REPORT OVERVIEW

This report provides a brief background of Student Industrial Work Experience

Scheme (SIWES), its aims and objectives which is to provide student in tertiary
institutions an avenue to bridge the gap between existing theory and practices in their
approved course of study and also to prepare students for the industrial work situation
they are likely to meet upon graduation.

This report also contains the description of Oto Awori local council
development area Ijanikin Lagos (MEDICAL/HEALTH DEPARTMENT) to
which I was attached and also the various work done on the field in which I was
opporturned to work.

In the later pages of this report contains the problems encountered in the course
of the programme and the recommendations which can improve the scheme and give
more opportunity to the ones coming behind.
Z

Sol
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

Report

overview

Table of Contents

CHAPTER ONE:

1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of SIWES

1.2 Objectives of SIWES

CHAPTER TWO:

2.0
[DOCUMENT TITLE]
Description of the establishment of attachment

2.1 Location and Brief History of the organization

[Document subtitle]
2.2 Organizational structure of the LCDA

2.3 Various department in Oto Awori LCDA and their functions

2.4 Units under the Environmental health services

CHAPTER THREE:

3.0 Actual work done and experience gained

3.1 Sanitary Inspection Of Premises.
3.1.1 Residential Premise Inspection Report
3.1.2 Abattoir Inspection Report
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 3.1.3 Food Premise Inspection Report
3.1.4 Market Inspection Report
3.1.5 School Inspection Report

3.2 Evacuation Of And Burial Of Dead Destitutes.

3.3 Problems of Environmental Health in Nigeria

CHAPTER FOUR:

4.0 Equipment used, functions and description of their usage

CHAPTER FIVE:

5.0 Summary

5.1 Problems encountered

5.2 Recommendations

5.3 Conclusion

Sol
 A REPORT ON INDUSTRIAL TRAINING UNDER THE STUDENTS’ INDUSTRIAL
WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)

HELD AT

OTO-AWORI LOCAL COUNCIL DEVELOPMENT AREA,

SECRETARIAT; KLM28, LAGOS-BADAGRY EXPRESSWAY, IJANIKIN, LAGOS

STATE.
(MEDICAL/HEALTH DEPARTMENT)
BY

ADEDAYO OLUSHOLA

FLORENCE

MATRIC NO.:

18/57MT/00385

SUBMITTEDTO

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT & TOXICOLOGY,

FACULTY OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES, KWARA STATE UNIVERSITY,

MALETE

Sol
 IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF
BARCHELOR OF SCIENCE (Bsc. Hons) DEGREE IN ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT & TOXICOLGY.

MAY-OCTOBER 2022

Sol
 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION OF SIWES

Students Industrial workshop Experience Scheme [SIWES] IS a scheme that

helps to train, enlighten and expose students to learn practically what they have
been taught theoretically in their various academic areas of discipline. Thus,
SIWES is a skill acquisition program that plays a paramount role in the assessment
and improvement of students’ practical experience. Its a vital link which gives
student the opportunity to familiarize and exposed tto various instruments,
machines and equipment used in their field of study and how applicable are their
fields outside the academic environment.

1.1 BACKGROUND OF SIWES

The students Industrial Work Experience Scheme [SIWES] was established

through the Industrial Training Fund [ITF]as a result of the realization by the
Federal Government in 1973,of the need to introduce a new dimension to the
quality and standard of university education obtained in the country in order to
achieve the much needed technological advancement because it has been shown
that a correlation exists between a country’s level of economic and technological
advancement and it’s level of investment in manpower development .The scheme
exposes students in industrial base skills required for a smooth transition from the
lecture room to the outside world. It affords students of tertiary institutions the
opportunity of being familiarized and exposed to the needed experience in
handling machineries, equipment and skills which are usually not available in their
educational institutions. Participation in SWIES has become an essential pre
condition for the award of Diploma and Degree Certificates in specific disciplines,
Biochemistry inclusive, in most institutions of higher learning in the country in
accordance with the educational policy of the Nigerian government.

1.2 Objectives of siwes

The objectives of siwes include among others;

i. To provide an avenue for students in the Nigerian higher institution to acquire

industrial skills and experience during their course of study.

ii. To prepare students for the work situation they are likely to meet after
graduation.

iii. To expose the students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment
and machinery that may not be available in their schools.

iv. To provide students with an opportunity to apply their theoretical knowledge in

real work situations thereby bridging the gap between theory and practice.

v. Enhancing students’ contacts with potential employers while on training.

