach bottom
1 2h
Time  . 
sin  g
i.e., t  
mg sin 
z Force of friction f 
R2
1 2
K
  R2  
Maximum angle of inclination for pure rolling, max  tan    1  2  
1
z
  K 
 
Ring : max = tan–1 (2), Spherical Shell : max = tan–1(2.5 ), Disc : max = tan–1 (3), Solid sphere :
max = tan–1(3.5 ).
z Condition for pure rolling

tan 
min 
mR 2
1
I
z If min  actual, then rolling occurs.
z If min > actual then pure rolling is not possible.
z If a body rolls up an inclined plane, the direction of force of friction is also in upward direction.
z The acceleration of the bodies rolling on inclined plane depends on radius of gyration (K)
For example, two uniform solid sphere made of different material, unequal mass, unequal radius are
released on same inclined plane, and if they roll, they will have same acceleration.
Example 16 : A solid sphere is rolling down an inclined plane without slipping of height 20 m. Calculate the
maximum velocity with which it will reach the bottom of the plane. (g = 10 m/s2)
Solution : When the sphere rolls down, its potential energy changes to K.E. of rotation. Therefore, K.E. = P.E.
20 m
1  k2 
mv 2  1  2   mgh
2  k 
2gh
v
 k2 
 1 
k 2 
2
Moment of inertia of solid sphere = MR 2
5
2 2
 k2 = R
5
2gh
Hence, v =
 2
1  5 
 
2gh  5
=
7
2  10  20  5
=
7
= 285.714
= 16.90 m/s
Example 17 : A solid sphere is rolling without slipping on a level surface at a constant speed of 2.0 ms–1. How
far can it roll up a 30° ramp before it stops?
2
Solution : The moment of inertia of the sphere about its axis of rotation is I  mr 2 .
5
Suppose it rises to height h before stopping. Using the conservation of energy, we get
1 1 1 12  =0
mgh  mv 2  I2  mv 2   mr 2 2 ,v
2 2 2 25  0
=
1 1 7
= mv 2  mv 2  mv 2
2 5 10  s h
v
7v 2 
or h
10g
 The distance rolled up on the ramp is

h 7v 2 7(2ms 1 )2
s  
sin  10g sin  1
10(9.8 ms 2 ) 
2
4
 metre ~
 57 cm
7
ANGULAR MOMENTUM IN COMBINED TRANSLATION AND ROTATION

L  M (rcm  v cm )  Icm .
y
Case - I : M
vcm
| LO |  MVcm h h
O x
Case - II :
Lc = Ic y
LO = LA = Ic + mvcmR C
 vcm
R R
Ic = Moment of inertia about ‘C ’ x
O A
Case - III :
Lc = Ic C
 vcm
LA = IC + MvcmR R
r
A
LO = Ic + Mvcmr
O
Case - IV :
Pure rotational motion put vcm = 0
Note : In an isolated system (no external torque) the angular momentum of the system is conserved.

dL
ext 
dt

dL
If ext  O , O  L  constant
dt
Examples :
1. Two point masses each m falls on a disk at two diametrically opposite ends and stick to it
Before After
 
R m R m
Disc (Picks two particles at

(moment of inertia I) diametrically opposite points)
2
L1 = I L2 = (I + 2mR )
L1 = L2
I
 
I  2mR 2
2. Before After
 
m
R
R
v
Moment of inertia of platform I If man is walking along the edge with speed v
m = mass of man m at rest in same sense w.r.t. the platform then new
at edge w.r.t. platform angular velocity of the platform is
  mvR 2

I + mR
L1 = L2
(I + mR2) = (I + mR2) + mvR
mvR
   –
I  mR 2
z A rod of mass M and length L is resting on a smooth horizontal table. A point mass m moving with
speed u hits the rod perpendicular to its length after collision, the rod rotates as well as translates.
O
m a L
u
Particle stop after collision

By conservation of linear momentum mu = Mvcm …(1)
By conservation of angular momentum mua = I …(2)
 ML2 
 where I  
 12 
z The rod is hinged at A and can rotate freely in a vertical plane, and a body of mass m collide at
perpendicular distance a and stick to rod.
A (M)
a
u
m L
Only conservation of angular momentum can be applied as the rod is fixed at A.
 ML2 
mua    ma2  
 3 
z The rod is released from unstable equilibrium position
L 1  ML2  2
(i) When at B, Mg (1  cos )   
2 2  3 
6g  u=0
 cos
L 2
L
(ii) at C,  = 0°
6g O P

l
L 
3g B
(iii) at P,  = 90°,  
l
C
EXERCISE
31. Two discs having masses in the ratio 1 : 2 and radii in the ratio 1 : 8 roll down without slipping one by one
from an inclined plane of height h. The ratio of their linear velocities on reaching the ground is
(1) 1 : 16
(2) 1 : 128
(3) 1:8 2
(4) 1:1
32. Which of the following (if mass and radius are assumed to be same) have maximum percentage of total K.E.
in rotational form while pure rolling?
(1) Disc
(2) Sphere
(3) Ring
(4) Hollow sphere
33. A solid cylinder of mass M and radius R rolls down an inclined plane of height h. The angular velocity of the
cylinder when it reaches the bottom of the plane will be
1 2
(1) gh (2) gh
2R R
2 gh 2 gh
(3) (4)
R 3 R 2
34. If radius of earth becomes n times its present value, without change in mass, then duration of day becomes
24
(1) (2) 24n2
n2
 1
(3) 24  1  2  (4) 24(1 – n2)
 n 
35. Due to global warming, ice on polar caps is likely to melt in larger quantity. Due to this effect
(1) Moment of inertia of earth shall decrease
(2) Length of the day shall decrease
(3) Angular velocity of earth shall decrease
(4) Angular momentum of earth shall decrease

t
en
nm nment
sig ssig
As A Assignment
Assignment
6. A hollow sphere of mass m and radius R rolls on
SECTION - A
a horizontal surface without slipping such that
NCERT Based MCQs velocity of its centre of mass is v. The total kinetic
energy of the sphere is [NCERT Pg. 174]
1. The centre of mass of a body.
[NCERT Pg. 144] 7 1
(1) mv 2 (2) mv 2
10 2
(1) Always lies at the geometrical centre
5 1
(2) Always lies inside the body (3) mv 2 (4) mv 2
6 4
(3) May lies outside the body
7. If the moment of inertia of a disc about an axis
(4) Always lie outside the body which is along its diameter is I then the moment
2. A child sitting at the center of a rotating stool has of inertia about the axis passing through its centre
his arms stretched. If he fold his arms, his angular and perpendicular to plane is [NCERT Pg. 165]
speed about the axis of rotation [NCERT Pg. 173] (1) I (2) I/2
(1) Increases (3) 2I (4) I/4
(2) Decreases 8. A ring of mass M and radius R is rolling without
(3) Remain unchanged slipping, the velocity of point A as shown in the
figure is [NCERT Pg. 173]
(4) May be increases or decreases
3. The position vector of three particles of masses 
m 1 = 1 kg, m 2 = 2 kg and m3 = 4 kg are vcm

r1  (iˆ  jˆ) m, r2  (2iˆ  5 ˆj ) m and r3  (2iˆ – ˆj ) m R
respectively. The position vector of their centre of
A
mass is [NCERT Pg. 145]
(1) vcm (2) 2vcm
 13iˆ  17 ˆj  2 vcm
(1) (7iˆ – 13 jˆ) m (2)   m
(3) Zero (4)
 7  9. Three particles each of mass 2 kg are placed at
 13iˆ  7 ˆj  corners of an equilateral triangle of side 2 m as
(3)   m (4) (13iˆ  17 ˆj ) m shown in figure. y - co-ordinate of the centre of
 7  mass of the system of three particles is
4. A wheel of moment of inertia 103 kgm2 is rotating
with angular speed of 5 rad/s. The torque required [NCERT Pg. 144]
to stop it in 2 s is [NCERT Pg. 154] y
2 kg
(1) 1250 Nm (2) 5000 Nm
(3) 2000 Nm (4) 2500 Nm
5. A particle of mass m is moving with a constant
velocity parallel to the y-axis. If at t = 0 particle is
at point A(2m, 0) then the angular momentum with x
2 kg 2 kg
respect to the origin on passing time
[NCERT Pg. 157] (1) 3m (2) 1 m
(1) Is zero (2) Remains constant 1

(3) m (4) 0.5 m
(3) Goes on increasing (4) Goes on decreasing 3
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph. 011-47623456
10. Starting from rest, a fan takes five seconds to attain 16. In the figure given below, a bullet of mass m moving
20 with speed u strikes a rod AB of mass M and
the maximum angular speed of rad/s . The length L at the end B and gets embedded into it.
3
If initially the rod is vertical and hinged at end A,
angular acceleration of the fan is[NCERT Pg. 170]
then angular speed of the system just after
8 4 collision will be [NCERT Pg. 173]
(1) rad/s2 (2) rad/s2 A
3 3
8 4
(3) rad/s2 (4) rad/s2
3 3
11. An automobile engine develops 100 kW power
when rotating with angular speed of 250 rad/s. The
torque developed by it will be about v
m B
[NCERT Pg. 170]
mv
(1) 680 Nm (2) 480 Nm (1)
L(3m  M )
(3) 580 Nm (4) 400 Nm Mv
(2)
12. The moment of inertia of hollow cylinder of mass L(3m  M )
M and radius R about its axis of rotation is MR2. 3mv
The radius of gyration of the cylinder about this (3)
L(3m  M )
axis is [NCERT Pg. 164]
3Mv
(4)
R L(3m  M )
(1) (2) 2R
2 17. A rigid body rotates about a fixed axis with variable
angular speed (in rad/s)  = 3 – 5t at any time t
R (in second). The angle through which it rotates
(3) R (4)
2 before it comes to rest is [NCERT Pg. 170]
13. If no external torque acts on the system, then total 9 10
angular momentum of the system (1) rad (2) rad
10 9
[NCERT Pg. 173] (3) 2 rad (4) 10 rad
(1) Must be constant (2) Must be zero 1
18. If suddenly earth’s radius reduces to times
(3) Must be variable (4) May be variable n
to its initial value while its mass remains the
14. The velocity of the centre of mass of a solid sphere same, then new duration of one day becomes
of radius R rotating with angular velocity  about (in hours) [NCERT Pg. 173]
an axis passing through its centre of mass is
[NCERT Pg. 148] 24 24
(1) (2)
n n2
R
(1) R (2) (3) 24 n (4) 24 n2
2

