Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ENVIRONMENT
SMARTBOOK
For The
BLACKSMITH NCOs
(This booklet is to set you up for success…not failure
BLACKSMITH 09
Aug 1999
DEDICATED TO EXCELLENCE
TABLE of CONTENTS
Soldier’s Welfare 8
Pre-Combat Checklist 10
Camouflage 21
Fighting Positions 22
Light Discipline 23
Trash Discipline 23
Noise Discipline 23
Bivouac 24
Control of Equipment 25
Priority of Destruction 27
Defensive Action/Standards 28
NBC Training 30
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TABLE of CONTENTS CONT.
“Stand To” 33
Notes 40
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UNIFORM AND EQUIPMENT
This list is the minimum amount of equipment needed by each soldier who deploys, this
must be in their possession. All equipment will be serviceable and the first line
supervisor is responsible for inventorying and ensuring that the equipment is present. It
is ultimately the responsibility of the Commander, 1SG, PLT Leaders, and PSG to ensure
all deploying soldiers’ equipment is serviceable and complete.
EQUIPMENT TO BE WORN:
LCE Complete:
Belt, web
Suspenders w/first aid pouch and dressing
2ea ammo pouches w/7 magazines
Canteen w/ cover & cup (worn on left hip)
Flashlight
Compass (optional)
Kevlar:
Sewn-on rank
2ea inside (1155 & 1156)
Name sewn on band (block letters
Personal weapon
Protective Mask
1 Set BDU's
1 T-shirt, brown
1 Pair Combat Boots
1 Belt, black
Socks, OD/Black
ID Card
ID Tags, set
Meal Card
Plugs, ear
Carry on bag (CVC bag or Patrol Pack only)
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“A” BAG (DUFFLE W/LOCK)
1 Bag, waterproof
2 Undergarments, cotton
3 Rank set, pin on
5 Socks, cushion sole
2 Towel, brown
4 T-shirt, brown
1 Poncho liner (optional)
1 Boot polishing kit
1 Entrenching tool
1 Sleeping bag
1 Mat, sleeping
1 PT uniform, complete
3 Socks, white
1 Pair running shoes
1 Shelter half (2 females/officers)
5 Peg, tent (10 females/officers)
3 Pole, tent (6 females/officers)
1 Rope, tent (2 females/officers)
1 Set BDU’s
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RUCKSACK
Working Areas
While performing maintenance, supply operations, or under cover, weapons, LCE,
and NBC suit must be at arms length
Protective mask will be worn at all times!
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Underclothes
Socks
Chapstick/lip balm
Sunscreen
Camouflage sticks
Foot powder
Insect repellant
Body powder
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SOLDIERS’ WELFARE
Meals
Mail operations--set aside an area where paper, pens, and light are available
Soldiers’ pay—S1 must make arrangements for LESs pickup and leaders must screen
Laundry and bath--personal hygiene must remain a high standard (soldiers will be
clean and shaved no later than 1200 hours daily)
Heat and cold weather injuries must be prevented through briefings and First line
leaders checking (identified with white engineer tape)
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SOLDIERS MUST BE BRIEFED PRIOR TO DEPARTURE AS TO
THE WHO, WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, AND WHY:
**Concept of operation/mission
**Threatcon
**ADA status
**MOPP level
**Challenge & password
**Risk Assessment
Location of deployment
Standards of performance
Training goal
All sleeping tents must have sleeping diagram at each entrance to facilitate rapidly
finding personnel. At the same time, personnel not involved should not be awakened.
Bedrolls will be uniformly rolled or unrolled throughout the unit. Uniformity in all
areas is a must.