CHAPTER TWO
1
2.1 Description of the establishment

Oto Awori LCDA is a governmental organization which deals

with various branches . The Organization is organized into
various department which include the Supply department,
Agricultural department, Medical Health department,
Administrative department, information department, Town
department, Treasure department.

2.0 LOCATION AND BRIEF HISTORY OF THE

ORGANIZATION/DEPARTMENT

Local government development Area is a governmental

organization, which is the government at the grassroot closest to the people.
It’s the tier of the government administration that co-ordinates the activities
of citizens at the local community level. Local government as a concept of
government existed long before the arrival of the colonial rule.
Oto Awori previously known as “OTO” is a suburban community
and a local government development council area located along
the Lagos-Badagry Expressway Ojo local A government area of
Lagos State. Oto awori is founded by Ayato which is the
predecessor for today’s Esau Oladega AINA (Kuyamiku) of the
Oloja Ruling House of Oto Awori. Ayato the founder of Oto
Awori from Ile-Ife, Oto Awori has been administered from
Badagry since 1909 having apparently been placed for a few
years in the Lagos District by the definition of boundries thereof
1985.

2
2.3 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE ESTABLISHMENT

CHAIRMAN

VICE CHAIRMAN

SUPERVISORS

HEAD OF DEPARTMENTS

SECTIONAL HEADS

COUNCIL STAFF
2.4 DEPARTMENTS AND UNITS IN THE ORGANIZATION AND THEIR FUNCTION

2.4.1 Medical/health department

This department is in charge of treatment and prevention of disease and ailment,

they also administer drugs and take good care of the environment and enlighten
people on how to keep their environment clean.

2.4.2 Administrative department

They are saddled with the responsibility of personnel management i.e promotion,
discipline e.t.c.

2.4.3 Agricultural department

3
They are in charge and in control of all kind of agricultural activities that takes
place in the town.

2.4.4 Works and housing department

They are in charge of maintenance of government owned vehicles, buildings,

constructions and road maintenance.

2.4.5 Treasury department

They are in charge of all the financial activities that takes place in and out of the
local government.

2.4.6 Town planning department

This department is in charge of carrying out development control, house

numbering and street naming. They also carry out landscaping of the environment.

CHAPTER THREE

4
3.1SANITARY INSPECTION OF PREMISES

3.1.1 RESIDENTIAL PREMISE INSPECTION REPORT

REPORT ON RESIDENTIAL PREMISE INSPECTION

I hereby submit a sanitary Inspection report of a residential premise

Address; 1 Sunday Edem street iyanera, ijanikin Lagos state.

Name of owner; Mr. Adebayo

Date of inspection;30/6/2022

Time of inspection; 10 a.m

Duration of inspection;35 mins

Type of building; Bungalow

Description of the building; The building is a bungalow and it has 3 rooms 2 toilets
and bathroom and 1 kitchen.

Name of E.H.Os; Sanitarian Jide Olawode and sanitarian Taiwo Sanyan

Approach

The premise does not have an access road to the building, and it has no building
line and it has a poor drainage system, which does not conform with the building
regulation standard that the distance between the building line and frontage fenced
wall should not be less than 6metres. While the distance between the public drain
and the building is usually not less than 1.2m. There are no shops obstructing the
way.

EXTERNAL INSPECTION

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We started the inspection with the external premises which consists of the
following;

1. The frontage

2. The right

3.The left

4. The rare

FRONTAGE

 There was evidence of broken bottles and littered papers and plastic bottles
at the front of the building. There was also an evidence of a dirty drainage.
This could lead to blockage of drainage system and flies infestation.

REMEDY

 There should be proper disposal of wastes and the drainage should be kept
clean always.
 Health education was given to the dwellers of the house about the
importance of keeping a clean drainage system.

RIGHT

 At the right side of the building there was presence of overgrown weeds and
stagnant water. This could lead to pest infestation and can cause malaria to
the people living in the premise.

REMEDY

 The weeds should be properly trimmed and the stagnant water should be
swept away.

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LEFT

 At the left side of the building, there was evidence of disposed furnitures and
this could serve as home for pests and rodents.

REMEDY

 The unused furnitures should be disposed off properly.

RARE

 At the back of the building, there was An evidence of improper disposal of

solid wastes, such as bottles, leather bags, clothes e.t.c. This could lead to
infestation of pests and rodents. There was also An evidence of naked wires
which could lead to electrocution.