(3) 2 R (4) Zero 19. If A and B are the two vectors in a plane of
15. The radius of gyration of a uniform rod of length L different magnitudes other than zero and 1, then

about an axis passing through its centre of mass unit vector perpendicular to both A and B is
and perpendicular to its length is[NCERT Pg. 164]
[NCERT Pg. 151]
L L
A B A
(1)
12
(2)
2 (1) (2)
| A || B | | A || B |

L L A B B
(3) (4) (3) (4)
3 2 |AB| | A || B |
20. In the figure given below, a child of mass 4 kg is 23. A particle of mass 1 kg is moving along the line
standing on a wooden plank of mass 40 kg which y = x + 3 (x and y are in meter) with speed 3 m/s.
is kept at rest on a horizontal smooth ground. The magnitude of angular momentum of the particle
If child walks on the plank with a velocity of about origin is [NCERT Pg. 157]
10 m/s with respect to plank, then the velocity of
3 9
the plank w.r.t. ground will be [NCERT Pg. 148]
(1) kg m2s1 (2) kg m2s1
v = 10 m/s 2 2
3 9
(3) kg m2s1 (4) kg m2s1
2 2
SMOOTH HORIZONTAL SURFACE 24. A person is standing with his arms folded at the
centre of a platform which is rotating about its axis
11 10
(1) m/s (2) m/s with kinetic energy of 10 J. Standing at the same
10 11
place if he stretches his arms outwards such that
(3) 10 m/s (4) 1 m/s the moment of inertia of the system gets doubled.
21. Three rings each of mass m and radius r are so The kinetic energy of the system becomes
placed that they touch each other as shown in the [NCERT Pg. 157]
figure. The moment of inertia of the system about
(1) 20 J (2) 5 J
the axis OO is [NCERT Pg. 167]
O (3) 2.5 J (4) 40 J
25. The moment of inertia of a thin uniform rod of mass
M and length L about an axis perpendicular to its
ML2
length is . The distance of the axis from the
10
centre of the rod is [NCERT Pg. 167]
L L
O (1) (2)
2 15 2
5
(1) 5 mr2 (2) mr 2
7 L L
(3) (4)
7 15 3
(3) 7 mr2 (4) mr 2
2
26. Two rings have their moment of inertia in the ratio
22. In the figure shown below, a meter stick of mass of 2 : 1 and their diameters in the ratio of 4 : 1.
M is supported in a horizontal position by two light The ratio of their respective masses will be
strings attached at points A and B of the rod.
The initial angular acceleration of the stick if one [NCERT Pg. 167]
of the strings is cut, is [Take g = 10 m/s2] (1) 1 : 4 (2) 4 : 1
[NCERT Pg. 178] (3) 6 : 1 (4) 1 : 8
27. A particle of mass m is projected with speed u at
an angle  with the horizontal. The magnitude of
torque on the particle about the point of projection
when the particle is at the highest point is
[NCERT Pg. 154]
A B
(1) 10 rad/s2 mu 2 sin2 
(1) mu2sincos (2)
(2) 12 rad/s2 2
(3) 15 rad/s2 mu 2 cos2 
(3) (4) mu2tan
(4) Zero 2
5. A merry-go-round rotates from rest with constant

SECTION - B
angular acceleration ‘’. Ratio of time to rotate first
Objective Type Questions 2 revolutions and next 2 revolutions is
1. A frame is formed by the uniform rods having (1) 1 : 1
 
constant linear mass density. ACB part of frame is
semicircular of radius ‘R’ and AB is straight rod. (2) 2 1 :1
Centre of mass of the system from centre O of AB
is at a distance
(3) 2 :1
C (4) 1: 2
6. Angular speed  versus time t for a rod that
rotates around one end is shown. If moment of
inertia of rod about its one end is 24 kg-m2, then
torque on the rod at t = 2 s is
A B
O rad/s
R
10
R    1 R 
(1)    1 (2)
 5
   2 R 2R
(3) (4)    2 
 10 t (s)
2. Two blocks of masses 2 kg and 3 kg are connected (1) 22 N (2) 12 N
by massless spring and are placed on smooth (3) 24 N (4) 48 N
surface. If impulse is given to 2 kg block and block
7. A string wrapped on a pulley of moment of inertia
starts moving with velocity 10 m/s in (+ve) x-
‘I’. Other end of the string is connected to block of
direction, then velocity of 2 kg block w.r.t centre of
mass ‘m’ as shown. If ‘m’ is released from rest
mass is
then kinetic energy of block when it descends by
(1) 4 m/s (+ve) x-direction ‘h’, is
(2) 6 m/s (+ve) x-direction
(3) 4 m/s (–x) direction
(4) 6 m/s (–x) direction
3. Radius of gyration of a thin circular ring of mass ‘m’
m
and radius ‘R’ about a tangent in the plane of ring
is (1) mgh (2) Greater than mgh
1 mgh
R 3 (3) Less than mgh (4)
(1) (2) R 2
2 2
8. A solid sphere of radius ‘R’ and mass ‘m’ rolls
3 purely on rough horizontal surface. If it strikes the
(3) R (4) 3R
2 wall elastically then angular momentum of sphere
4. A rod of length ‘l’ and mass ‘m’ rotates about end just after strike is
‘A’ in vertical plane as shown. Magnitude of normal

