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Here is a lecture note on the continuity of functions:

# Continuity of Functions

## Introduction

In mathematics, a function is a rule that assigns a unique output to each input. Continuity is
a property of functions that ensures that small changes in the input result in small changes
in the output. In this lecture, we will discuss the concept of continuity and the various
conditions that must be met for a function to be considered continuous.

## Definition of Continuity

A function f(x) is said to be continuous at a point x=a if the following conditions are met:

1. f(a) exists (i.e. the function has a finite value at x=a)

2. The limit of f(x) as x approaches a exists and is equal to f(a)
3. f(x) is defined in some neighborhood of a

These conditions can be expressed mathematically as follows:

$$\lim_{x\to a}f(x) = f(a)$$

and

$$\forall \epsilon > 0, \exists \delta > 0 \text{ such that } |x - a| < \delta \implies |f(x) - f(a)|
< \epsilon$$

## Continuity on an Interval

A function f(x) is said to be continuous on an interval [a,b] if it is continuous at every point in

the interval. If a function is continuous on an interval, it is also continuous at the endpoints
of the interval.

## Types of Continuity

There are three types of continuity:

1. Pointwise Continuity: A function is said to be pointwise continuous if it is continuous at

each point in its domain.

2. Uniform Continuity: A function is said to be uniformly continuous if it is continuous on its

entire domain and the limit of f(x) as x approaches a is the same for all points in the domain.

3. Continuity Almost Everywhere: A function is said to be continuous almost everywhere if it

is continuous at all but a countable number of points in its domain.