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PRE-COMBAT CHECKLIST for TACTICAL ROAD MARCHES
BRIEFING
1. SP time
2. Route
3. Speed
4. Interval
5. Procedures and halts
6. Breakdown procedures
7. Priorities upon occupation
8. Safety
PERSONNEL
1. Full accountability
PERSONAL EQUIPMENT
1. All drivers have a strip map
2. ID card
3. Proper field uniform worn
4. All TA-50 present for current OPORD
5. Individual weapons present and secured
6. Individual weapons serial numbers recorded
7. Flashlight present on soldier/vehicle
8. Compass/pluggers carried by leaders
9. Name on kevlar band in block letters
10. Rank sewn on kevlar cover
11. LCE complete
12. First aid pouch
13. Full canteen w/ drinking cap
14. Protective mask with hood
15. Operation of SOI
16. Radio/telephone procedures
17. Drivers license present
18. Call for MEDEVAC (9 step)card
19. Leaders have a notebook, pencil, area & strip maps, current SOI, and the unit
TASCSOP
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PRE-COMBAT CHECKLIST (CONTINUED)
INTELLIGENCE
1. Soldiers must be knowledgeable of their mission in the platoon, the platoon’s
mission within the company, and the company’s mission within the battalion
2. All maps posted
3. Soldiers know challenge and password
4. All leaders have a list of their subordinates, their weapons and sensitive items
by serial number, and vehicles by type and bumper number
5. Vehicle bumper numbers must be legible
NBC EQUIPMENT
1. MOPP suit present and serviceable with gloves/boots
2. Protective mask carried, fitted, and serviceable
3. M258 A1 decon kit present on each soldier
4. M256 chemical detection kit present and complete per assigned vehicle (NBC
detection teams)
5. Soldiers with glasses have mask inserts
6. Soldiers knowledgeable on MOPP levels and alert warning procedures and
signals
7. NBC teams identified and knowledgeable of equipment
8. NBC markers for contaminated areas present
COMMUNICATIONS
1. SOI with radio as available
2. Leaders knowledgeable of change over time for, call signs, and challenge and
password
3. Leaders can authenticate and use encoding tables
4. Antenna tie down kit installed and used
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PRE-COMBAT CHECKLIST (CONTINUED)
MAINTENANCE
1. Log book and dispatch in vehicle
2. Lubrication order and -10 present in Vehicle
3. PMCS completed daily and 5988E filled out correctly
4. Oil and water levels correct
5. Vehicle batteries clean with cables tight and electrolyte levels correct
6. Windows clean (any time you are stopped for more than 15 min)
7. Fire extinguishers present and serviceable
8. Lights operational
MISCELLANEOUS
1. Eye protection available for drivers of wheeled vehicles without windshields
Each vehicle will carry 5 gals of water, 5 gals of fuel, and 1 case of MREs
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TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES
Troop leading procedure is the sequence of actions the company commander, platoon,
and squad leaders follow to make the best use of available time and facilities to prepare
for the accomplishment of their assigned mission.
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TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES CONTINUED
1. RECEIVE THE MISSION
Think through the mission
Use METT-T (mission, equipment, terrain, time available, troops available)
Plan use of available time allow 2/3 of time for subordinates
Use reverse planning
4. INITIATE MOVEMENT
State time the unit is to be in location
Five W’s of movement
Method of movement
Arrange for transportation
5. CONDUCT RECONNOITER
Visually inspect the area as much as possible
Use maps, photos, if available, if you cannot recon the actual site
Add advantages and disadvantages to COA's based on recon
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BE SURE TO:
Use proper format
Take attendance
Issue order on site of mission if possible
Speak clearly, use proper grammar
Be concise, but accurate
Use training aids, such as sand tables, sketches, or maps
Maintain eye contact
Tell subordinates what to do if they lose communications
Ask for questions
Ask them specific questions to be sure they understand
Give a time check, to be sure all are on the same time
8. SUPERVISE AND REFINE
List a priority of things to be checked to ensure mission
accomplishment
Display thorough knowledge and confidence
Get periodic reports from subordinates to include key goals
Make corrections
Adjust the plan as necessary, communicate adjustments to
subordinates
ACCOMPLISH THE MISSION!
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DELIBERATE RELOCATION OF BSA
Conduct recons
Issue FRAGO
Continuous support
Units provide sector sketch, and lay land lines two hours after main body closes
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TOC/CP SET UP PRIORITIES OF WORK
Company
Occupy area
Establish security
Establish commo
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TOC/CP TEAR DOWN PRIORITIES OF WORK
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PROFESSIONAL APPEARANCE AND OPERATION
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PROFESSIONAL APPEARANCE AND OPERATION (CONTINUED)
LOAD PLANS:
Ensure load plans are accurate and reflects those items required first to be loaded to
the rear of the vehicle.
Each soldier has a NCO supervisor and knows what his/her responsibilities are and in
what order of priority.
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CAMOUFLAGE
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FIGHTING POSITIONS
PROTECTION:
A good fighting position protects you from small arms fire and indirect fire
fragmentation. Protection from small arms fire is provided by frontal cover, it cuts in
half the chance of injury or death from small arms fire. Natural frontal protection (trees,
rocks, dirt, etc.) is best because it is hard for the enemy to identify a fighting position that
is concealed by natural cover. Frontal cover must be:
1. Long enough to provide adequate fighting room for two soldiers and to conceal
the muzzle blast when firing oblique.
2. Thick enough to stop enemy small arms fire (at least 18 inches of dirt).
3. High enough to cover the heads of the soldiers when they are firing their
weapons.
4. Far enough in front of the hole to allow for oblique firing.
Approach the position only from the rear, ensuring that a visible trail is not left.
Do not litter area, make unnecessary noise, or during the hours of darkness expose
any light.
Do not disturb any vegetation not used in constructing or camouflaging the position.
Be particularly careful with a vehicle if you are a driver, insure that the vehicle does
not leave a trail pointing out the position.