REMEDY

 The naked wires should be well placed and covered with concrete or
networking pipes and there should be a proper method of disposing the
wastes. Issue of oral notice to the dwellers of the house to make use of
sanitary dustbin.

INTERNAL INSPECTION

ROOMS

THE FLOOR;

Nuisances detected;

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  Accumulation of personal belongings which caused obstruction of
movement and it could lead to vermin infestation. There was evidence of
spilled water on the floor and this could lead to an accident or death.

REMEDY

 The dwellers were told to remove the personal belongings away from the
floor and the water should also be dried.

PASSAGE;

Nuisance detected;

 Evidence of objects obstructing free movement.

REMEDY

 An oral notice was issued to the dwellers to remove the objects, giving them
three days to do that.

WALLS;

Nuisances detected;

 Evidence of Cracked walls which is liable to harbor vermin and also pests of
public health importance.

REMEDY

 Abatement notice was issued to the owner of the house in order to cement
the cracked area of the wall.

CEILING;

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Nuisance detected;

 Presence of cobwebs which disrupts the aesthetic structure of the

environment.
 Presence of sagging ceiling which is liable to harbor vermin and rodents.

REMEDY

 Abatement notice was served to the owner of the house for proper repair of
the ceiling.
 Health education should be given to the dwellers of the house on cleanliness
and removal of cobwebs.

TOILET;

Nuisance detected;

 Broken water closet which can lead to accident or death.

 Presence of obnoxious Odour.

REMEDY

 Abatement notice was issued to the owner of the house for proper repair of
the water closet.
 There should be adequate water supply to reduce the obnoxious odour from
the toilet.

KITCHEN;

Nuisance detected;

 Evidence of cobwebs all over the kitchen.

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 REMEDY

 Health education was given to the dwellers of the house on cleanliness.

REFUSE DISPOSAL;

Nuisance detected;

 Absence of sanitary dustbins with tight fitting covers. This can lead to
infestation of pests and rodents.

REMEDY

 Health education was given to the dwellers of the premise on the need to
acquire a sanitary dustbin with tight fitting cover.

WATER SUPPLY;

Nuisance detected;

 The source of water is an opened well which can lead to accidents or

contamination of water.

REMEDY
 The occupants of the house was told to cover the well with immediate effect
and they should be educated on the dangers of an opened well.

DRAINAGE;

Nuisance detected;

 Evidence of blocked drainage which leads to stagnant water and harbors

flies and this can cause malaria.

REMEDY

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  An oral notice was issued to the dwellers of the house to clean their drainage
and they should also be enlightened on the effects of having a blocked
drainage.

RECOMMENDATION;

 The nuisances detected in which an abatement notice was issued should be

attended to in no time.
 There should be provision of an adequate and potable water supply.
 There should also be a proper disposal of wastes.

3.1.2 ABATTOIR INSPECTION REPORT

I hereby submit a sanitary inspection report of an abattoir

Address; Agbara market Ijanikin, Lagos state

Name of owner; Government owned

Name of abattoir manager; Alhaji Abdulahi

Date of inspection; 7TH July 2022

Time; 12PM

Duration; 1 hour

Name of EHOs; Sanitarian Jide Olawode, Sanitarian Temi, Sanitarian Taiwo

Sanyan

Name of persons accompanying EHO; MR. David and MISS Olushola

11
EXTERNAL INSPECTION

STATE OF ACCESS ROUTE;

Nuisance detected

 Evidence of blocked drainage which can cause stagnant water and pest
infestation.
 Evidence of pot holes and ditches which can cause accidents.

REMEDY

 An oral notice was served to them to clear the drainage immediately.

 The pot holes and ditches should be repaired.

LAIRAGE;

Nuisance detected

 Evidence of poor maintenance of lairage.

 Evidence of cow dungs littered on the floor.
 Evidence of stagnant water.

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 REMEDY

 An oral notice was issued to the manager/butchers to clean the lairage and an
health education should be given to them.

LAYOUT;

Nuisance detected;

 There was no orderliness of work processes, and all operations were under
unhygienic conditions.

REMEDY

 Health education was given to the workers on the need for orderliness of
work processes to assure efficient performance to break disease
transmission.

REFUSE DISPOSAL;

Nuisance detected

 No proper refuse disposal.

