NON-PRINT LEARNING MATERIAL FOR LROW

Grade 11/12 General Biology 2

INTRODUCTION
Quarter and Week Number: Quarter 3 Week 2 B
Activity Title: “How Life Began on Earth”
MELCs: Describe general features of the history of life on Earth, including
generally accepted dates and sequence of the geologic time scale and
characteristics of major groups of organisms present during these time
periods. STEM_BIO11/12-IIIc-g-8
Learning Targets: Enumerate the different periods and its major events according to Earth’s
geological timescale.
Content Developer:
Content Creator: Irrah Sheene D. Bucong
Illustrator/s:
Evaluator/s:

Pre-Test
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer from the given choices. (Note: Format is similar with Kahoot)
1. Where did the fossil of bacteria, which is 3.5 billion years old and possibly be the oldest fossil found?
a. Stalactite
b. Stalagmite
c. Stromalite
d. Ocean vents
2. Which era began with life flourishing on seas, yet 90% of all marine animal species went extinct when this era
ended?
a. Cenozoic
b. Mesozoic
c. Paleozoic
d. Neozoic
3. What era was referred as the “Age of Dinosaurs”?
a. Cenozoic
b. Mesozoic
c. Paleozoic
d. Neozoic
4. Which among the periods, does NOT belong to the Paleozoic era?
a. Carboniferous
b. Cambrian
c. Ediacaran
d. Ordovician
5. What is the proper order of periods in the Cenozoic era?
a. Paleogene, Neogene, Quarternary
b. Neogene, Paleogene, Quarternary
c. Quarternary, Neogene, Paleogene
d. Paleogene, Quarternary, Neogene
ENGAGEMENT (Use H5P Find the Hotspot)
Review (Time that Line)
Direction: Identify which epoch the following major events took place.by clicking the choices below.

1. Bipedal human ancestors appear

Oligocene Pliocene Miocene

2. Mammals and angiosperms continue to diversify

Oligocene Pliocene Miocene

3. Origin of primates

Oligocene Pliocene Miocene

4. Ice ages, Origin of Homo

Pleistocene Jurassic Cretaceous

5. Dinosaurs abundant, first bird appears

Pleistocene Jurassic Cretaceous

Lesson Presentation

EARTH’S GEOLOGICAL TIMESCALE

The Miller and Urey Experiment is considered a breakthrough in studying the beginning of life. However, it is still a
posing question what are the first living organisms? Who could have survive as changes on Earth’s atmosphere took place?
Let’s take a look at this geological timescale. But before we start, let us first differentiate Eon, Era, Period and
Epoch:
(*Note that MYA is million years ago)