reaction by the hinge at ‘A’ is
A l
m
vO
B
mg 2 3
(1) mV0 R (2) mV0 R
(1) mg (2)
2 5 5
7
mg mg (3) mV0 R (4) mV0R
(3) (4) 5
4 3
9. Two boys ‘A’ and ‘B’ of masses 60 kg and 40 kg are 16. A ring of mass ‘m’ and radius ‘R’ rolls down a
standing on a smooth ground at points ‘P’ and ‘Q’ of rough inclined plane of angle ‘’. Friction force on
co-ordinates (–10,0,0) and (10,0,0) m. If they move the ring is
towards each other by pulling a common string,
mg sin  mg sin 
then they will meet at (1) (2)
3 5
(1) (10,0,0) m (2) (0,0,0) m
mg sin 
(3) (–2,0,0) m (4) (2,0,0) m (3) (4) mg sin
2
10. Linear mass density of rod of length ‘l’ is directly 17. Two uniform rods of mass ‘m’ and length ‘l’ form a
proportional to x3, where ‘x’ is distance from one cross, moment of inertia of cross about an axis
end of rod. Centre of mass of rod lies at a distance parallel to CD passing through A is
4 5 C
(1) l (2) l
5 4
2 3 A B
(3) l (4) l
3 2
11. Two particles of masses ‘m’ and ‘2m’ are
connected by massless string of length 3 meter D
2
and whole system is rotating about their centre of ml 7 ml 2
mass with angular speed ‘’. The kinetic energy of (1) (2)
3 12
system is
ml 2 ml 2
1 (3) (4)
(1) m2 (2) m2 12 4
2
18. A particle of mass 2 kg is moving along ‘AB’
(3) 6 m2 (4) 3 m2 according to y = x – 4 with speed 4 m/s, then
1 angular momentum about ‘O’ is
12. Moment of inertia of a spinning object drops to y
3
of its initial value. The ratio of new rotational kinetic B
energy to initial rotational kinetic energy is
x
(1) 1 : 3 (2) 3 : 1 O
(3) 3 : 2 (4) 2 : 3 A
13. A uniform solid ball first rolls purely along a floor,
(1) 16 2 kg m/s (2) 32 2 kg m/s
then up a ramp inclined at 30°. It momentarily
stops when it has rolled 1.5 m along the ramp. Its (3) 32 kg m/s (4) 16 kg m/s
initial speed is approximately 19. A uniform sphere of mass M and radius R is
(1) 2 m/s (2) 3 m/s placed on a smooth horizontal ground. The angular
acceleration of sphere if force F is applied on it at
(3) 4 m/s (4) 5 m/s
R
14. A thin walled pipe purely rolls along the floor. Ratio of a distance 7 from ground level is
5
its rotational kinetic energy to total kinetic energy is
F F
(1) 1 : 1 (2) 1 : 2 (1) (2)
2MR MR
(3) 2 : 1 (4) 3 : 2 FR 2F
(3) (4)
15. A solid sphere of radius ‘R’ is gently placed on a M MR
rough horizontal ground with an initial angular 20. A boy is standing on a horizontal massless
speed 0 and no linear speed. Linear speed of rotating wheel with his hands stretched. Kinetic
sphere when it starts pure rolling is energy of boy is 120 J. If he now folded his hands
2 1 then M.I is reduced to 80%. Then a new K.E. of
(1) r 0 (2) r 0 boy,
7 7
(1) Increases by 30 J (2) Decreases by 30 J
5 1
(3) r 0 (4) r 0 (3) Increases by 20 J (4) Remains constant
7 3
21. The angular momentum of two bodies, rotating 27. A uniform ring is allowed to roll down an inclined
about some fixed axis are in ratio 1 : 4. Their plane making angle 30° from horizontal. If the ring
moment of inertia about these axis are in ratio rolls without slip, then its centre will move with
1 : 3. Ratio of their kinetic energies is acceleration.
(1) 1 : 16 (2) 1 : 9 g g
(1) (2)
(3) 3 : 16 (4) 16 : 3 2 3
22. Time varying Torque 8t N m is applied on an object g
about pivot. Angular momentum of body at (3) (4) g
4
time t = 2 s is
28. A constant torque acting on a uniform circular
(1) 4 kg m/s (2) 16 kg m/s wheel changes its angular momentum from L0 to
(3) 8 kg m/s (4) 32 kg m/s 4 L0 in 4 second. The magnitude of this torque is
23. A sphere can roll on 3
(1) L0 (2) L0
(1) A smooth horizontal plane 4
(2) A rough horizontal plane
(3) 4L0 (4) 12L0
(3) A rough inclined plane
29. A rod of weight w is supported by two parallel knife
(4) All of these edges A and B and is in equilibrium in a horizontal
24. Moment of inertia of a combination of ring and position. The knives are at a distance d from each
disc of same mass M and same radius R kept in other, the CM of the rod is at distance x from A.
contact about the tangent passing through point of The normal reaction on A is
contact and in plane of both ring and disc as
shown is d  x  w d
w
(1)
d
(2)
d  x 
Ring Disc  d  x  d  x
(3)  w (4)  w
d  x d  x
30. From a uniform circular disc of radius R, a circular
R R
5 11 disc of radius and having centre at distance
(1) MR 2 (2) MR 2 6 2
4 4 from centre of the disc is removed. Center of mass
of remaining portion of disc is at
15 9
(3) MR 2 (4) MR 2 R
4 4 (1) from disc centre
70
25. A projectile of mass m is thrown with speed u at
an angle ‘’ from the horizontal. The moment of the R
(2) from disc centre
gravitational force on the projectile about point of 35
projection, t time after the projection, is
R
(1) mgut (2) mgusint (3) from disc centre
30
(3) mgutcos (4) mgutant R
(4) from disc centre
26. A sphere is moving towards (+ve) x-axis with a 40
velocity vc and rotates anticlockwise with angular
31. A cylinder of mass m and radius R is rolling on
R plane horizontal surface. Work done by force of
speed ‘’ such that vc = . Speed of bottom
3 friction, if centre is displaced by x, is
point of sphere is
mgx
4R R (1) mgx (2)
(1) (2) 3
3 3
2R 2
(3) mgx (4) Zero
(3) R (4) 3
3
32. Two equal masses each of mass m are initially 36. Three identical rods, each of mass m and length
situated at 2R separation. If they start to move l, form an equilateral triangle. Moment of inertia
due to mutual gravitation force then their velocity, about one of the sides is
when the separation is R, is A
Gm Gm
(1) (2)
2R 4R
B C
Gm 2
(3) (4) Zero ml ml 2
R (1) (2)
4 2
33. Four particles, each of mass m, are arranged at
3ml 2 2 2
the corners of a massless square of side a. The (3) (4) ml
M.I. of system about an axis, which is 4 3
perpendicular to plane of square and passes 37. A sphere of radius 2m rolls on a floor the
through one corner is acceleration of the centre of mass of sphere is 4 m/s2.
Angular acceleration  about its centre of mass is
(1) ma2 (2) 4ma2
ma2
(3) (4) 2ma2
4 4 m/s2 2m
34. A cylinder is placed on a rough inclined surface of 
inclination ‘’. Minimum value of coefficient of static
friction between cylinder and surface so that
cylinder undergoes pure rolling is (1) 2 rad/s2 (2) 4 rad/s2
1 1 (3) 3 rad/s2 (4) 1 rad/s2
(1) tan  (2) sin 
3 3
38. A uniform thin rod of length l and mass m is hinged
2 2 at one end O and released from horizontal position
(3) tan  (4) sin 
3 3 as shown in figure. The angular velocity of the rod
35. Two identical uniform rod each of mass m and as it passes the vertical position is
length l joined perpendicular to each other. An axis O
passes through junction and in the plane of rods.
Then M.I. of system about the axis is l, m
m, l 2g 3g
(1) (2)
l l
g g
(3) 2 (4)
l l
90°
39. Four spheres each of mass M and radius r with
their centres at four corners of a square of side l,
then moment of inertia of system about an axis
along one of the sides of square is
m, l
4 2 2
1 2 (1) M  r  2l 
ml  5 
(1)
3
8 2 2
1 (2) M  r  2l 
(2) ml 2 5 
3 2
8
(3) ml 2 (3) Mr 2
5
ml 2 4 2
(4) 2
2 (4) M  r  4l 
 5 
40. Solid sphere is rolling on a frictionless surface, 44. Two loops P and Q are made from a uniform wire.
shown in figure with a translational velocity v m/s. The radii of P and Q are R1 and R2 respectively
If sphere climbs upto height h of a smooth inclined and their moment of inertia about axes normally
plane, then the value of v is I2
through centre are I1 and I2 respectively. If 4
I1
h R2
then find .
v R1
2 1
(1) 4 3 (2) 4 3
10
(1) gh (2) 2gh 2 1
7 – –
(3) 4 3 (4) 4 3
7 1
(3) 2gh (4) gh 45. If radius of earth suddenly contracts to of its
10 n th
present radius without any change in its mass, the
41. A cubical block of side a moving with velocity v on
duration of day will approximately become
a horizontal smooth the plane as shown in figure.
It hits a ridge at point O and starts rotating about 24
24
the edge in contact with O. The angular speed of (1) hour (2) hour
n n2
the block after it hits O is
a (3) 24 n hour (4) 24n2 hour
v 46. Two particles of masses 2 kg and 4 kg are thrown

from the top of a tower such that first is vertically
O
upward and second is at angle 45º above
horizontal. Acceleration of the centre of mass of
3v 3v two particle system is
(1) (2)
4a 2a
g
(1) g (2)
3v 6
(3) (4) Zero
2a 2g g
(3) (4)
42. An impulse J is applied on a ring of mass m along 3 3
a line passing through its centre O. The ring is 47. Two rods each of mass m and length L are placed
placed on a rough horizontal surface. The linear along X and Y axis as shown in figure.
velocity of centre of ring once it starts rolling Coordinates of the centre of mass of the
without slipping is combination is
Y
J O
J J m, L
(1) (2)
m 2m
X
J J
(3) (4) m, L
4m 3m
L L
(1)  , 
43. A force F  aiˆ  3 ˆj  6kˆ is acting at a point 2 2

r  2iˆ – 6 ˆj – 12kˆ . Find the value of a for which L L
angular momentum about origin is conserved. (2)  , 
4 2
(1) 0
L L
(2) 1 (3)  , 
2 4
(3) – 1
L L
(4) 2 (4)  , 
4 4
48. Torque () acting on a body in the interval 0 to T
SECTION - C
seconds is shown in figure. Angular impulse on the
body in this interval is Previous Years Questions

1. An object flying in air with velocity
(20iˆ + 25 ˆj – 12kˆ ) suddenly breaks into two pieces
0
whose masses are in the ratio 1 : 5. The smaller
mass flies off with a velocity (100iˆ + 35 ˆj + 8kˆ ) .
t The velocity of the larger piece will be
0 T [NEET-2019 (Odisha)]
(1) 0T
(2) 20T (1) –20iˆ – 15 ˆj – 80kˆ (2) 4iˆ + 23 ˆj – 16kˆ
0T (3) –100iˆ – 35 ˆj – 8kˆ (4) 20iˆ +15 ˆj – 80kˆ

(3)
2
2. A particle starting from rest, moves in a circle of
radius ‘r’. It attains a velocity of V0 m/s in the nth
0T
(4) round. Its angular acceleration will be
4
[NEET-2019 (Odisha)]
49. A body of mass m is moving in a plane along a
V02 V0
circle of radius r. Its angular momentum about the (1) rad / s2 (2) rad / s2
axis of rotation is L. The centripetal force acting on 4nr n
the particle is V02 V02
2 (3) rad / s2 (4) rad / s2
L 2nr 2
4nr 2
(1)
mr2
L
(2) 3. A solid cylinder of mass 2 kg and radius
mr 3
50 cm rolls up an inclined plane of angle of
L2 m inclination 30°. The centre of mass of the cylinder
(3)
r has speed of 4 m/s. The distance travelled by the
cylinder on the inclined surface will be, [take g =
L2 10 m/s2] [NEET-2019 (Odisha)]
(4)
mr 2 (1) 2.4 m (2) 2.2 m
50. A particle of mass 2 kg located at position iˆ  jˆ   (3) 1.6 m (4) 1.2 m

units has velocity 2 iˆ – jˆ  kˆ  units. Its angular 4. A disc of radius 2 m and mass 100 kg rolls on a
horizontal floor. Its centre of mass has speed of
momentum about origin is
20 cm/s. How much work is needed to stop it?
(1) Zero
[NEET-2019]
(2) 8kˆ
(1) 3 J (2) 30 kJ
(3) 12kˆ
(3) 2 J (4) 1 J