 Evidence of a heap of cow dung bones and fat.

13
 REMEDY

 An abatement notice was issued to the manager to clear the heap of refuse.

DRAINAGE;

Nuisance detected

 The drainages were in poor condition, there were evidences of blood, fats,
cow dungs

and plastic bottles in the drainages.

14
 REMEDY

 An oral notice was issued to the butchers and the manager to remove the
dirts in the drainages immediately. Health education should also be given to
them about the dangers of having a blocked drainage.

INTERNAL INSPECTION

FLOOR;

Nuisance detected

 Evidence of animal’s blood on the floor.

 Evidence of cow dung on the floor.

REMEDY

 Health education was given to the manager and butchers on how to properly
keep the floor clean. A stern warning should also be given to them that the
act must not be repeated.

15
TOILET;

Nuisance detected

 No toilet.

REMEDY

 An abatement notice was given to the manager of the abattoir to secure good
and well equipped toilets.

WALLS;

 No nuisance detected.

CEILING;

Nuisance detected

 Sagging ceiling which is liable to harbor pests and rodents.

REMEDY

 An abatement notice was served to the manager for the repair of the ceiling.

LIGHTING AND VENTILATION;

 There was proper lighting and adequate ventilation.

HANDWASHING FACIITIES

 There were no hand washing facilities which is liable to cause faecal-oral

transmission.

REMEDY

 An abatement notice was served to the manager to provide hand washing

facilities.
16
WATER SUPPLY;

Nuisance detected;

 The source of water supply was an opened well which is liable to cause
contamination of water and accident.

REMEDY

 An abatement notice was served to the manager to provide an adequate

water supply and to close the well.

COLD ROOM AND FREEZER;

Nuisance detected;

 There was no cold room and freezer which indicated that there was no
means of preserving the meat been killed.

REMEDY

 An abatement notice was issued to the manager to provide a cold room or

freezer for preservation meat.

RECOMMENDATION

 The government should provide the necessary facilities.

 The butchers and manager were given health education on how to take good
care of the abattoir.
 The government should employ cleaners whose job will solely be to clean
the abattoir.

17
  Disinfectants and detergents should also be provided for the cleaning of the
abattoir.

3.1.3 FOOD PREMISE INSPECTION REPORT

I hereby submit a sanitary inspection report of a food premise

Name of food premise; Just Food restaurant

Name of owner; MRS Ajidele

Address; 27, Era Road, Iyanera Bus/stop ijanikin, Lagos state.

Date of inspection; 19th july,2022

Time;12pm

Duration; 1 hour

Name of EHOs; Sanitarian Lawal, Sanitarian Jide and Miss Olushola Adedayo

EXTERNAL INSPECTION

DRAINAGE

Nuisance detected;

 Evidence poor maintenance of drainage which could lead to stagnant water

and cause flies Infestation.

REMEDY

 An oral notice was issued to the owner of the restaurant to clean the
drainage immediately.

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REFUSE DISPOSAL

Nuisance detected;

 Littered wastes around the refuse disposal site which could lead to
infestation of flies.
 No evidence of a sanitary bin with tight fitting cover.

REMEDY

 An oral notice was issued to the owner of the restaurant to clear the littered
surroundings and A health education was given to them concerning the
effects of improper waste disposal.
 We also encouraged them to get a sanitary bin.

INTERNAL INSPECTION

FLOOR

 No nuisance was detected.

CEILING

Nuisance detected;

 Evidence of cobwebs and slightly broken ceiling which could lead to the home
of pests.

REMEDY

 An oral notice was issued to clean the cobweb immediately and an abatement
notice was issued to repair the broken ceiling.

WALLS
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 No nuisance detected.

DOORS AND WINDOWS

Nuisance detected;

 The windows were slightly broken and dirty.

REMEDY

 An oral notice was issued to clean the windows and an abatement notice was
served to repair the broken windows.

LIGHTING

 No nuisance detected.

VENTILATION

 No nuisance detected.

CLOAK ROOM

Nuisance detected.

 No cloak Room.

REMEDY

 They were advised to get a cloak room and they were also told the importance
of a cloak room.

TABLES

 No nuisance detected.

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SANITARY CONVENIENCE

Nuisance detected;

 Evidence of obnoxious odour.

REMEDY

 An oral notice was issued to clean the toilet immediately.

SINKS

 No nuisance detected.