EON ERA PERIOD EPOCH

The largest division of geologic time Spans a period of ten The A subdivision of a
scale, it spans hundreds of thousands to hundred millions of basic unit of the geologic geological
of years. time scale; during these period during which a rock
million years. spans of time, specific series is deposited.
system of rocks were
formed.
The four (4) eons: Cenozoic Quarternary Holocene
1. Phanerozoic (half a billion (0.01 MYA Historical
years that constitutes the age Time)
of multicellular life on earth) Pleistocene
(0.01 MYA Ice ages,
Origin of Homo)
Neogene Pliocene
(2.6 MYA Bipedal human
ancestors appear)
Miocene
(5.3 MYA Mammals and
angiosperms continue to
diversify)
Paleogene Oligocene
(23 MYA Origin of
Primates)
Eocene
(33.9 MYA Angiosperms
dominate, mammals
diversify)
Paleocene
(65.5 MYA Mammals,
birds, insects diversify)
Mesozoic Cretaceous
(145.5 MYA Angiosperms diversify, dinosaurs extinct
at end of period)
Jurassic
(199.6 MYA Dinosaurs abundant, first birds appear,
gymnosperms dominate)
Triassic
(251 MYA Dinosaurs evolve, origin of mammals,
gymnosperms dominate)
Paleozoic Permian
(251 MYA Dinosaurs evolve, origin of mammals,
gymnosperms dominate)
Carboniferous
(251 MYA Dinosaurs evolve, origin of mammals,
gymnosperms dominate)
Devonian
(251 MYA Dinosaurs evolve, origin of mammals,
gymnosperms dominate)
Silurian
(251 MYA Dinosaurs evolve, origin of mammals,
gymnosperms dominate)
Ordovician
(251 MYA Dinosaurs evolve, origin of mammals,
 gymnosperms dominate)
Cambrian
(251 MYA Dinosaurs evolve, origin of mammals,
gymnosperms dominate)
2. Proterozoic (“age of hidden life”, is a geological eon Ediacaran
spanning the time from the appearance of oxygen in (635 MYA (1800 MYA (2500 MYA
Earth’s atmosphere to just before the proliferation of life Appearance of Oldest fossils of Carbonate
algae and eukaryotic cells) rocks abundant)
invertebrates)
4. Archeaen (earth’s crust had cooled down, allowing the (2700 MYA (3500 MYA (3850 MYA
formation of continents and the beginning of life on Atmospheric Oldest fossil of Oldest known
earth) oxygen cells) rocks)
increases)
5. Hadean (named after the mythological Hades, it is 4600 MYA
when the earth is still forming) Earth Forms

Having learned about the origins of life on Earth and the history of the planet, here are the organisms that were
present at various times along the geological time scale.

1 Cyanobacteria (3.5 billion years old) is considered as

one of the oldest organisms today, it is found in a
stromalite in Western Australia. It came from the
Archean Era

During the Archean Era, cyanobacteria produced

oxygen in the air. This bacteria has a significant impact
on how our ecology evolves and changes. It is
observed that CO2 is depleted in the surrounding
waters of this bacteria due to photosynthesis.

2 Coronacollina acula (560 million years old) is

characterized by hard body parts and spicules that
extended 20-40 cm from the main body which is 5 cm
long. This organism came from the Ediacaran Epoch.

This organism is seen in the fossils as a depression

measuring a few millimeters to two centimeters deep.
But due to the compaction of rocks overtime, this
organism could have been bigger at around three to five
centimeters tall. Its construction is similar to that of
Cambrian sponges.
 Trilobites are arthropods and the soft part of their bodies
were covered with exoskeleton, they uses their spine for
3 support. Some live in mud or at great depths of the
ocean. These organisms were in massive numbers 525
million years ago. They went extinct during the Cambrian
explosion.

These organisms belong to the Paleozoic Era.

Cambrian, Ordovician, Carboniferous and Permian also
belong to this era. The breaking up of the
supertcontinent Rodinia into Gandwana and Laurentia
took place during this era.

Myosaurus grailis is a dicynodont from early Triassic

Epoch (during this time, organisms vary from amphibians,
vascular plants and reptiles and towards the end of the era,
4 90% of the organisms went extinct). Dicynodonts were
toothless herbivores, they had caniniform tusk instead, and
they vary from small to large burrowers.

Tyranosaurus rex also known as the "king of the tyrant

lizards" belonging to the genus of Coelurosaurian
threpod dinosaur and the family of Tyrannosaurides, a
family of predatory dinosaurs. These organisms survived
through scavenging and hunting and belong to the
Jurassic Epoch.

5
Maosasaurus is an extinct aquatic squamate reptile from
Cretaceous Epoch. They were apex predators, 12.4
meters long and called "Lizard of the Meuse River". These
predators' habitat preference is pelagic lifestyle, they love
to reside in the surface of open seas where they can
exploit rich marine life in its locality. Its fossils were found
in the deposits of Atlantic Ocean.