(4) 4 iˆ – ˆj – 2kˆ  5. A solid cylinder of mass 2 kg and radius 4 cm is
51. A thin rod AB of length l is kept vertical on a rotating about its axis at the rate of 3 rpm.
horizontal floor such that end A is in contact with The torque required to stop after 2 revolutions is
floor. If the rod is allowed to fall without slipping at [NEET-2019]
end A, then velocity of the end just before hitting
the ground is (1) 2 × 10–6 N m
(2) 2 × 10–3 N m
(1) 3gl (2) 2 gl
(3) 12 × 10–4 N m
(3) gl (4) 2gl (4) 2 × 106 N m
6. A solid sphere is rotating freely about its symmetry (c) A couple on a body produce both translational
axis in free space. The radius of the sphere is and rotational motion in a body.
increased keeping its mass same. Which of the (d) Mechanical advantage greater than one means
following physical quantities would remain constant that small effort can be used to lift a large
for the sphere? [NEET-2018] load. [NEET-2017]
(1) Angular velocity (1) (b) and (d)
(2) Moment of inertia (2) (a) and (b)

(3) (b) and (c)
(3) Angular momentum
(4) (c) and (d)
(4) Rotational kinetic energy
12. Two discs of same moment of inertia rotating about
7. A solid sphere is in rolling motion. In rolling motion their regular axis passing through centre and
a body possesses translational kinetic energy (Kt) perpendicular to the plane of disc with angular
as well as rotational kinetic energy (K r ) velocities 1 and 2. They are brought into contact
simultaneously. The ratio Kt : (Kt + Kr) for the face to face coinciding the axis of rotation. The
sphere is [NEET-2018] expression for loss of energy during this process is
[NEET-2017]
(1) 7 : 10 (2) 5 : 7
1 1
(3) 2 : 5 (4) 10 : 7 (1) I (1  2 )2 (2) I (1  2 )2
2 4
8. Three objects, A : (a solid sphere), B : (a thin
I
circular disk) and C : (a circular ring), each have (3) I(1 – 2)2 (4) (1  2 )2
8
the same mass M and radius R. They all spin with
the same angular speed  about their own 13. Two rotating bodies A and B of masses m and 2m
symmetry axes. The amounts of work (W) required with moments of inertia IA and IB (IB > IA) have
equal kinetic energy of rotation. If LA and LB be their
to bring them to rest, would satisfy the relation
angular momenta respectively, then
[NEET-2018] [NEET (Phase-2) 2016]
(1) WC > WB > WA (2) WA > WB > WC
LB
(1) LA  (2) LA = 2LB
(3) WA > WC > WB (4) WB > WA > WC 2
(3) LB > LA (4) LA > LB
9. The moment of the force, F  4iˆ  5 jˆ  6kˆ at
(2, 0, –3), about the point (2, –2, –2), is given by 14. A solid sphere of mass m and radius R is rotating
about its diameter. A solid cylinder of the same
[NEET-2018] mass and same radius is also rotating about its
geometrical axis with an angular speed twice that
(1) 8iˆ  4 jˆ  7kˆ (2) 4iˆ  ˆj  8kˆ of the sphere. The ratio of their kinetic energies of
rotation (Esphere / Ecylinder) will be
(3) 7iˆ  4 jˆ  8kˆ (4) 7iˆ  8 jˆ  4kˆ
[NEET (Phase-2) 2016]
10. A rope is wound around a hollow cylinder of mass
3 kg and radius 40 cm. What is the angular (1) 2 : 3 (2) 1 : 5
acceleration of the cylinder if the rope is pulled with (3) 1 : 4 (4) 3 : 1
a force of 30 N? [NEET-2017]
15. A light rod of length l has two masses m1 and m2
(1) 25 m/s2 (2) 0.25 rad/s2 attached to its two ends. The moment of inertia of
(3) 25 rad/s2 (4) 5 m/s2 the system about an axis perpendicular to the rod
and passing through the centre of mass is
11. Which of the following statements are correct?
[NEET (Phase-2) 2016]
(a) Centre of mass of a body always coincides
with the centre of gravity of the body. m1m2 2 m1  m2 2
(1) l (2) l
(b) Centre of mass of a body is the point at which m1  m2 m1m2
the total gravitational torque on the body is
zero (3) (m1 + m2)l2 (4) m1m2 l 2
16. From a disc of radius R and mass M, a circular
20. A force F  iˆ  3 jˆ  6kˆ is acting at a point
hole of diameter R, whose rim passes through the

centre is cut. What is the moment of inertia of the r  2iˆ  6 jˆ  12kˆ. The value of  for which angular
remaining part of the disc about a perpendicular momentum about origin is conserved is
axis, passing through the centre? [NEET-2016]
[Re-AIPMT-2015]
9MR 2 15MR 2
(1) (2) (1) 1
32 32
(2) –1
13MR 2 11MR 2
(3) (4)
32 32 (3) 2
17. A disk and a sphere of same radius but different (4) Zero
masses roll off on two inclined planes of the same
21. A rod of weight W is supported by two parallel knife
altitude and length. Which one of the two objects
gets to the bottom of the plane first? [NEET-2016] edges A and B and is in equilibrium in a horizontal
position. The knives are at a distance d from each
(1) Depends on their masses other. The centre of mass of the rod is at distance
(2) Disk x from A. The normal reaction on A is
(3) Sphere [AIPMT-2015]
(4) Both reach at the same time W d – x 

(1)
d
18. An automobile moves on a road with a speed of
54 km h–1. The radius of its wheels is 0.45 m and Wx
(2)
the moment of inertia of the wheel about its axis d
of rotation is 3 kg m2. If the vehicle is brought to Wd
rest in 15 s, the magnitude of average torque (3)
x
transmitted by its brakes to the wheel is
W d – x 
[Re-AIPMT-2015] (4)
x
(1) 2.86 kg m2s–2 (2) 6.66 kg m2s–2 22. A mass m moves in a circle on a smooth
(3) 8.58 kg m2s–2 (4) 10.86 kg m2s–2 horizontal plane with velocity v0 at a radius R0. The
mass is attached to a string which passes through
19. Point masses m 1 and m 2 are placed at the a smooth hole in the plane as shown.
opposite ends of a rigid rod of length L, and
negligible mass. The rod is to be set rotating about v0
an axis perpendicular to it. The position of point P m
on this rod through which the axis should pass so R0
that the work required to set the rod rotating with
angular velocity 0 is minimum, is given by
[Re-AIPMT-2015] The tension in the string is increased gradually and
R0
0 finally m moves in a circle of radius . The final
2
value of the kinetic energy is [AIPMT-2015]
m1 P m2
x (L – x) 1
(1) mv 02
2
(2) mv 02
m2L m1L
(1) x  (2) x 
m1  m2 m1  m2 1
(3) mv 02
4
m1 m2
(3) x  L (4) x  L
m2 m1 (4) 2mv 02
23. Three identical spherical shells, each of mass m 28. A rod PQ of mass M and length L is hinged at end P.
and radius r are placed as shown in figure. The rod is kept horizontal by a massless string tied
Consider an axis XX' which is touching to two to point Q as shown in figure. When string is cut,
shells and passing through diameter to third shell. the initial angular acceleration of the rod is:
Moment of inertia of the system consisting of

these three spherical shells about XX' axis is
X
P Q
L
[NEET-2013]
g 2g
(1) (2)
X [AIPMT-2015] L L
2g 3g
11 (3) (4)
(1) 4mr2 (2) mr 2 3L 2L
5
29. ABC is an equilateral triangle with O as its centre
16
(3) 3mr2 (4) mr 2 F1 , F2 and F3 . represent three forces acting along
5
the sides AB, BC and AC respectively. If the total

24. Two spherical bodies of mass M and 5M and radii torque about O is zero then the magnitude of F3 is
R and 2R are released in free space with initial
A
separation between their centres equal to 12 R. If
they attract each other due to gravitational force
only, then the distance covered by the smaller body F3
before collision is [AIPMT-2015] O
(1) 1.5R (2) 2.5R
B
(3) 4.5R (4) 7.5R C F
2
25. A solid cylinder of mass 50 kg and radius 0.5 m is F1

free to rotate about the horizontal axis. A massless [AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]
string is wound round the cylinder with one end F1  F2
attached to it and other hanging freely. Tension in (1) (2) 2(F1 + F2)
2
the string required to produce an angular acceleration
(3) F1 + F2 (4) F1 – F2
of 2 rev/s2 is [AIPMT-2014]
30. When a mass is rotating in a plane about a fixed
(1) 25 N (2) 50 N
point, its angular momentum is directed along
(3) 78.5 N (4) 157 N [AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]
26. The ratio of the accelerations for a solid sphere (mass (1) The radius
m and radius R) rolling down an incline of angle 
without slipping and slipping down the incline without (2) The tangent to the orbit
rolling is [AIPMT-2014] (3) A line perpendicular to the plane of rotation
(1) 5 : 7 (2) 2 : 3 (4) The line making an angle of 45º to the plane of
rotation
(3) 2 : 5 (4) 7 : 5
31. Two persons of masses 55 kg and 65 kg
27. A small object of uniform density rolls up a curved respectively, are at the opposite ends of a boat. The
surface with an initial velocity v. It reaches upto a length of the boat is 3.0 m and weighs 100 kg. The
3v 2 55 kg man walks up to the 65 kg man and sits with
maximum height of with respect to the initial
4g him. If the boat is in still water the center of mass
position. The object is: [NEET-2013] of the system shifts by [AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]
(1) Solid sphere (2) Hollow sphere (1) Zero (2) 0.75 m
(3) Disc (4) Ring (3) 3.0 m (4) 2.3 m
32. A circular platform is mounted on a frictionless 37. The instantaneous angular position of a point on a
vertical axle. Its radius R = 2 m and its moment of rotating wheel is given by the equation,
inertia about the axle is 200 kg m2. It is initially at (t) = 2t3 – 6t2. The torque on the wheel becomes
rest. A 50 kg man stands on the edge of the zero at [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
platform and begins to walk along the edge at the
speed of 1 ms–1 relative to the ground. Time taken (1) t=2s (2) t=1s
by the man to complete one revolution is (3) t = 0.5 s (4) t = 0.25 s
[AIPMT (Mains)-2012] 38. A small mass attached to a string rotates on a
3 frictionless table top as shown. If the tension in the
(1)  s (2) s
2 string is increased by pulling the string causing the
 radius of the circular motion to decrease by a factor
(3) 2 s (4) s of 2, the kinetic energy of the mass will
2
33. The moment of inertia of uniform circular disc is
maximum about an axis perpendicular to the disc
and passing through [AIPMT (Mains)-2012] r
C
D
B
A
[AIPMT (Mains)-2011]
(1) B (2) C (1) Increase by a factor of 4
(3) D (4) A (2) Decrease by a factor of 2

