Earth Science- Grade 11

I. Introductory Concept
What if we compress the age of our earth in one year? Let’s say, on the first of
January earth was created, by what time of the year does life occur? What time of the year
does first amphibians, reptiles, and mammals emerge?

The geologic time scale divides up the history of the earth based on life-forms that
have existed during specific times since the creation of the planet. These divisions are called
geochronologic units (geo: rock, chronology: time). Most of these life-forms are found as
fossils, which are the remains or traces of an organism from the geologic past that has been
preserved in sediment or rock. Without fossils, scientists may not have concluded that the
earth has a history that long precedes mankind.

II. Learning Competencies

 Describe the history of the earth through geologic time scale. (S11ES-llg-h-34)
 Familiarize the significant events in every Eon, Epoch, Era and Period.
III. Activities

Activity 1. TIME CHECK. Time span of the Earth’s is so great that geologist use the
geologic time scale to show Earth’s history. The geologic time scale is a record of geologic
events and evolution of life forms.

1. Compute the percentage of the duration of each Era, given that the age of the earth
is 4,600 million years. Express your answer in 2 decimal places.

THE DIVISIONS OF GEOLOGIC Millions of years Percentage

TIME
Cenozoic Era 66 mya
Mesozoic Era 185 mya
Paleozoic Era 291 mya
Precambrian Eon 4,058 mya

2. Create a pie chart to show the percentage of time each Era in geologic time scale.

RO_Earth Science _Grade 11_Q2_LP 7

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ACTIVITY 2. FILL ME IN

Directions: Using the Geological Time Scale, supplement the table with the accurate data.

Million
Years
EON ERA PERIOD EPOCH/AGE
Age
(Ma)
1. Today
Quaternary
Pleistocene 0.01 Ma

9. 1.6 Ma

Cenozoic Miocene 5.3 Ma

Tertiary 2. 23.7 Ma

Eocene 36.6Ma

Paleocene 57.8Ma
Extinction of
10. 65.5Ma
Dinosaurs
Phanerozoic Mesozoic 5. 144Ma

Triassic First Dinosaurs 208Ma

Permian 3. 245Ma

286
Carboniferus
360

6. Devonian 7. 408

4. 438

Ordovician 505
Age of Invertebrates
8. 570

Protorozoic Eon 2500

Pre-Cambrian Achean Eon Pricoan Period 3800

Hadean Eon 4600

RO_Earth Science _Grade 11_Q2_LP 7

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 PaleoMaps used with permission from Christopher Scotese and are under copyright of C.R. Scotese,
2002
RO_Earth Science _Grade 11_Q2_LP 7
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ANALYSIS. Answer the following.

SET A. Arrange the following in order from oldest (D) to most recent (A) by writing a letter in
blank.

1. _________ Mesozoic Era

2. _________ Precambrian Time
3. _________ Cenozoic Era
4. _________ Paleozoic Era

Set B. Answer the following questions based on what you have just learned.
1. Why is the geological time scale used to show Earth’s history?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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2. How would you rewrite the following sentence to make it true?
Geologist subdivide periods into era.
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3. How did geologist decide where one division of the geological time scale ends and
the next begin?
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___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Set C. Match column A with column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on the blank.
Column A Column B
_____1. A unit of geologic time that A. Period
subdivided eras. B. Geological time scale
_____ 2. A long unit of time used to divide C. era
the time between Precambrian time
and the present.
_____ 3. A record of the geologic
events and the evolution of life
forms as shown in the fossil record.

RO_Earth Science _Grade 11_Q2_LP 7

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Abstraction - The Earth Through Time
The Proterozoic Eon:
Figure 1.
 No life possible as the Earth
initially forms 4.6 billion years
ago.
 Simple, single-celled forms of life
appear 3.8 billion years ago,
becoming more complex and
successful over the next 3 billion
years: Prokaryotes then
Eukaryotes
 Cyanobacteria begins producing
free oxygen (photosynthesis) PaleoMaps used with permission from Christopher Scotese and are
 Land masses gather to make up under copyright of C.R. Scotese, 2002
a continent called “Rodinia”.

Cambrian Era:
Figure 2.

 Explosion of life
 All existing phyla come into
being at this time
 Life forms in warm seas as
oxygen levels rise enough to
support life
 Dominant animals: Marine
invertebrates (trilobites and
brachiopods)
 Supercontinent Gondwana PaleoMaps used with permission from Christopher Scotese and are
under copyright of C.R. Scotese, 2002
forms near the South Pole
(note position of present-day
Florida)

Ordovician Period:
Figure 3.
 The 1st animals with bones
appear, though dominant
animals are still trilobites,
brachiopods and corals
 The beginning of the
construction of South Carolina
 A very cold time in Earth’s
history: there was a great
extinction due to ice caps in
present-day Africa
 Four main continents:
PaleoMaps used with permission from Christopher Scotese and
Gondwana, Baltica, Siberia
are under copyright of C.R. Scotese, 2002

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 and Laurentia

Silurian Period: Figure 4.