KITCHEN

 The kitchen was well equipped with cooking utensils, gas cooker, cabinets and
plates.
 No nuisance detected.

WATER SUPPLY

 There was an adequate and potable water supply.

RECOMMENDATION

 Provision of medical certificate for food handlers to know if they are medically
sound to prevent disease transmission.
 The owner of the restaurant should always make sure the restaurant is clean and
suitable for eating.

3.1.4 MARKET INSPECTION REPORT

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I hereby submit a sanitary inspection report on a market inspection at Vespa
market Ijanikin Lagos state.

Date of inspection; 7th July 2021

Time of inspection; 11 A.m

Duration of inspection; 2 hours

Address; Vespa market Ijanikin, Lagos state

Name of owner; State government

Name of market manager; Mrs. Akanbi

EXTERNAL INSPECTION

 Nuisance detected;
 Obstruction of access road with improper display of goods by the traders and
this can cause accidents.
 Evidence of blocked drainages which can serve as home to mosquitoes and
other pests of public health importance.
 No proper way of disposing refuse. Evidence of waste accumulation
awaiting final disposal which can lead to rodents and Flies infestation and
can also cause odour nuisance.
 The surroundings were not well kept.
 Inadequate fire Fighting facilities which can lead to poor emergency
response to fire accident.

REMEDY

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  An oral notice was issued to the traders to pack up their goods that were
improperly displayed on the access routes and A health education was also
given to them on the dangers associated with their actions.
 An oral notice was given to the market managers to get people to clean the
drainages immediately.
 An abatement notice was issued to the market manager to make provision
for sanitary disposal and provision for waste collection materials.
 Health education was given to the market manager on the need to get an
adequate, Fire Fighting facilities.

WATER SUPPLY

Nuisance detected;

 There was no provision for water supply which is liable to cause unhygienic
practices and water shortage diseases.

REMEDY

 Health education was given to the market manager on the need to provide an
adequate and potable water supply.

TOILET

Nuisance detected;

 No toilet and this can lead to open defecation.

REMEDY

 An abatement notice was issued to the market manager to make provision

for toilet facilities.

23
INTERNAL INSPECTION

FLOOR

Nuisance detected;

 Evidence of broken floors which can lead to infestation of pests.

REMEDY

 An abatement notice was issued to the market manager to reconstruct the

broken floor.

PASSAGES

Nuisance detected;

 Accumulation of loads on the floor obstructing free movement.

REMEDY

 An oral notice was issued to the traders to remove the loads on the floor
immediately.

WALLS

Nuisance detected;

 Evidence of dilapidated walls which can lead to collapse.

REMEDY

 An abatement notice was issued to the market manager to reconstruct the

walls.

ROOFS AND CEILINGS

24
Nuisance detected;

 No nuisance detected.

STALLS

Nuisance detected;

 Evidence of pests and vector infestation which can lead to disruption of

goods.
 Inadequate lighting which can cause accidents.

REMEDY

 Health education were given to the owners of the stalls on how to take
proper care of their stall and they were also told to arrange their stalls and
goods properly.

RECOMMENDATION

 The government should try to look into and attend to what the market needs.
 There should be cleaners in the market whose job are solely to clean the
entire market.
 There should be a provision of a sanitary toilet.
 There should no longer be display of goods on or by the road side.
 The market manager should encourage the traders to clean their stalls daily.
 There should be a provision for an adequate water supply.
 There should also be a proper way of disposing refuses.

3.1.5 SCHOOL INSPECTION REPORT

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I hereby submit a sanitary inspection report of a school premise

Name of school; Good will nursery and primary school

Address; No 4, Akanbi Cresent, Ayetoro Ijanikin Lagos

Name of owner; Mr Ogbonna

Date of inspection;9th August,2022

Time of inspection; 11 a.m

Duration of inspection; 1hour

EXTERNAL INSPECTION

 No presence of tall trees.

 The area was very large enough.
 The fence and gate were well maintained.
 The recreational equipment Were properly installed.
 There was no fire extinguisher.

FRONTAGE

 No nuisance detected.

DRAINAGE

Nuisance detected;

1. Evidence of littered papers and plastics bottles.

REMEDY

 An oral notice was issued to clean the drainage immediately.

WALLS

26
  No nuisance detected.

REFUSE DISPOSAL

 Evidence of a sanitary bin with a well fitted cover.

WATER SUPPLY

 There was an adequate and potable water supply.