34. Three masses are placed on the x-axis: 300 g at (3) Remain constant
origin, 500 g at x = 40 cm and 400 g at x = 70 cm.
The distance of the centre of mass from the origin (4) Increase by a factor of 2
is [AIPMT (Mains)-2012] 39. A circular disk of moment of inertia It is rotating in a
(1) 40 cm (2) 45 cm horizontal plane, about its symmetry axis, with a
(3) 50 cm (4) 30 cm constant angular speed i. Another disk of moment
of inertia Ib is dropped coaxially onto the rotating disk.
35. A mass m moving horizontally (along the x-axis)
Initially the second disk has zero angular speed.
with velocity v collides and sticks to a mass of 3m
Eventually both the disks rotate with a constant
moving vertically upward (along the y-axis) with
velocity 2v. The final velocity of the combination is angular speed f. The energy lost by the initially
rotating disc to friction is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2010]
2 ˆ 1 ˆ 3 ˆ 1 ˆ 1 Ib2 2 1 It2 2
vi  vj vi  vj (1) 2 I  I i (2) 2 I  I i
(1)
3 3
(2)
2 4  t b  t b
1 ˆ 3 ˆ 1 ˆ 2 ˆ I b  It 2 1 I b  It 2
(3) vi  vj (4) vi  vj  (4) 2  I  I  i
4 2 3 3 (3)  It  I b  i t b
36. The moment of inertia of a thin uniform rod of mass
40. Two particles which are initially at rest, move towards
M and length L about an axis passing through its each other under the action of their internal
midpoint and perpendicular to its length is I0. Its attraction. If their speeds are v and 2v at any
moment of inertia about an axis passing through one instant, then the speed of centre of mass of the
of its ends and perpendicular to its length is system will be [AIPMT (Prelims)-2010]
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2011] (1) 2v
2
ML (2) Zero
(1) I0 + ML2 (2) I0 
2
(3) 1.5v
ML2
(3) I0  (4) I0 + 2ML2 (4) v
4
41. A ball moving with velocity 2 m/s collides head on (c) To evaluate the gravitational field intensity due
with another stationary ball of double the mass. If to any body at an external point, the entire
the coefficient of restitution is 0.5 then their velocities mass of the body can be considered to be
(in m/s) after collision will be concentrated at its C.G.
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2010] (d) The radius of gyration of any body rotating about
(1) 0, 2 an axis is the length of the perpendicular
(2) 0, 1 dropped from the C.G. of the body to the axis
(3) 1, 1 Which one of the following pairs of statements is

correct ? [AIPMT (Mains)-2010]
(4) 1, 0.5
42. A man of 50 kg mass is standing in a gravity free (1) (d) and (a) (2) (a) and (b)
space at a height of 10 m above the floor. He throws (3) (b) and (c) (4) (c) and (d)
a stone of 0.5 kg mass downwards with a speed 2
46. A thin circular ring of mass M and radius r is rotating
m/s. When the stone reaches the floor, the distance
of the man above the floor will be about its axis with constant angular velocity . Two
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2010] objects each of mass m are attached gently to the
opposite ends of a diameter of the ring. The ring now
(1) 20 m (2) 9.9 m
rotates with angular velocity given by
(3) 10.1 m (4) 10 m
43. From a circular disc of radius R and mass 9M, a
R
 M  2m   2M 
(1) (2)
small disc of mass M and radius
3
is removed 2m M  2m
concentrically. The moment of inertia of the  M  2m   M

(3) (4)
remaining disc about an axis perpendicular to the M M  2m
plane of the disc and passing through its centre is
47. A thin circular ring of mass M and radius R is rotating
in a horizontal plane about an axis vertical to its
40 plane with a constant angular velocity . If two
(1) MR2 (2) MR2
9 objects each of mass m be attached gently to the
opposite ends of a diameter of the ring, the ring will
4 then rotate with an angular velocity:
(3) 4MR2 (4) MR2
9
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]
44. A solid cylinder and a hollow cylinder, both of the
same mass and same external diameter are M   M  2m 
released from the same height at the same time on (1) M  2m (2)
M
a inclined plane. Both roll down without slipping.
Which one will reach the bottom first? M   M  2m 
[AIPMT (Mains)-2010] (3) M  m (4)
M  2m
(1) Both together only when angle of inclination of
48. An explosion blows a rock into three parts. Two
plane is 45°
parts go off at right angles to each other. These two
(2) Both together are, 1 kg first part moving with a velocity of
(3) Hollow cylinder 12 ms–1 and 2 kg second part moving with a velocity
of 8 ms–1. If the third part files off with a velocity of
(4) Solid cylinder
4 ms–1, its mass would be [AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]
45. (a) Centre of gravity (C.G.) of a body is the point (1) 7 kg
at which the weight of the body acts
(2) 17 kg
(b) Centre of mass coincides with the centre of
(3) 3 kg
gravity if the earth is assumed to have infinitely
large radius (4) 5 kg
54. A wheel has angular acceleration of 3 rad/sec2 and
49. If F is the force acting on a particle having position
an initial angular speed of 2 rad/sec. In a time of
vector r and  be the torque of this force about
2 sec it has rotated through an angle (in radian) of
the origin, then: [AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]

(1) r   > 0 and F   < 0 (1) 4 (2) 6
(3) 10 (4) 12
(2) r   = 0 and F   = 0
55. A particle of mass m moves in the XY plane with a
(3) r   = 0 and F    0 velocity V along the straight line AB. If the angular
momentum of the particle with respect to origin O
(4) r    0 and F   = 0
is LA when it is at A and LB when it is at B, then
50. Four identical thin rods each of mass M and length Y B
, form a square frame. Moment of inertia of this A
frame about an axis through the centre of the square
and perpendicular to its plane is:
O X
2 13 2
(1) M2 (2) M [AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]
3 3
(1) LA < LB
1 2 4 2 (2) LA > LB
(3) M (4) M
3 3 (3) LA = LB
51. Two bodies of mass 1 kg and 3 kg have position (4) The relationship between LA and LB depends
vectors iˆ  2 jˆ  kˆ and 3iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ , respectively. upon the slope of the line AB
The centre of mass of this system has a position 56. A uniform rod AB of length l, and mass m is free to
vector [AIPMT (Prelims)-2009] rotate about point A. The rod is released from rest
in the horizontal position. Given that the moment
(1) 2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ (2) 2iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ ml 2
of inertia of the rod about A is , the initial
3
(3) iˆ  ˆj  kˆ (4) 2iˆ  2kˆ angular acceleration of the rod will be
52. The ratio of the radii of gyration of a circular disc to

that of a circular ring, each of same mass and
l
radius, around their respective axes is B
A
(1) 2 : 3 (2) 3 : 2 [AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]

(3) 1 : 2 (4) 2 :1 3g 2g
(1) (2)
2l 3l
53. A thin rod of length L and mass M is bent at its
1 3
midpoint into two halves so that the angle between (3) mg (4) gl
2 2
them is 90°. The moment of inertia of the bent rod
57. The moment of inertia of a uniform circular disc of
about an axis passing through the bending point and
radius R and mass M about an axis touching the
perpendicular to the plane defined by the two halves disc at its diameter and normal to the disc is :
of the rod is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]
2 2
2ML ML 2
(1) (2) (1) MR2 (2) MR2
24 24 5
ML2 ML2 3 1
(3) (4) (3) MR2 (4) MR2
12 6 2 2
58. A uniform rod of length l and mass m is free to rotate Questions asked Prior to Medical Ent. Exams. 2005
in a vertical plane about A. The rod initially in
63. The centre of mass of a solid cone along the line
horizontal position is released. The initial angular
from the center of the base to the vertex is at
acceleration of the rod is (Moment of inertia of rod
ml 2 (1) One-fourth of the height
about A is ) [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]
3 (2) One-third of the height
A l B (3) One-fifth of the height

(4) None of these
64. The centre of mass of a system of particles does
3g 2l not depend on
(1) (2)
2l 3g (1) Position of the particles
3g l (2) Relative distances between the particles