6
The Myosaurus, Tyrannosaurus rex and Mososaurus
came from 3 different epochs but they all belong to the
Mesozoic era also known as the "middle life" started
around 245 million years ago and lasted for 180 million
years. Mesozoic era is known as the era of dinosaurs.
 Plesiadapiforms are archaic members of the primates,
they originated from the Paleogene Period. They are the
first mammals to have finger nails instead of claws, they
spent most of their times in trees and are fed on soft
plant materials and insects. This lower evolutioary
ancestors of Primates lives around 55-65 million years
7 ago.

The Cenozoic era or "recent life" is also known as the

Age of Mammals is divided into Paleogene, NEogene
and Quaternary.

Ardipithecus ramidus is the oldest species that

8 possesses features that can be related to the hominid
lineage, they are the first organisms to exhibit
bipedalism, they came from Neogene periods.
Scientists observed that this specie contrats sexual
dimorphism, they have equal size for male and female
suggesting reduced male to male conflict and increased
pair bonding and parental investment.

The carbon isotopes found near the remains of Ar.

ramidus showed that it depended more on the
woodland than in the grassland for its diet.

The first fossil was dated to 4.4 million years ago.

Memory Game (Use H5P Memory Game)

Direction: Play this Memory Game by pairing the photo to the period/era it belongs.

NEOGENE
PERIODS
 CRETACEOUS PALEOGENE
EPOCH PERIOD

TRIASSIC PALEOZOIC
EPOCH ERA

NEOGENE EDIACARAN
PERIODS EPOCH

MESOZOIC ARCHEAN
ERA ERA

APPLICATION (Use H5P Sort the Paragraphs)

“Time That Line”
Directions: Arrange the period/epoch below according to the correct order in the Earth’s Geological Timescale.

Miocene

Cambrian

Devonian

Permian

Jurassic
CONSOLIDATION
Direction: The names of Periods, Eras, and Epochs are listed in Column A, and Column B comprises a sentence that
describes the eras in turn.
(Note: Format in Matching Form where students will just have to drag a line and point it to their answer.)
Column A Column B
1. Ediacaran Epoch a. “middle life”
2. Archaen Era b. Green algae and acritarchs
3. Paleozoic Era c. Oldest species to the hominin lineage
4. Mesozoic Era d. Dinosaurs
5. Cenozoic Era e. Methane covered the earth

EVALUATION
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer from the given choices. (Note: Format is similar with Kahoot)
1. Where did the fossil of bacteria, which is 3.5 billion years old and possibly be the oldest fossil found?
a. Stalactite
b. Stalagmite
c. Stromalite
d. Ocean vents
2. Which era began with life flourishing on seas, yet 90% of all marine animal species went extinct when this era
ended?
a. Cenozoic
b. Mesozoic
c. Paleozoic
d. Neozoic
3. What era was referred as the “Age of Dinosaurs”?
a. Cenozoic
b. Mesozoic
c. Paleozoic
d. Neozoic
4. Which among the periods, does NOT belong to the Paleozoic era?
a. Carboniferous
b. Cambrian
c. Ediacaran
d. Ordovician
5. What is the proper order of periods in the Cenozoic era?
a. Paleogene, Neogene, Quarternary
b. Neogene, Paleogene, Quarternary
c. Quarternary, Neogene, Paleogene
d. Paleogene, Quarternary, Neogene

Pre-Test/Evaluation
1. C
2. C
3. B
4. C
5. A

Engagement
Review
1. PLIOCENE
 2. MIOCENE
3. OLIGOCENE
4. PLEISTOCENE
5. JURASSIC

Application
1. MIOCENE
2. JURASSIC
3. PERMIAN
4. DEVONIAN
5. CAMBRIAN

Consolidation
1. B
2. E
3. D
4. A
5. C

REFERENCE/S: (Chicago Format)

Javier, Mark Archei O. Diwa Senior High School Series: General Biology 2. 4/F SEDCCO 1 Bldg. 120 Thailand corner
Legazpi Streets, Legaspi Village, 1229 Makati City: DIWA LEARNING SYSTEMS INC, 2017.