INTERNAL INSPECTION

FLOORS

Nuisance detected;

 Evidence of some piece of nylons and papers littered on the floor.

REMEDY

 An oral notice was issued to clean the floor immediately.

CEILING

 No nuisance detected.

WALLS

 No nuisance detected.

CLASSROOMS

 The classrooms were properly maintained. No nuisance detected

TOILET

Nuisance detected;

 Evidence of obnoxious odour.

27
 REMEDY

 An oral notice was issued to clean the toilet immediately.

FOOD HANDLERS

Nuisance detected;

 The food handlers were not medically certified.

REMEDY

 The food handlers were encouraged to get medically certified.

FIRST AID BOX

 There was a first aid box.

RECOMMENDATIONS

 There should be a provision for a fire extinguisher.

 The cleaners should be told to keep the surroundings clean everytime.

3.1.6 HOTEL INSPECTION REPORT

I hereby submit a sanitary inspection report on a hotel premise

Name of hotel; Freeway hotel

Address of hotel, 8 mission street, Alasia Lagos.

Description of the hotel; The hotel is a Three, Story building with 10 rooms on
each floor

Date of inspection; 30 August 2022

28
Time of inspection;12 P.m

Duration of inspection; 1 hour

EXTERNAL INSPECTION

 The road to the hotel was accessible.

 The drainage was properly maintained.
 The surroundings were well kept.

INTERNAL INSPECTION

FLOORS

Nuisance detected;

 Evidence of broken tiles which can lead to infestation of pests.

REMEDY

 An abatement notice was issued to repair the tiles.

WALLS

 No nuisance detected.

CEILINGS

 No nuisance detected.

ROOMS

 As at the time of the inspection there were only 16 rooms vacant out of 30
rooms and they were all in good shape and properly maintained. No
evidence of rats or Pests infestation.

HEALTH SAFETY DEVICES

29
  There was a first aid box and there was also a fire extinguisher available too.

WASTE MANAGEMENT

 For the liquid wastes there was a suck away.

 For the solid wastes there was a provision for a vehicle that collects wastes.

WATER SUPPLY

 There was an adequate and potable water supply[Borehole].

RECOMMENDATION

The broken tiles should be attended to in no time.

3.2 EVACUATION OF AND BURIAL OF DEAD DESTITUTES

A complain was brought to the local government on the 7th of September 2022
about a dead homeless woman found in an uncompleted building. Before getting to
the uncompleted building, we all had our nose masks on, our safety gloves, safety
coats and safety boots. On getting to the venue, we Sprayed the area with t.c.p and
Dettol to neutralize the odour and also to disinfect the environment. We also
sprayed the environment and some kilometres away from the area with a sniper
insecticide using a knapsack sprayer.

We hired some labourers, too, they also had their protective equipment on too.
Afterwards, the labourers used mackintosh to wrap the corpse and they carried it
and put it on a stretcher then into the bus. Then the corpse was taken to the burial

30
ground for proper burial. We then sprayed the area again and warned the residents
against going to that premise for a week.

3.3 PROBLEMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH IN NIGERIA

1. Solid wastes disposal; A lot has been written about the problems of wastes in
Nigeria. This is noticed by everyone in the society especially in the urban areas.
The problem is due to failure of the various city authorities to cope with the
mounting of refuse heaps in various corners. Most drainage channels are blocked

31
by refuse leading to flooding and causing stagnant water which breeds mosquitoes.
The refuse and other wastes generated are only moved away from our
consciousness but are not disposed in a manner as to protect public health. The
wastes are most of the time burnt at the dumpsite and releasing toxic and
hazardous fumes such as dioxins and furans which are cancer causing agents into
the atmosphere

2. Air pollution; The air we breathe has no border. Air pollution is a growing
problem in Nigeria today, the situation is not out of control yet but it’s getting
there. The major source of air pollution in Nigeria is the automobile and gases
from industrial processes, and heavy dust from quarries and other construction
processes. The usage of ‘smoky vehicles’ in our society is getting very high due to
the economic situation in Nigeria. The toxic substances from these exhaust fumes
increase the incidence of respiratory disease and also climate change.

3. Sanitation of abattoir and slaughter slab; Most abattoirs do not have the most
basic sanitary facilities. In urban centers, one could see the meat meant for human
consumption being transported in the boot of taxis or worse still on motorcycles.
The butchers are not medically examined for fitness. Meat is hawked openly in
various market thereby exposing it to contamination.