(3) 2 (4) mg
2l 2 (3) Masses of the particles
59. A drum of radius R and mass M, rolls down without (4) Forces acting on the particles
slipping along an inclined plane of angle . The 65. Consider a system of two particles having masses
frictional force [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005] m1 and m2. If the particle of mass m1 is pushed
(1) Converts translational energy to rotational towards m 2 through a distance d, by what
energy distance should be particle of mass m2 be moved
so as to keep the centre of mass of the system
(2) Dissipates energy as heat
of particles at the original position?
(3) Decreases the rotational motion
m1 m1
(4) Decreases the rotational and translational (1) m  m d (2) m d
1 2 2
motion
60. Two bodies have their moments of inertia I and 2I m2
(3) d (4) d
respectively about their axis of rotation. If their m1
kinetic energies of rotation are equal, their angular 66. Three identical metal balls, each of the radius r
momenta will be in the ratio are placed touching each other on a horizontal
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2005] surface such that an equilateral triangle is formed
when centres of three balls are joined. The centre
(1) 1 : 2 (2) 2 :1 of the mass of the system is located at
(3) 2 : 1 (4) 1 : 2 (1) Line joining centres of any two balls
61. The moment of inertia of a uniform circular disc of (2) Centre of one of the balls
radius R and mass M about an axis passing from
the edge of the disc and normal to the disc is (3) Horizontal surface
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2005] (4) Point of intersection of the medians
1 67. A rod of length 3 m has its mass per unit length

(1) MR2 (2) MR2 directly proportional to distance x from one of its
2
ends then its centre of gravity from that end will be at
7 3 (1) 1.5 m (2) 2 m
(3) MR2 (4) MR2
2 2
(3) 2.5 m (4) 3.0 m
62. A solid cylinder of mass 3 kg is rolling on a horizontal
surface with velocity 4 ms–1. It collides with a 68. The ratio of radii of gyration of a circular ring and
horizontal spring of force constant 200 Nm–1 . a circular disc, of the same mass and radius,
The maximum compression produced in the spring about an axis passing through their centres and
will be [AIPMT (Prelims)-2012] perpendicular to their planes are
(1) 0.7 m (2) 0.2 m (1) 2 :1 (2) 1: 2
(3) 0.5 m (4) 0.6 m (3) 3 : 2 (4) 2 : 1

69. The ABC is a triangular plate of uniform 73. The reduced mass of two particles having masses
thickness. The sides are in the ratio shown in the m and 2m is
figure. IAB, IBC and ICA are the moments of inertia (1) 2m (2) 3m
of the plate about AB, BC and CA respectively.
Which one of the following relations is correct? 2m m
(3) (4)
3 2
C
74. What is the torque of the force F  2iˆ  3 jˆ  4kˆ N
5
3 acting at the point r  3iˆ  2 jˆ  3kˆ m about origin?
A B (1)  6iˆ  6 jˆ  12kˆ (2)  17iˆ  6 jˆ  13kˆ

4
(1) IAB + IBC = ICA (2) ICA is maximum (3) 6iˆ  6 jˆ  12kˆ (4) 17iˆ  6 jˆ  13kˆ
75. A couple produces
(3) IAB > IBC (4) IBC > IAB
(1) Linear and rotational motion
70. Three particles, each of mass m gram, are
(2) No motion
situated at the vertices of an equilateral triangle
ABC of side l cm (as shown in the figure). The (3) Purely linear motion
moment of inertia of the system about a line AX (4) Purely rotational motion
perpendicular to AB and in the plane of ABC, in
76. The angular speed of a fly-wheel making
gcm2 units will be
120 revolutions/minute is
X mC (1) 4 rad/s (2) 42 rad/s
l l (3)  rad/s (4) 2 rad/s
77. Two discs are rotating about their axes, normal to the
B discs and passing through the centres of the discs.
Am m
l Disc D1 has 2 kg mass and 0.2 m radius and initial
angular velocity of 50 rad s–1. Disc D2 has 4kg mass,
3 2 0.1 m radius and initial angular velocity of 200 rad s–1.
(1) ml (2) 2ml2
4 The two discs are brought in contact face to face, with
their axes of rotation coincident. The final angular
5 2 3 2
(3) ml (4) ml velocity (in rad.s–1) of the system is
4 4
(1) 40 (2) 60
71. A circular disc is to be made by using iron and
aluminium so that it acquires maximum moment of (3) 100 (4) 120
inertia about geometrical axis. It is possible with 78. A wheel having moment of inertia 2 kgm2 about
(1) Aluminium at interior and iron surround to it its vertical axis, rotates at the rate of 60 rpm
about this axis. The torque which can stop the
(2) Iron at interior and aluminium surround to it wheel’s rotation in one minute would be
(3) Using iron and aluminium layers in alternate
2 
order (1) Nm (2) Nm
15 12
(4) Sheet of iron is used at both external surface
 
and aluminium sheet as internal layers (3) Nm (4) Nm
15 18
72. The ratio of the radii of gyration of a circular disc
about a tangential axis in the plane of the disc 79. What is the value of linear velocity, if

and of a circular ring of the same radius about a   3iˆ  4 jˆ  kˆ and r  5iˆ  6 ˆj  6kˆ ?
tangential axis in the plane of the ring is
(1) 2 : 3 (1) 4iˆ  13 ˆj  6kˆ
(2) 2 : 1 (2)  18iˆ  13 ˆj  2kˆ
(3) 5: 6 (3) 6iˆ  2 jˆ  3kˆ
(4) 1 : 2 (4) 6iˆ  2 jˆ  8kˆ

86. A hollow cylinder and a solid cylinder are rolling

80. If | A  B | 3 A .B then the value of | A  B | is
without slipping down an inclined plane, then
which of these reaches earlier?
(1) ( A 2  B 2  AB )1/ 2
(1) Solid cylinder
1/ 2 (2) Hollow cylinder
 AB 
(2)  A 2  B 2  
 (3) Both simultaneously
 3
(4) Can’t say anything
(3) A + B
87. A disc is rolling such that the velocity of its centre
2
(4) ( A  B 2
3  AB )1/ 2 of mass is vcm. Which one will be correct?
(1) The velocity of highest point is 2 vcm and point
81. If the angle between the vectors A and B is , of contact is zero
the value of the product (B  A ) · A is equal to (2) The velocity of highest point is vcm and point
of contact is vcm
(1) BA2sin (2) BA2cos
(3) The velocity of highest point is 2vcm and point
(3) BA2sin cos (4) Zero of contact is vcm
82. A round disc of moment of inertia I1 about its axis (4) The velocity of highest point is 2vcm and point
perpendicular to its plane and passing through its of contact is 2vcm
centre is placed over another disc of moment of
88. A solid sphere of radius R is placed on a smooth
inertia /2 rotating with an angular velocity  about
horizontal surface. A horizontal force F is applied at
the same axis. The final angular velocity of the
height h from the lowest point. For the maximum
combination of discs is
acceleration of centre of mass, which is correct?
I2 (1) h = R
(1) I  I (2) 
1 2
(2) h = 2R
I1 (I1  I 2 ) (3) h = 0
(3) I  I (4) I1
1 2
(4) Centre of mass has same acceleration in
83. A disc is rotating with angular speed . If a child each case
sits on it, what is conserved?
89. A point P is the contact point of a wheel on
(1) Linear momentum (2) Angular momentum ground which rolls on ground without slipping.
(3) Kinetic energy (4) Potential energy The value of displacement of the point P when
wheel completes half of rotation (If radius of
84. A solid cylinder is rolling without slipping on a wheel is 1 m)
plane having inclination  and the coefficient of
static friction s. The relation between  and s is (1) 2 m (2) 2  4 m
(1) tan  > 3 s (2) tan   3 s
(3)  m (4) 2  2 m
(3) tan  < 3 s2 (4) None of these
90. A solid cylinder of mass M and radius R rolls
85. A solid spherical ball rolls on a table. Ratio of its without slipping down an inclined plane of length
rotational kinetic energy to total kinetic energy is L and height h. What is the speed of its centre of
1 mass when the cylinder reaches its bottom?
(1)
2 (1) 2gh
1
(2)
6 3
(2) gh
4
7
(3) 4
10 (3) gh
3
2
(4)
7 (4) 4gh
91. A drum of radius R and mass M, rolls down r
without slipping along an inclined plane of angle . (1)
2
distance from O
The frictional force
r
(1) Dissipates energy as heat (2) distance from O
3
(2) Decreases the rotational motion
r
(3) Decreases the rotational and translational (3) distance from O
4
motion
(4) At O
(4) Converts translational energy to rotational
energy 2. If large number of particles are distributed on XY
92. A ball rolls without slipping. The radius of gyration plane and their centre of mass is at origin of
of the ball about an axis passing through its co-ordinates, then
centre of mass is K. If radius of the ball be R, (1) Sum of moments of masses of all the particles
then the fraction of total energy associated with its w.r.t. the origin is zero
rotational energy will be
(2) Sum of moments of masses of all particles
K 2  R2 K2 about x-axis is zero
(1) (2)
R2 R2 (3) Sum of moments of masses of all particles
2 2
K R about y-axis is zero
(3) (4)
K 2  R2 K 2  R2 (4) All of these
93. The moment of inertia of a disc of mass M and 3. A block of mass m is placed on the top of a bigger
radius R about an axis, which is tangential to the
block of mass M as shown in figure. All the
circumference of the disc and parallel to its
surfaces are frictionless. The system is released
diameter is
from rest. The shift of the centre of mass of
5 MR 2 system when m reaches the bottom is
(1)
4
2 MR 2
(2)
3 m
3 MR 2
(3)
2 M
1
(4) MR 2
2
(1) Right of the initial position parallel to base
SECTION - D (2) Left of the initial position parallel to base
NEET Booster Questions (3) Vertically shifted downward without shift in
1. A uniform solid hemisphere of radius r is joined to horizontal direction
a uniform solid right circular cone of base radius r (4) Shifted diagonally from initial position
and height 3r . If both have same density, then 4. Father (80 kg) and son (30 kg) are sitting at one
find the position of centre of mass from centre of of the ends of a 4 m long boat (40 kg) standing
hemisphere. still on water. They start to shift slowly. Father
stopped at centre of boat but son stopped at other
end. Neglecting friction with water, how far does the
r boat move on the water during the process?
O
(1) 1.87 m
3r
(2) 1.5 m
(3) 1.25 m
(4) 1.2 m
5. A rod is hinged at point P, vertically standing 19MR 2 29MR 2

