3. Identify when is the best time to use these methods.

The best time to use the top-down approach is since it is usually called macro because
it identifies the big picture, then it works well when the leading project manager has a
big picture of how the project contributes to the organization and has a clear insight into
the details of a project. While since the Bottom-up approach is piecing together of
system, it is best to use it when one is just having a start-up on something as this is a
continuous learning of the system and industry.
4. Advantages and Disadvantages of using these methods.
Top Down
● Advantages:
○ Have a holistic insight of the objective and goals.
○ Easier to maintain and access as data is well-structured and
normalized.
○ Data consistency as it can be made in a centralized manner.
○ Provides a comprehensive view of all data in the organization.
● Disadvantages:
○ Needs a lot of time to work and data modeling to it is very time-
consuming and complex to do so.
○ Query performance can be slower compared to other methods.
○ One needs expertise and extensive training in performing this
approach.
○ Since expert and qualified engineers are needed for this, some of
them are more difficult to find and costly to have.