4 November 2019

Analisis Tata Ruang Kehutanan

Dr. Emma Soraya

INTRODUCTION

 Land is a scarce resource

 essential to make best possible use
 identifying suitability for:
 agriculture
 forestry
 recreation
 housing
 etc.
 >> suitability maps
LAND-USE ALLOCATION & PATTERNS
 fundamental to the functions of the biosphere
 creating interactions & substantial impacts on the
environment
 Sustainability: balancing development, economic growth,
social interaction, and the protection of the natural
environment
 land-use patterns  spatially explicit in nature
 planning and management necessarily must integrate
geographical information system and spatial optimization
LAND USE OPTIMIZATION
 a method of resource (land) allocation to the uses that
provide the greatest sustainable benefits

 the process by which different activities or land uses are

allocated to specific units of land area
 multiple and often conflicting objectives need to be
considered during the land use optimization process
 allocation of land linear programming (LP) for location-
allocation models
MULTI-OBJECTIVE LAND ALLOCATION
(MOLA)
 Basic MOLA theory:
 procedure for solving multi-objective land allocation
problems for cases with conflicting objectives
 based on information from set of suitability maps
 one map for each objective
 relative weights assigned to objectives
 amount of area to be assigned to each land use
 determines compromise solution that attempts to maximize
suitability of lands for each objective given weights assigned
PRINCIPLES OF MOLA

 Methodology
 construct ranked suitability maps for each objective using MCE
 decide on relative objective weights and area tolerances
 evaluate conflict demands on limited land via iterative process
GOAL(S)?
 sustainable development
 "development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs"
 Comprehensive sustainability in land use optimization: balance
between economic development, environmental protection, efficient
resource use, and social equity.
 encourage and assist land users in selecting options that increase
their productivity, are sustainable and meet the needs of the society

 compromises between development costs and the spatial

compactness of land uses
 simultaneously optimizing two or more (conflicting)
objectives subject to certain constraints
 area, resources, and spatial relationships
COMPLEX!
 the location of land uses must be made with respect to:
 what activities to select
 how much land to allocate to each
 where to allocate these land uses.

 the complexity of the optimization process increases:

 the exponentially large number of variables
 the increasing number of objectives

 Impossible for planners to think about and assess all

possibilities
 create the need for effective optimization methods in land
use optimization
A SIMPLE EXAMPLE
 Sadeghi, S. H. R., Jalili, K., & Nikkami, D. 2009. Land use
optimization in watershed scale. Land Use Policy, 26(2),
186-193.
 Brimvand watershed, Iran, + 9572 ha
 Aim: to find out the most suitable land allocation to different
land uses: orchard, irrigated farming, dry farming and
rangeland
 Targeting:
 soil erosion minimization
 benefit maximization
DECISION VARIABLES
 Xi = area of each land use (ha)
 orchard (X1),
 rangeland (X2),
 irrigated farming (X3),
 dry farming (X4).
OBJECTIVE(S)
 Z1 is the total annual income in million Iranian Rails (mIR),
 Xi is the area of each land use in ha
 n stands for numbers of land uses
 annual income for each land use (mIR/ha) = the annual
gross benefit, production cost and soil erosion destruction
cost per each hectare of different land uses is given by Ai1,
Ai2 and Ai3
𝑛
 𝑀𝑎𝑥(𝑍1 ) = 𝑖=1[𝐴𝑖1 −(𝐴𝑖2 + 𝐴𝑖3 )]𝑋𝑖
 Z2 is the total annual soil erosion (t)
 CEi is the annual rate of soil erosion (t/ha) resulting from
different land use
𝑛
 𝑀𝑖𝑛(𝑍2 ) = 𝑖=1 𝐶𝐸𝑖 𝑋𝑖
CONSTRAINTS
 B1 to B4 = maximum
allowable area to:
 orchard (X1),
 Irrigated farming (X3),
 dry farming (X4), and
 summation of orchard and
irrigated farming.
 B5 = maximum arable land
resources
 B6 and B7 = minimum area
of orchard and rangeland
(X2) in ha.
DATA
 Current land use

 Soil characteristics: depth, erosion and sediment yield

 Land capability?
 Land availability

 water availability/supply

 slope steepness and aspect

 socio-economical conditions
SOIL EROSION ESTIMATION IN DIFFERENT LAND USES
 Pacific South-West Interagency Committee method for 15
hydrologic units (subwatershed).
 consisted of nine factors: surface geology, soil erodability,
climate, runoff, topography, vegetation cover, land use, upland
erosion, and gully erosion
 totally determined for the entire subwatersheds.

 erosion estimates were incorporated to the land uses existed

either thoroughly or partially in each subwatershed to find soil
erosion rate associated with each land use
 The possible land use modification was incorporated in order to
minimize soil erosion rate based on land capability criteria and
cultural, social and legal constraints.
RESULT
MODIFIKASI/ KASUS LAIN
 Minimize cost akibat banjir
 Maximize debit air pada saat musim kemarau/bulan kering
 Minimize endapan hasil erosi di badan sungai
 Minimize fluktuasi debit air
 AP - P - IN - ET - PE - ∆SA
 AP: aliran permukaan, P: curah hujan, IN: intersepsi, ET: evapotranspirasi,
PE : perkolasi, ∆SA: perubahan simpanan air

 Penggunaan lahan: pertambangan, pemukiman, kebun, belukar,

lahan kosong, daerah perdagangan dan jasa, perkantoran
pemerintahan, kawasan pariwisata, kawasan industri, kawasan
lindung, lahan pertanian, kawasan pelayanan umum, jalan dan
jalur kereta api
 Evaluasi lahan
 Banyak alternatif skenario sebagai pilihan kombinasi
penggunaan lahan
 Tergantung pembobotan
 Xiaoli, L., Chen, Y., & Daoliang, L. (2009). A spatial decision
support system for land-use structure optimization. WSEAS
Transactions on Computers, 8(3), 439-448.
 Amin, 2008, Perencanaan tata guna lahan DAS Way Seputih
Hulu Lampung Tengah menggunakan model tata air, Jurnal
Manusia dan Lingkungan Vol 15, No 3.
OTHER SPATIAL OPTIMIZATION APPROACHES
 Characteristics of sustainable land use:
 compactness,
 contiguity, and
 Compatibility.

 Addressing these characteristics in objectives and

constraints in spatial optimization approaches:
 Yao, J., Zhang, X., & Murray, A. T. (2018). Spatial Optimization for Land-
use Allocation: Accounting for Sustainability Concerns. International
Regional Science Review, 41(6), 579-600.
 Objectives: ecosystem services provision and biodiversity
conservation: integration of stakeholders and the
identification of ecosystem service trade-offs
 Kaim, A., Cord, A. F., & Volk, M. (2018). A review of multi-criteria
optimization techniques for agricultural land use
allocation. Environmental Modelling & Software, 105, 79-93.
INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT:
 Review both articles to find:
 Advantages;
 Disadvantages;
 Applicability (data requirements and accessibility)
Of each optimization methods in Indonesia’s land use allocation
context.
 Due: next week by email (esoraya@ugm.ac.id)