upward. Due to slight jerk rod starts to come (1) (2)
2 2
down. The angular velocity of rod just after turning
through angle  is (hinge is smooth) 15MR 2
(3) (4) 17MR 2
2
10. Two cylinders P and Q of same mass and same
 radius start rolling down a fixed inclined plane from
L the same height at the same time. Cylinder P has
most of its mass concentrated near its surface,
while Q has most of its mass concentrated near
the axis. Choose the correct statement regarding
P X
the motion of P and Q
(1) Both P and Q reach the ground at the same
6g cos  3g 1  cos   time
(1) (2)
L L
(2) Both P and Q reach the ground with same
translational kinetic energy
6g  6g 
(3) sin (4) cos (3) P reaches the ground with larger angular speed
L 2 L 2
(4) Q reaches the ground with larger angular
6. The angular position of a particle revolving about an
speed
axis is given by (t) = t2 – 3t + 4 radian. Find the
acceleration of the point at time t = 2 s. Given 11. If v1, v2 and v3 are the velocities of points A, B and
radius of circular path is 1 m. C respectively lying on body doing pure rolling
motion, then correct order of velocities will be
(1) 2 m/s2 (2) 1 m/s2
A
(3) 5 m/s2 (4) 5 m/s2
7. Three particles A, B and C are moving as shown B
in figure. Calculate the angular momentum of the v

third particle C so that the angular momentum of R
system about point O becomes zero. C
y (1) v3 > v2 > v1
A 2 kg 10 m/s (2) v3 > v2 = v1
12 m/s (3) v3 = v2 > v1
2m C B
x (4) v1 > v2 > v3
O 2 kg
5m 12. A solid sphere is released from rest from the top
(1) 80kˆ kg m s –1 (2) –80kˆ kg m s –1 of a curved surface as shown in figure. Half portion
of surface is rough and another half is smooth. If
sphere is released from rough side, then the
(3) 40kˆ kg m s –1 (4) –40kˆ kg m s –1
maximum height attained by it on smooth side is
8. A metre stick is balanced on a knife edge at its (Rough surface has sufficient friction to roll the
centre. When two coins, each of mass 5 g are put body)
one on top of the other at the 12 cm mark, the
stick is found to be balanced at 45 cm. The mass R th
h ou oo
gh Sm
of metre stick is
(1) 70 g (2) 66 g
(3) 33 g (4) 13 g
9. Four particles each of mass M are lying 2h 5h
symmetrically on the rim of a disc of mass 6M (1) (2)
7 7
and radius R. Moment of inertia of this system
about an axis passing through one of the particles 3h
(3) (4) h
and perpendicular to plane of disc is 7
13. A particle is moving on a straight line x + y = 2. 17. A thin circular ring of mass M and radius r is
Its angular momentum about origin is L = 3t + 2 rotating about its axis with an angular speed . Two
(kg m2s–1). Find the force acting on the particle at particles having mass m each are now attached at
t = 2 s. (x and y are in metre) diametrically opposite points. The angular speed of
the ring will become
3
(1) N (2) 3 N
2 M M
(1) (2)
mM M  2m
(3) 3 2 N (4) 2N
M   M  2m 
14. A ring of mass m and radius R is acted upon by (3) (4)
a force F as shown in figure. There is sufficient m  2M M
friction between the ring and the ground. The force 18. The angular momentum of two bodies, rotating
of friction necessary for pure rolling is about some fixed axis are in the ratio 1 : 2. Their
moment of inertia about these axes are in the ratio
F 1 : 2. Ratio of their rotational kinetic energies is
R
(1) 1 : 2
(2) 1 : 4
(3) 2 : 1
(4) 4 : 1
F F 19. Moment of inertia of combination of two discs of
(1) (2)
2 3 same mass M and same radius R kept in contact
about the tangent passing through point of contact
F
(3) (4) Zero and in the plane of discs, as shown is
4
15. The moment of inertia of a flat annular ring having
mass M, inner radius a and outer radius b about
the diametric axis through the centre is
(1)
M
4
b  a (2)
M 2
4

b  a2  R R
(3)
M 2
4

b  a2  (4)
M 2
2

b  a2 
MR 2 5
(1) (2) MR 2
16. A force F is applied at the topmost point of block 4 4
of mass M. The force required to topple the block
before sliding is ( = coefficient of friction) MR 2 5
(3) (4) MR 2
2 2
F
20. A uniform rod is rotated with some angular velocity
in horizontal plane about a vertical axis passing
a through one end A. Then select incorrect option.
b
A B
Mgb
F
(1) 2a
(2) F < Mg (1) Tension at A is maximum
Mga (2) Tension at B is zero
(3) F 
2b (3) Tension at all points is same
(4) Both (1) & (2) (4) All points on the rod have same angular speed
21. A meter stick is held vertically with end on the floor 26. A circular ring of radius R and mass m is moving
and is allowed to fall. The angular speed of the with velocity of centre of mass v0 and angular
other end when it hits the floor is (Assume no speed  as given in the figure. The angular
slipping at the bottom) momentum of ring about origin O is
(1) 2g
3g 
(2)
2
v0
2g O
(3)
3
(1) mR2 (2) mv0R
(4) 3g
(3) mR2 + mv0R (4) mR2– mv0R
22. A uniform cylinder is allowed to roll down an
inclined plane making angle 30º from vertical. If it 27. A uniform solid cylinder is rolling on a horizontal
rolls without slip, then its centre will move with surface without slipping. If total kinetic energy is E,
acceleration then its rotational and translational kinetic energy
are respectively
g
(1) 3E E 2E
2 (1) ,E (2) ,
2 3 3
(2) 3g
2E E
(3) ,E (4) ,E
3 2
g
(3)
3 28. A disc of mass m and radius R rolls without
slipping on a horizontal plane with angular velocity
g . Its kinetic energy is
(4)
3
mR 2 2 mR 2 2
23. Two rods of same material and same cross-section (1) (2)
3 2
have the ratio of their lengths as 2 : 3. The ratio
of their moment of inertia is 3 mR 2 2
(3) mR 2 2 (4)
(1) 2 : 3 4 4
(2) 3 : 2 29. A particle of mass 1 kg located at the position
(3) 4 : 9 3iˆ m has a velocity (iˆ  jˆ  kˆ ) m/s. Its angular
(4) 8 : 27 momentum about origin in kg m2s–1 is
24. Time varying torque 4t Nm is applied on an object (1) Zero (2) 3
about pivot. Change in angular momentum of body
at time t = 3 s is (3) 3 2 (4) –3
(1) 8 kg m/s (2) 4 kg m/s
30. The linear mass density() of a rod of length L kept
(3) 18 kg m/s (4) 12 kg m/s along x-axis varies as  =  + x; where  and 
25. A solid cylinder is rolling up without sliding on a are positive constants. The centre of mass of the
rough inclined plane. The frictional force acting on rod is at
it is
(2  3L )L (3  2L )L
(1) Upward along the plane (1) (2)
2(2  L ) 3(2  L )
(2) Downward along the plane
(3) Zero (3  2L )L (3  2L )L
(3) (4)
3(2  L ) 3  2
(4) All may be correct
31. A man of mass 60 kg is standing on a boat of 36. The moment of inertia of a uniform semicircular wire
mass 140 kg, which is at rest in still water. The of mass m and radius r, about an axis passing through
man is initially at 20 m from the shore. He starts its centre of mass and perpendicular to its plane is
walking on the boat for 4 s with constant speed
1.5 m/s towards the shore. The final distance of mr 2
(1) (2) mr 2
the man from the shore is 2
(1) 15.8 m (2) 4.2 m  4   4 
(3) mr 2 1  2  (4) mr 2 1  2 
(3) 12.6 m (4) 14.1 m      
32. A bomb of mass m is projected from the ground 37. Moment of inertia of a uniform circular disc about its
with speed v at angle  with the horizontal. At the diameter is I. Its moment of inertia about an axis
maximum height from the ground it explodes into parallel to its plane and passing through a point on
two fragments of equal mass. If one fragment its rim will be
comes to rest immediately after explosion, then
(1) 3I (2) 4I
the horizontal range of centre of mass is
(3) 5I (4) 6I
v 2 sin2  v 2 sin  38. Two discs of same mass and same thickness have
(1) (2)
g g densities as 17 g/cm3 and 51 g/cm3. The ratio of
their moment of inertia about their central axes is
v 2 sin  v 2 sin 2
(3) (4) 1 2
2g g (1) (2)
3 3
33. Two blocks of masses 5 kg and 2 kg are connected
by a spring of negligible mass and placed on a 3 3
(3) (4)
frictionless horizontal surface. An impulse gives a 1 2
velocity of 7 m/s to the heavier block in the direction 39. A thin wire of length l and mass m is bent in the form
of the lighter block. The velocity of the centre of of a semicircle. The moment of inertia about an axis
mass is perpendicular to its plane and passing through the
(1) 30 m/s (2) 20 m/s end of the wire is
(3) 10 m/s (4) 5 m/s ml 2
(1) (2) 2ml2
34. A particle starts from the point (0, 8) metre and 2

moves with uniform velocity of v  3iˆ m/s . What is ml 2 2ml 2
(3) 2 (4)
the angular momentum of the particle after 5 s  2
about origin (mass of particle is 1 kg)?
40. Four rings each of mass M and radius R are arranged
as shown in the figure. The moment of inertia of the
(1) –12kˆ kg m /s (2) –24 kˆ kg m 2 /s
2
system about the axis yy' is
(3) –32kˆ kg m2 /s (4) –36kˆ kg m2 /s y
35. A ball of mass 1 kg is projected with a velocity of

