BUILDING BLOCKS

OF NURSING
INFORMATICS
CONCEPT 1-A:

2nd Semester, S.Y. 2022-2023

NCM 110 - NURSING INFORMATICS
Course Learning Outcomes

CLO#2: Synthesize relevant principles of

computer science, information science,
cognitive science and nursing science in a
given health and nursing situation.

CLO#3: Discuss significance of nursing

informatics in professional practice.
Course Learning Outcomes
1.1. Definition and Evolution of Nursing
Informatics

1.2. Nursing Science

1.2.1. Data
1.2.2. Information
1.2.3. Knowledge
1.2.3.1. Acquisition
1.2.3.2. Generation
1.2.3.3. Dissemination
1.2.4. Wisdom
1.2.5. Nurses as knowledge workers
1.2.6. Clinical practice guidelines

1.3. Information, Information Science and

Information Systems
 What Is Nursing
Informatics?
What Is the purpose of
Nursing Informatics?
Nursing Informatics
a specialty that integrates nursing science,
computer science, and information science
to manage and communicate data,
information, knowledge, and wisdom in
nursing practice. (McGonigle, 2017)

Components:
Nursing Science
study of Nursing

Information Science
data collection, management and retrieval

Cognitive Science
study of the mind and its processes

Computer Science
implementation and application of science
in computer systems
Building Blocks of
Nursing Informatics What is Nursing Science?
an information-intensive program

Basis:
Utilizing of information, application
of knowledge to a problem, and
acting with wisdom

Focus:
human responses to actual or
potential health problems and
advocacy for various clients.

Essential Nursing Skills:

Technical Skills
Interpersonal Skills
Cognitive Skills
Building Blocks of
Nursing Informatics

Goal of Nursing
Informatics:

To find ways to
improve delivery of
health care with the
use of technology.
 Evolution of the definition
of 'Nursing Informatics'
Nursing Informatics is the specialty that integrates
nursing science with multiple information and
analytical sciences (a listing of sciences that
integrate with NI includes but is not limited to:
computer science, cognitive science, science of
terminologies and taxonomies, information
management, library science, heuristics, archival
science, and mathematics) to identify, define,
manage, and communicate data, information,
knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice.

NI supports nurses, consumers, patients, the inter-

professional healthcare team, and other
stakeholders in their decision making in all roles
and settings to achieve desired outcomes. This
support is accomplished through the use of
information structures, information processes, and
information technology (Carolyn Bickford, 2015)
Evolution of the definition
of 'Nursing Informatics'
Integration of multiple
information and analytical
sciences
Reordered listing of individuals
and groups:
Nurse-centric; followed by
consumers, the healthcare
team and stakeholders
Enhanced focus from
management, transformation
and, communication of DIKW
to include actual information
processing and data/info
management to IMPROVE
NURSING PRACTICE
Puts decision making in all roles
and settings with a heightened
focus on outcomes
highlights the nursing process
and evidence and outcomes
based care
 Summarized Timeline of
Nursing Informatics
(7 Time Periods)

Pre-1960s 1960s 1970s

Development of computers during
the late 1930s to early 1940s
Use of computers in the Healthcare
Industry introduced in the 1950s -
1960s
initially used for basic office,
administrative, and financial
accounting functions.
Exploration of use of computer
technolofy in healthcare settings
"Why use computers?" ; "What should
be computerized?"
Focus on documentation, especially
in ICU settings and patient monitoring
Nursing practice standards were
reviewed, and nursing resources were
analyzed.
Development of computer-based
information systems initially focused on
computerized physician order entry
(CPOE), and results reporting; pharmacy,
laboratory, and radiology reports;
Information for financial and managerial
purposes;
Not primarily focused on the Ng. Practice
 Summarized Timeline of
Nursing Informatics
(7 Time Periods)

1980s 1990s 2000s

Emergence of the the microcomputer
or personal computer (PC) Evolution of large integrated More digitalized environment;
healthcare delivery systems newer technologies
field of nursing informatics exploded
and became visible in the healthcare Advancement of the internet and Use of bar-coding and
industry and nursing. the world wide web radiofrequency identification (RFID)
predominantly in hospitals and
More user-friendly interfaces Increased need for information large HCS
across healthcare facilities to
Introduction to patient safety: standardize processes, control Enhanced databases (EHRs)
automated dispensing cabinets (ADCs) costs, and assure quality of care
Home HIT: Telehealth
Summarized Timeline of
Nursing Informatics
(7 Time Periods)

2010s
HITECH Act of 2009 to increase economic efficiency by
spurring technological advances in science and health.