Use soil removed from the position to build a parapet and then cover it with sod in
such a manner that it looks natural. Excess soil should be carried well to the rear of
the position and hidden.
If additional vegetation must be used to break up the outline of the parapet, obtain
some similar to that found near your position with root structure intact if possible. Do
not use so much vegetation that the position has more that the surrounding area. If at
all possible use the woodland camouflage system.
If the ground under the weapons nozzle is dusty, keep it moist, but not excessively
wet.
Cover all headlights and mirrors on vehicles with weighted sandbags during the day
to cut down on sun reflection. (Tone Down)
Cover vehicle windshield with poncho or tarp and camouflage both vehicle and
trailers during long halts and extended stays. Do not raise the hood of your vehicle.
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LIGHT DISCIPLINE
NOISE DISCIPLINE
Every attempt should be made to muffle exhaust systems for vehicles and generators
(do not allow equipment to overheat!)
Avoid all unnecessary vehicular or foot movement
Tape or otherwise secure metal parts (weapon slings, ID tags, etc.) to reduce noise
during movement
Talk only when necessary
Use radio only when necessary, keep volume low
TRASH DISCIPLINE
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BIVOUACS
DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS:
CAMPS: Provide 50 square meters per soldier and 100 square meter per vehicle. Locate
your camp at least 2 miles from mosquito breeding areas. Select site after considering
mission, consider natural obstacles against attack. Cover and concealment, surface
damage, soil surface, road accessibility to water point, prevailing wind, absence of
poisonous vegetation and insects or reptiles.
LATRINES: Locate at least 100 meters away from dining facility and 30 meters away
from personnel shelters. Locate hand-washing stations between latrines and tents.
WATER: The amount of water for any given number of soldiers varies. The season of
the year, the geographical location, and the tactical situation are factors that must be
considered when estimating the minimum requirements; in a hot dry climate, a soldier
performing normal duty may require as much as two or three gallons of water per day for
drinking purposes. In a cool climate however, a soldier may require only one half gallon
of water per day for the same purpose. Similarly, amounts required for cooking and for
personal hygiene vary greatly.
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CONTROL OF EQUIPMENT IN THE FIELD IS MANDATORY:
Central point in a company area for vehicles and personnel to check in/out.
Call-back procedure established for personnel not able to return to unit area and
verify arrival upon reaching destination.
PMCS correctly performed daily on equipment that is moved, and every 72 hours
when not moved.
Generators properly grounded and fuel stored at proper distance away from
generators and other sources of flame.
Fire extinguishers in all vehicles, and beside all generators and stoves.
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SAVE PLAN OPERATIONS
Pre execution:
Execution:
BN CDR initiates save plan based on input from S-2/current situation
S-3 initiates save plan with FM call, “guidons, guidons, ...execute save plan”
BSA has ---- hours to move (up to 1.5 hours will be given)
Main body will depart 0/0
BMO approves and supervises the destruction then escorts demo team to
alternate site.
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PRIORITY OF DESTRUCTION AS FOLLOWS:
Class III
Class V
Class VII
Class II (uniforms)
Class XI
Class I
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DEFENSIVE ACTIONS/STANDARDS
1. OP/LPS detect and report enemy element to company CP via landline. Company CP
will alert TOC by radio, BN TOC increases level of defensive status.
3. If a mounted attack by fire, Company CDR or 1SG touch off appropriate flares or
signals as required.
4. OP’s call for supporting indirect fire against the attacking elements with supporting
fires, IAW the target list and call for fire procedures.
7. Soldiers engage exposed armored vehicle crewmen and vehicle optics with rifle and
machine gun fire
8. Soldiers engage assaulting vehicles with AT4, M203 and fire from behind frontal
cover; fires are directed to the flanks of the vehicles, and alternating.
Initiate direct and supporting FPL, machine guns fire on designated FPL's
10. If enemy vehicle penetrate the perimeter, take the following actions:
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BSA DEFENSE TRAINING
Support personnel, particularly officers and NCO's may require refresher training in BSA
defense principles and techniques. This includes the use of organic weapons,
communications procedures, placement, and monitoring of ground sensors, preparation of
defensive positions, fire support coordination, and NBC defense measures.
UNIT TRAINING
Unit and BSA defense training focuses on rehearsal of BSA defense plans,
continuation of the supp9rt mission under limited attack, and complete defensive posture
without conducting the support mission.
INDIVIDUAL TRAINING
All individuals will take part in BSA defense operations. They may require
refresher training in the following areas as applicable to their roles in the base
defense effort:
Preparation of individual fighting positions.
Camouflage, cover, and concealment.
Patrol and operation of roadblocks and checkpoints.
Limited visibility operations to include the use of night observation devices and
sensors and special challenge, sign and countersign techniques.
Cross-training on individual and crew served weapons and supporting equipment
available within the unit.