20 2 m/s from the origin of an xy co-ordinate axis
system at an angle 45° with x-axis (horizontal).
The angular momentum [in SI units] of the ball
about the point of projection after 2 s of projection
is [take g = 10 m/s2] (y-axis is taken as vertical)
(1) – 400 k̂
y'
(2) 200 iˆ (1) 2MR 2
(3) 300 ĵ (2) 3MR 2

(3) 4MR 2
(4) – 350 ĵ
(4) 5MR 2
41. Three particles each of mass m are placed at the 32

corners of equilateral triangle of side l. (1) MR 2
9
1 (2) 10MR2
40
(3) MR 2
9
(4) 4MR2
2 44. Two rods of equal lengths(l) and equal mass M are

l
kept along x and y axis respectively such that their
Which of the following is/are correct? centre of mass lie at origin. The moment of inertia
5 2 about an line y = x, is
(1) Moment of inertia about axis ‘1’ is ml
4 ml 2
3 2 (1)
(2) Moment of inertia about axis ‘2’ is ml 3
4
(3) Moment of inertia about an axis passing ml 2
through one corner and perpendicular to the (2)
4
plane is 2ml2
(4) All of these ml 2
(3)
42. A square plate has a moment of inertia I0 about an 12
axis lying in its plane, passing through its centre
and making an angle  with one of the sides. Which ml 2
(4)
graph represents the variation of I with ? 6
I I 45. Two rings of same mass and radius R are placed
with their planes perpendicular to each other and
I0 centres at a common point. The radius of gyration
(1) I0 (2)
of the system about an axis passing through the
centre and perpendicular to the plane of one ring is
O 
O 
R
I I (1) 2R (2)
2
I0
I0
(3) (4) 3 3R
(3) R (4)
2 2
O  O  46. A thin uniform wire of mass m and length l is bent
43. From a uniform disc of radius R and mass 9M, a into a circle. The moment of inertia of the wire
about an axis passing through its one end and
R
small disc of radius is removed as shown. perpendicular to the plane of the circle is
3
What is the moment of inertia of remaining disc 2mL2 mL2
(1) (2)
about an axis passing through the centre of disc 2 2
and perpendicular to its plane?
mL2 mL2
(3) 2 (4)
2 3 2
R 47. The angular velocity of a body changes from 1 to
R/3 2 without applying a torque but by changing the
moment of inertia about its axis of rotation. The
C
ratio of its corresponding radii of gyration is
(1) 1 : 2 (2) 1 : 2
2
(3) 2 : 1 2 : 1
3R
(4)
48. A hot solid sphere is rotating about a diameter at an 52. A particle undergoes uniform circular motion. About
angular velocity 0. If it cools so that its radius which point in the plane of the circle, will the
angular momentum of the particle remain
1
reduces to of its original value, its angular velocity conserved?

(1) Centre of the circle
becomes
(1) 0 (2) On the circumference of the circle
(3) Inside the circle other than centre
0
(2) (4) Outside the circle

53. When a planet moves around sun, then its
0
(3)
2 (1) Angular velocity is constant
(2) Areal velocity is constant
(4) 2 0
(3) Linear velocity is constant
49. A thin rod of mass m and length l is suspended
from one of its ends. It is set into oscillation about (4) Linear momentum is conserved
a horizontal axis. Its angular speed is  while 54. A force F is applied at the centre of a disc of mass
passing through its mean position. How high will its M. The minimum value of coefficient of friction of
centre of mass rise from its lowest position? the surface for rolling is
2 l 2 F F
(1)
2g (1)
2Mg
(2)
3Mg
2 l 2
(2) 2F 2F
3g (3) (4)
5Mg 7Mg
2 l 2
(3) 55. When a rolling body enters onto a smooth
g
horizontal surface, it will
2 l 2 (1) Continue rolling
(4)
6g
(2) Starts slipping
50. A solid body rotates about a fixed axis such that its
angular velocity depends on  as  = k–1 where k (3) Come to rest
is a positive constant. At t = 0,  = 0, then time (4) Slipping as well as rolling
dependence of  is given as
56. A hollow sphere of mass m and radius R is rolling
(1)  = kt (2)  = 2kt downward on a rough inclined plane of inclination .
(3)   kt (4)   2kt If the coefficient of friction between the hollow
sphere and inclined is , then
51. A uniform disc of mass m and radius R is pivoted
at point P and is free to rotate in vertical plane. The (1) Friction opposes its translation
centre C of disc is initially in horizontal position with (2) Friction supports rotation motion
P as shown in figure. If it is released from this
(3) On decreasing , frictional force decreases
position, then its angular acceleration when the line
PC is inclined to the horizontal at an angle  is (4) All of these
57. A heavy solid sphere is thrown on a horizontal
rough surface with initial velocity u without rolling.
P What will be its speed, when it starts pure rolling
motion?
2g cos  g sin  3u 2u
(1) (2) (1) (2)
3R 2R 5 5
2g sin  2g sin  5u 2u
(3) (4) (3) (4)
R 3R 7 7
58. A cylinder rolls down two different inclined planes 60. A rod of length L leans against a smooth vertical
of the same height but of different inclinations. wall while its other end is on a smooth floor. The
end that leans against the wall moves uniformly
(1) In both cases the speed and time of descent
vertically downward. Select the correct alternative.
will be different
(2) In both cases the speed and time of descent y
will be same
(3) The speed will be different but time of descent L
will be same
(4) The time of descent will be different but speed x
O
will be same
59. A disc of mass 3 kg rolls down an inclined plane (1) The speed of lower end increases at a
of height 5 m. The translational kinetic energy of constant rate
the disc on reaching the bottom of the inclined (2) The speed of the lower end decreases but
plane is never becomes zero
(1) 50 J (3) The speed of the lower end gets smaller and
(2) 100 J smaller and vanishes when the upper end
touches the ground
(3) 150 J
(4) The speed of the lower end remain constant till
(4) 175 J upper end touches the ground


Rotational Motion and Systems of Particles

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Rotational Motion and Systems of Particles

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Chapter 7

Systems of Particles and

z Properties of Vector Product

POSITION OF CENTRE OF MASS

z Centre of Mass for a System of Particles

m1x1  m2 x2  ....  mn xn mi xi

z Centre of Mass of Continuous Mass Distribution

Here, the area of removed square will be taken

MOTION OF CENTRE OF MASS

z Acceleration of Centre of Mass

(1) kˆ  iˆ  jˆ (2) ˆj .iˆ  1

(1) 0° (2) 60°

(1) 440 (2) 2 110

TORQUE AND ANGULAR MOMENTUM

Its component along an axis (say z) is given by

Using determinant method,

Equating the three rectangular components on two sides,

 x  yFz – zFy ...(i)

Similarly, if it is moving in x – z plane y  0 and x = z = 0 and if it is moving in x – y plane

3. Angular Momentum for a System of Particles

EQUILIBRIUM OF A RIGID BODY

The total torque about the centre of gravity is zero,

As the rod is uniform and homogeneous, R1 R2

 – R1 (EC) + W1(CD) + R2(FC) = 0

 – R1(15) + 30(5) + R2(15) = 0

Adding (i) & (ii), we get

(1) Constant in magnitude as well as direction (2) Constant in magnitude only

z Moment of inertia of point masses.

I  m1r12  m2r22  m3r32  ...

z Moment of inertia bodies having continuous mass distribution.

z Moment of inertia of a body depends on

(i) Shape and size of body

(ii) Distribution of mass in the body

(iii) Position of axis of rotation

THEOREMS ON MOMENT OF INERTIA

Icm = Moment of inertia of the body about its centre of mass

z Perpendicular Axes Theorem

z The point O need not be the centre of mass of the body.

According to the theorem of perpendicular axis, Iz = Ix + Iy z

S.No. Body Axis Figure l

(1) Thin circular ring, radius R Perpendicular to plane, at MR2

(4) Circular disc, radius R Perpendicular to disc at MR2

COMPARISON BETWEEN LINEAR MOTION VARIABLES AND ROTATIONAL MOTION

S. No. Translational Motion Rotational motion about a fixed axis

1. Displacement x Angular displacement 

4. Mass M Moment of inertia I

6. Work dW = Fds Work dw = d

9. Linear momentum P = Mv Angular momentum L = I

10. Equations of translatory motion Equations of rotational motion

COMBINED ROTATIONAL AND TRANSLATIONAL MOTION

Now apply   I  about O

Rolling (Translation + Rotation)

z Kinetic energy of the body during pure rolling (E)

Fraction of total energy Fraction of total energy

ROLLING ON A HORIZONTAL PLANE

z If force acts through C,

z Force acts above C i.e., r is positive.

(ii) Rotation about centre of mass clockwise

ROLLING ON AN INCLINED PLANE

z Condition for pure rolling

 The distance rolled up on the ramp is

Pure rotational motion put vcm = 0

Disc (Picks two particles at

  mvR 2

(I + mR2) = (I + mR2) + mvR