5 Waves and sound

Answers

Page 74 How do waves behave?

1. 10,800 km

Page 78 How can we measure waves?

1. a) 2m
b) 20 m
2. 1 ÷ 0.036 = 27.8 Hz

Page 79 Data-based question: Tuning forks

1. 65
anomaly
60

55

50
mass (g)

45

40

35

30
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550
frequency (Hz)

(Allow axes to start at origin; Straight line of best fit is acceptable)

2. Note F; from the photo, it is a different design of tuning fork
3. As frequency increases, the mass of the tuning fork decreases. (might
also comment that the rate of decrease gets smaller)
4. 39.5 g (allow ± 1 g)

Page 81 How can we measure sound?

1. a) Sound C
b) Sound D
Sound B (time period of wave is 0.1 s and so frequency
c)
is 10 Hz—this is infrasound)

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Page 82 The colors of visible light
1.
2.

yellow
indigo
ultraviolet violet blue green orange red infrared

300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800
wavelength (nm)

3. Ultraviolet beyond the blue end of the spectrum, infrared on the right
hand side beyond red
4. 420 nm = violet; 534 nm = green; 564 nm = green

Summative assessment
Criterion A: Unbalanced forces and transportation
1. C 5. D
2. B 6. D
3. C 7. C
4. B

Criterion B: Does salt water cause waves to travel faster?

8. Independent variable: type of water;
Dependent variable: time it takes for wave to reach the edge of
paddling pool (accept speed)
9. Any valid control variable. e.g. depth of water, stone used
10. Type of water Time to travel 1 m (s) Speed (m/s)
fresh 5.19 0.193
salty 5.18 0.193

11. Average time for salty water is less; this does support hypothesis;
(max of 2 for these)
However, variation in times is large; experimental data is not
accurate enough to support or contradict the hypothesis
12. 1 mark for a sensible improvement, 1 mark for explanation
For example:
 Use a larger pool because times would be longer / differences
between fresh and salty water would be more obvious
 More salt dissolved in water so that difference between salty
and fresh water is greater.

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 Criterion C: The speed of waves on water

13. a) 0.9 m/s

b) 1 m/s
c) 1.8 m/s
14. i) Not true for small wavelengths; true for large wavelengths
ii) True for small wavelengths; not true for large wavelengths
iii) True
iv) True
v) True

Criterion D: Detecting tsunami waves

15. a) 0.5 hr or 30 minutes

b) 7 hours
c) 7 – 0.5 = 6.5 hours
16. time = distance ÷ velocity = 100 ÷ 1000 = 0.1 hr
17. 1 mark for each advantage and disadvantage per method
Examples:
Method Advantage Disadvantage
Detecting • Detection is cheap / • Does not confirm that there
seismic waves based on land is a tsunami
Ocean buoys • Possible to directly • Need lots of buoys to
confirm a tsunami increase possibility of
reliable detecting tsunamis
• Need to install buoys in the
middle of the ocean—can
be expensive / difficult
to maintain

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