Marksmanship, especially night firing and the preparation of range cards.
Listening posts and observation post operations with emphasis on security, sound
and light discipline, and reporting procedures emplacement, operation, and
maintenance of special observation and detection devices such as sensors, flares,
platoon early warning system (pews), and remotely employed sensors (REMS).
Cross-training in all commo equipment available within the unit and in
communication techniques.
Obstacle construction and mines and booby-trap emplacement.
Counterattack, use of rally points internal and external.
Use of individual and non-air defense crew served weapons in an air defense role.
Nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) protective measures.
Operations security (OPSEC).
Identification of threat vehicles and equipment.
Spot reports using salute format.
Fire support requests, coordination, and adjustment.
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NUCLEAR, BIOLOGICAL, AND CHEMICAL (NBC) TRAINING
The debilitating and lethal effects of NBC weapons pose a great threat to all
personnel on the battlefield. The enemy’s priority targets include nuclear delivery
means (aircraft, artillery, missiles, and rocket sites).
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BSA DEFENSE EXERCISES
BSA defense exercises are the final and most important step in the base defense training
cycle since they provide the means for developing individual and unit proficiency in base
defense operations. These exercises are conducted under various weather conditions
during day and night. BSA defense exercises are used to familiarize BSA defense forces
and tenant units with their roles, in base defense operations. They include, but are not
limited to, rehearsals of BSA defense plans, manning of defensive positions, coordination
of supporting fires.
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PRIORITY OF WORK IN THE DEFENSE
Position LP/OPs
Assign and clear fields of fire, designate sectors of fire, principal direction of fire,
place aiming stakes, clear only what is absolutely necessary, complete range cards,
draw sector sketch (leaders).
Prepare defensive positions, dig individual or crew served fighting positions, include
grenade sumps and overhead cover.
Eat chow
Rest/sleep
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“STAND TO”
TIME: Daily 30 minutes before EENT/ BMT and until terminated by higher
headquarters (BSA TOC)
UNIFORM: BDU’s, Kevlar, LCE, Weapon, Mask, MOPP suit carried or worn as
directed by chain of command
PURPOSE:
DRILL:
1. Individual/crews
a. Soldiers fighting position
b. Defends self
c. Defends sector
d. Augment reaction force on order
2. Leadership
a. Controls fire
b. Maintains noise and light discipline
c. Accounts for personnel and sensitive items, reports status up the chain of
command
d. Directs the defense
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M16 RIFLE MARKSMANSHIP
1. Steady position
2. Aiming
3. Breathing control
4. Trigger squeeze
1. Prone supported
2. Kneeling supported
3. Kneeling unsupported
4. Standing
Shot grouping
Zeroing
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SPOT REPORTS (SALTY)
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REACT TO AIR ATTACK
Any soldier may alert the unit of approaching aircraft with BSA sector
Over FM net, a guidons call will be made as follows: “guidons, dynamite, dynamite
Soldier alerts platoon. Sec of approaching aircraft. “example, “aircraft right front”
If fired on by aircraft without order or signal, all soldiers immediately return fire
using appropriate engagement techniques (fast mover by 2 football fields, slow mover
by 1)
If in vehicles, leader orders driver to take evasive action and move vehicles to a
concealed position: if no position is around, disperse vehicles to reduce targets--
soldiers dismount except for mounted weapons
Leader identifies aircraft, orders soldiers to fire if aircraft is to be engaged (air attack,
jet inbound, 3 o’clock, prepare to fire)
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RESPOND TO GROUND ATTACK/RED ALERT STATUS
TOC initiates call to notify all tenant CP’s using code word “bayonet” example:
guidons, guidons, bayonet, bayonet
Tenants respond with fixed call signs, and all units monitor BN CMD net
Field artillery trains commander reports to TOC (as directed by XO) as BSA FSO
during battle ops
Units man defensive positions at 100% use direct fire weapons and indirect fire
support to repulse attack
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REACT TO INDIRECT FIRE
FM or vocal “incoming”
NBC report
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REACT TO CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION
When you suspect chemical contamination through observations, chemical alarms
warning messages, symptoms, artillery rounds, or other means, do the following:
1. Mask.
2. Warn others by yelling “gas, gas, gas,” arm signals, and 3 long horn blasts.
3. Go to MOPP IV.
4. TOC warns units by “guidons, guidons, gas, gas, gas” and 3 long horn blasts.
6. All personnel and vehicles stop moving, except designated leaders and NBC
teams.
10. TOC records results, identify areas of contamination, including personnel and
equipment by type and quantity.
12. TOC tasks units to conduct operational decon at designated downwind site.
13. TOC directs C Company to prepare PDS as required near downwind deacon site.
16. Once contaminated, equip/personnel are removed or locally deconed and the site
is deconed--initiate M256 kit testing and unmasking procedures.
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Equipment
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