4. Industrial waste management; The growing numbers of industrial and

manufacturing activities have continued to increase the level of environmental
pollution in our society. The problem is that the effects of some of these pollutants
are cumulative and have a long gestation period of fifteen years, giving a long rise
to many chronic and disabling diseases affecting internal organs like the lungs, the
kidney, the liver, the brain. Some of the toxic metallic pollutants are; asbestos,
cadmium, arsenic and lead.

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5. Market sanitation problems; Various markets are turned into one huge jungle
without regard to basic sanitation rules. Stalls are attached unto every corner
without the maintenance of minimum distance between them. Most of these
markets lack basic sanitary facilities like toilets and urinals, waste collection
facilities are also absent. Most of the markets are not provided with fire fighting
equipment nor are they provided with adequate thoroughfare for fire vehicle
passage.

6. Waste disposal infrastructure; Effective waste management cannot be completed

without a final disposal site. In Nigeria, there is no sanitary landfill site anywhere,
what is practiced is dumping of sites at various dumpsites. Incinerations are not
built and wastes are not segregated. All kinds of wastes including health care
wastes are dumped at the same dumpsite, thereby increasing the danger these
wastes poses to the environment and public health.

7. Enforcement of sanitation laws; Most of the environmental health/sanitation

laws are fragmented and outdated. Most Nigerians are not aware of these
fragmented Laws. Hence, they do not obey them. Enforcement of these laws is
weak and is hampered by lack of will and legal technicalities. Environmental
health issues are no longer regarded as criminal matters as was the case during the
colonial day.

3.3.1 ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN TO RESOLVE THE PROBLEMS

 Government should encourage research in environmental health matters and

private organization should support the research for the overall benefit of the
country.

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  Government should make funds available for the purchase of equipment for
effective operation of environmental health programmes.
 The National assembly should enact a law that will guide the enforcement
and implementation of environmental health practice.
 Federal Government should build at least six sanitary landfills and
incinerators respectively in selected cities. At least six incinerators should be
built within 2 years for the disposal of hazardous wastes.
 Short courses on environmental health control measures should be organized
for serving EHOs. Federal ministry of environment should work with
identified training institutions and develop curriculum for EHO training in
collaboration with universities and NUC.
 The federal ministry of environment in collaboration with relevant NGOs
should educate the public on the 3Rs [reduce reuse and recycle] and
encourage organizations to initiate actions on waste reuse reduce and
recycle.
 More and adequate facilities used in the Market and Abattoirs should be
provided by the federal government
 The Government should make a law that will ban ‘smoky vehicles’ on the
roads.

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 CHAPTER FOUR

MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

During the training, equipment used were safety gloves, safety coat, safety boots,
nose masks, stretcher, knapsack sprayer and sniper e.t.c.

4.0 DESCRIPTIONS AND FUNCTIONS

Safety Gloves: It is a personal protective equipment used to cover the hands and
fingers against contaminants.

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 Nose mask: It was used to protect the nose against obnoxious and harmful
odour.

Safety boots: It was used to protect the feet from injury and pathogens.

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 Laboratory coat: It is a personal protective equipment used to protect the skin.

Knapsack sprayer: It was used to spray the entire area where the dead body was
found

Stretcher: It was used to carry the corpse into the bus.

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 Sniper insecticide: It was used to disinfect where the dead body was found.

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 CONCLUSION

The student industrial wok experience scheme is indeed a great avenue for students
to develop skills needed in the society whether they are to become entrepreneurs or
employees. Engaging in this program has really exposed me to the work
environment I will likely meet after graduation. It has also given me the
opportunity to apply the knowledge gained from school and even improve on it.

5.2 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

The problems I encountered during the course of training

include;
Lack of mobility i.e vehicles to move around the local government.
Lack of finances from the local government to the department

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 Lack of enough competent environmental officers.

5.3 RECOMMENDATION

Considering the benefits of participating in the SIWES, I recommend the

following;

An active participation in this exercise by all students during the training

period.
The industrial training fund [ITF] should endeavor to provide some particular
organization where the students will carry out their Students industrial work
experience scheme [SIWES] rather than the students going from organization to
organization.
The ITF should endeavor to support the students financially during the period
of training.

Considering the problems encountered I will recommend that the government

should:

provide enough means for mobility and finances for the department.
make sure that only competent environmental health officers are employed.

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