"Meaningful Use" Program: consisting of regulations with

the ultimate goal of implementing a complete and
interoperable EHR and/or HIT system.

Focus on quality improvement and safe data

management and communcation
 The DIKW
Pyramid and the
Foundation of
Knowledge
DIKW Pyramid Data
Raw, unfiltered data
quantities, qualities, characteristics
Decision What future actions? or symbols on which operations are
performed to arrive at a relevant
Change, Movement summation that generates
Purpose
information
What is best?
Application,
Discernment, Wisdom Information
Data that are interpreted, organized,
Judgment
or structured.
Insight Data processed using knowledge or
data made functional through the
Synthesis,
Integration, Knowledge application of knowledge.
Understanding
Why? Knowledge
Meaning The awareness and understanding

Interpretation, Information of a set of information and ways that

information can be made useful to
Analysis support a specific task or arrive at a
decision.
Context What?
Collection, Data Wisdom
Classification, Knowledge and experience applied
Contextualization in a practical way or translated into
actions
 Data (Raw Facts)

Forms:
Alphabetical, Numeric, Audio,
Image, Video, Etc.

High Quality Data

Data that are relevant, accurately representing
their corresponding concepts

Case Scenario
Dirty Data One author (D.M.) found 50 cases of tongue
Database contains errors, such as duplicates, cancer in a database she examined for data
incompleteness and outdated records quality. When she analyzed and the dirty data
were removed, only 1 case remained.
Data Integrity and Quality of Data:
Refers to whole, complete and consistent data
1. How can a dirty data occur?
Threats to Data Integrity:
Human error (viruses, worms, bugs,) 2. What would be its implication to data quality and
Hardware failure (crashes, transmission data utilisation?
failure)
Addressed through: safeguards, back-ups,
error detection transmission
 Viability of Information
Information Accessible
Right information at the right
(Processed Data) time and in the right format
Timely and Utility
Right purpose at the right time
Acquisition of Information to the right person
Utilization of one's senses Accurate
Active search as conveyed by environment No error
Reliable
Clean data and authoritative
and credible
Verfiable
can be proven
Information processing is the conversion of latent information (not yet realized or apparent) Complete
that becomes manifest information (obvious or clear) contains all necessary data
Relevant
ASSUMPTIONS of Information Theory: subject descriptor; related or
Information Science enables the processing of information. applicable to client's needs
Processing links people and technology Secure
Humans are organic “IS’s” constantly acquiring, processing and Cost-Effective
generating Flexible
information or knowledge in their professional and personal lives Simple
Reproducibility
Infomation
Systems
A system that can
handle the needs
of the entire
organization by
communication,

ISs are designed

for specific
purposes within
an organization
Foundation of Knowlege Knowledge
Framework Transformation of Information
Nurses are Knowledge Workers

Knowledge Acquisition
Enaging oneself in rethinking,
reflecting on, and re-exploring

Knowledge Generation
Human intervention to make new
knowledge or enhance and engage
organization knowledge

Knowledge Processing
activity or process of gathering or
collecting, perceiving, analyzing,
synthesizing, saving or storing,
manipulating, conveying, and
transmitting knowledge.

Knowledge Dissemination
Distribution and sharing of
knowledge.
Case Scenario
Tom H. is a physical therapist who works in a
metropolitan hospital providing physical
therapy services to a wide variety of clients.

Today, Tom is evaluating the mobility of a 90-

year-old man with multiple health challenges
— Aortic stenosis, Atrial Fibrillation, controlled
hypertension with medications, and Arthritis—
who was admitted to the hospital for
treatment of gross hematuria.

The client lives at home with his wife, who

reports progressive weakness and reluctance
to ambulate. The Urologist wrote the consult
for physical therapy to help meet his goals of
continuing to live at home.
Case Scenario
Tom H. reviews the EHR to learn the key
diagnoses, the client’s blood count, and the
latest set of vital signs before approaching
the client.

The Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS)

of the EHR also lists clients as a fall risk.

After interviewing the client and checking the

oxygen saturation level with a pulse oximeter,

Tom prepares to assess the client’s

ambulation. Tom asks, the client to sit up first
and pause, then carefully assists him to a
standing position. Tom notices that the
client’s walker is not adjusted properly for his
height, so Tom makes the adjustments before
the begin to walk.
Guide Questions

Did Tom acquire and obtain data and

information? Cite examples in the situation.

Did Tom use technology to acquire

data? How?

Did Tom reach into his knowledge and

acted with wisdom? How?
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION