Marketing Research

Syllabus
MARKETING RESEARCH

• COURSE OBJECTIVE: To provide an exposure to the students on the nature and Scope
of marketing research and give them an understanding of the basic techniques and tools
of marketing research.
Course Objectives:

• Cob1: To provide an understanding of the nature and scope of Marketing Research.

• COb2: To provide an understanding of the various sources of data and sampling design.

• COb3: To impart knowledge on the types of measurement scales.

• COb4: To provide an understanding of Hypothesis formulation and non-parametric tests

of significance.

• COb5: To provide an understanding of the structure of a research report.

• UNIT - I: MARKETING RESEARCH: Nature and Scope of Marketing Research – Role of
Marketing Research in Decision Making. The Research process – Steps in the Research
Process.

• UNIT – II : SOURCES OF DATA : Primary data and Secondary data, Methods of data
collection: Survey method, Observation method – Types of observation, Interview, Depth
interview , Focus group interview, Experimental method and other methods, Research
instruments(questionnaire, schedule, mechanical instruments), Steps in designing a
questionnaire, Sampling design-sampling unit, sample size, sampling methods.
• UNIT – III : MEASUREMENT AND SCALING : Concept of measurement and scaling,
Levels of Scales – Nominal ,Ordinal, Interval and Ratio Scales –Likert scale, Semantic
differential scale, Rating and ranking scales, Reliability and Validity of a scale.

• UNIT – IV : DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION : Hypothesis formulation and

testing, Chi square test. Introduction to theoretical concept of ANOVA, McNemar test,
Wilcoxon matched pairs test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test.
• UNIT – V : REPORT WRITING: Steps in writing a good report, precautions, Structure of a
research report, Plagiarism.
• SUGGESTED READINGS :

1. O.R.Krishnaswami and M.Ranganatham, ‘Methodology of Research in Social Sciences’ HPH,

2011 edn.
2. Malhotra, K. Naresh, “Marketing Research- An applied orientation”, Pearson Prentice Hall, 5th
Edn.
3. G.C. Beri, “Marketing Research”, 2008, 8th Ed, Tata McGraw Hill.
4. G.C. Beri, “Business Statistics”, 2010, 3rd Ed, Tata McGraw Hill.
5. Green E. Paul, Tull S.Donald & Albaum, Gerald: “Research for Marketing Decisions”, 2018,
PHI.
6. Tull and Hawckins, “Marketing Research”, 2000, 4th Ed. Tata McGraw Hill.
7. Cooper & Schindler: Business Research Methods McGraw-Hill Education.
8. Martin callingam, “Market intelligence”, 2009, Kogan Page Publishers.
• Course Outcomes:

• CO1:Explain the nature and scope of marketing research, role of marketing research in
decision-making and enumerate the steps in the research process.

• CO2:Explain the methods of data collection for research, develop the ability to design a
questionnaire and describe the methods of sampling.

• CO3:Describe the various levels of measurement, types of measurement scales, and

explain the validity and reliability of a scale.
• CO4:Formulate and test a hypothesis using non-parametric tests such as Chi-square,
McNemar, Wilcoxon matched pairs test, Mann Whitney U test, and Kruskal wallis test
and develop theoretical knowledge about the ANOVA test.

• CO5: Explain the methodology and precautions while writing reports, and explain what is
plagiarism while writing a report.
Steps in designing a questionnaire
• Questionnaires are a set of written questions designed to
gather standardized information about the opinions,
preferences, experiences, intentions, and behavior of
individuals, and can be devised for the purposes of a
scientific study. Traditionally, they have been said to contrast
with surveys in the sense that they do not collect mass data
for further analysis, however the terms are largely used
interchangeably these days
Six steps to good questionnaire design

• #1: Identify your research aims and the goal of your

questionnaire
• What kind of information do you want to gather with your
questionnaire? What is your main objective?
• #2: Define your target respondents
• The selection of groups is a key factor for maximizing the
robustness of your study.
• Another aspect to consider is whether you want to run
multiple questionnaire sessions over a longer period of time
with a single group (longitudinal design), or if you want to
present your questionnaire once to two or more groups
(cross-sectional design).
• #3: Develop questions
• Smart questions are the cornerstone of every questionnaire.
To make them work, they have to be phrased in a way that
prevents any misunderstandings or ambiguities.
• Smart questions are the cornerstone of every questionnaire.
To make them work, they have to be phrased in a way that
prevents any misunderstandings or ambiguities.
• Additionally, remember to avoid jargon or technical language
– the text needs to be fully understood by anyone
completing the questionnaire.
• #4: Choose your question type
• There’s a wide variety in how to phrase questions. In
explorative questionnaires, you will find mainly open
questions, where participants can fill in any answer (this
makes sense whenever you try to gain an understanding of
the topics associated with your research question).
• By contrast, quantitative questionnaires primarily include
closed-questions, which have been predefined by the
researcher either in form of multiple choice answers or
rating scales (such as the Likert scale).
• Here’s one example:
• Open question:
• “What did you like about the webinar?”
• Closed question:
• “The webinar was useful.”
• [ ] Strongly agree
• [ ] Agree
• [ ] Cannot decide
• [ ] Disagree
• [ ] Strongly disagree
• Besides open and closed-format questions, there are several
other types of questions that you can use in your
questionnaire.
• #5: Design question sequence and overall layout
• After optimizing each question separately it is time to
improve the overall flow and layout of the questionnaire.
• Are there transitions from one question to the next? Are
follow-up questions placed correctly? Are skip-rules
implemented (if needed) so that participants can skip
questions that do not apply to them?
• #6: Run a pilot
• This stage is crucial for evaluation and optimization purposes.
Any questionnaire should be handed to a representative sample
of your target audience before you go further with it.
• During piloting, you can identify issues in readability and
understanding, in phrasing and overall arrangement. It could be
helpful to discuss the questionnaire with pilot participants to
better understand their experience. Also, keep in mind to
evaluate your pilot data statistically to make sure that the analytic
procedures of interest truly can be applied to the data.
• What is inverted funnel format?
• The inverted funnel format involves asking questions or
delivering information that is specific first and then general
later on. Funnel Questions This technique involves starting
with general questions, and then drilling down to a more
specific point in each.
• Why do we use inverted funnels?
• A way of ordering questions in a questionnaire where the
specific questions are asked before the general questions.
The approach can be useful where respondents do not have
strong feelings or a general view on a subject.