 First land plants appear and land

animals follow
 Laurentia collides with Baltica and
closes Iapetus Sea.
 Coral reefs expand and land plants
begin to colonize barren land.
 First millipede fossils and sea
scorpions (Euryptides) found in this
period
PaleoMaps used with permission from Christopher Scotese and are
under copyright of C.R. Scotese, 2002

Devonian Period:
Figure 5.
 Pre-Pangea forms. Dominant
animal: fish
 Oceans are still freshwater and fish
migrate from southern hemisphere
to North America.
 Present-day Arctic Canada was at
the equator and hardwoods began
to grow.
 Amphibians, evergreens and ferns
appear
 The Acadian Orogeny, leading to
S.C. metamorphism
PaleoMaps used with permission from Christopher Scotese and are
under copyright of C.R. Scotese, 2002

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Mississippian Period:
Figure 6.
 First seed plants appear
 Much of North America is covered by
shallow seas and sea life flourishes
(bryoza, brachipods, blastoids)

PaleoMaps used with permission from Christopher

Scotese and are under copyright of C.R. Scotese, 2002

Pennsylvanian Period:
 Modern North America
begins to form
 Ice covers the southern
hemisphere and coal swamps formed along equator.
PaleoMaps used with permission from Christopher Scotese  Lizards and winged insects first appear.
and are under copyright of C.R. Scotese, 2002

Permian Period:
 Last period of the Paleozoic
 Pangea forms. Reptiles spread across continents.
 The Appalachians rise Figure 7.

 90% of Earth’s species

become extinct due to
volcanism in Siberia. This
marks the end of trilobites,
ammonoids, blastoids, and
most
fish.

PaleoMaps used with permission from Christopher Scotese

and are under copyright of C.R. Scotese, 2002

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RO_Earth Science _Grade 11_Q2_LP 7
Triassic Period:
Figure 7.
 First dinosaurs appear
PaleoMaps used with permission from Christopher Scotese

 First
and are under copyright of C.R. Scotese, 2002
mammals- small
rodents appear
 Life and fauna re-diversify
 Rocky Mountains form.
 First turtle fossil from this
period
 Pangea breaks apart

PaleoMaps used with permission from Christopher Scotese and are under
copyright of C.R. Scotese, 2002

PaleoMaps used with permission from Christopher Scotese

and are under copyright of C.R. Scotese, 2002

PaleoMaps used with permission from Christopher Scotese

and are under copyright of C.R. Scotese, 2002
PaleoMaps used with permission from Christopher Scotese
and are under copyright of C.R. Scotese, 2002

Jurassic Period:
Figure 8.
 Pangea still breaking apart
 Dinosaurs flourish “Golden age
of dinosaurs”
 First birds appear
 North America continues to
rotate away from Africa

PaleoMaps used with permission from Christopher Scotese

and are under copyright of C.R. Scotese, 2002
PaleoMaps used with permission from Christopher Scotese
and are under copyright of C.R. Scotese, 2002

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RO_Earth Science _Grade 11_Q2_LP 7
Cretaceous Period:
Figure 8.
 T-Rex develops
 First snakes and primates
appear
 Deciduous trees and
grasses are common
 First flowering plants
 Mass extinction marks the
end of the Mesozoic Era,
with the demise of dinosaurs
and 25% of all marine life.

PaleoMaps used with permission from Christopher Scotese

and are under copyright of C.R. Scotese, 2002

PaleoMaps used with permission from Christopher Scotese

and are under copyright of C.R. Scotese, 2002

PaleoMaps used with permission from Christopher Scotese

and are under copyright of C.R. Scotese, 2002

PaleoMaps used with permission from Christopher Scotese

and are under copyright of C.R. Scotese, 2002

PaleoMaps used with permission from Christopher Scotese

Tertiary: and are under copyright of C.R. Scotese, 2002

Figure 9.
 First horses appear and
tropical plants dominate
(Paleocene)
 Grasses spread and whales,
rhinos, elephants and other
large mammals develop.
Sea level rises and
limestone deposits form in
S.C. (Eocene)
 Dogs, cats, and apes appear
(Oligocene)
PaleoMaps used with permission from Christopher Scotese
 Horses, mastadons, camels,
and are under copyright of C.R. Scotese, 2002
and tigers roam free in S.C.
(Miocene)
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RO_Earth Science _Grade 11_Q2_LP 7
 Hominids develop and the Grand Canyon forms (Pliocene)

PaleoMaps used with permission from Christopher Scotese

PaleoMaps used with permission from Christopher
and are under copyright of C.R. Scotese, 2002
Scotese and are under copyright of C.R. Scotese,
2002
PaleoMaps used with permission from Christopher Scotese PaleoMaps used with permission from Christopher Scotese
and are under copyright of C.R. Scotese, 2002 and are under copyright of C.R. Scotese, 2002

Quaternary Period: Figure 10.

 Modern humans develop and

ice sheets are predominant- Ice
age (Pleistocene)
 Holocene Humans flourish
(Holocene)

PaleoMaps used with permission from Christopher Scotese

and are under copyright of C.R. Scotese, 2002

PaleoMaps used with permission from Christopher Scotese

and are under copyright of C.R. Scotese, 2002

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ANALYSIS.

GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE

MAJOR GEOLOGICAL
PERIOD REPRESENTATIVE LIFE
EVENTS

Quaternary

Tertiary

Cretaceous

Jurassic

Triassic

Permian

Pennsylvanian

Mississippian

Devonian

Silurian

Ordovician

Cambrian

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RO_Earth Science _Grade 11_Q2_LP 7
II. Answer the following questions.
1. How would you describe the relationship among the units—era, epoch, and period—into
which the geologic time scale is divided?
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_________________________________________________________________________
2. As shown in the geologic time scale, Ages of certain group of species go extinct and
another group emerges. What do you infer will be the next group to dominate the Earth?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
3. Illustrate the vast diversity of life that has been present on Earth over time by using the
geologic time scale. Write your illustration in the box. Output will be rated using the scoring
rubrics on the next page.

IV. Rubrics
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RO_Earth Science _Grade 11_Q2_LP 7
 Criteria 5 4 3
Concept The illustration The illustration The illustration does
shows all the shows the few not show the
timeline stages in timeline stages in timeline stages in
geologic times scale geologic times geologic times
arranged scale. scale.
chronologically.
Cleanliness The illustration is The illustration has The illustration is not
neat and clean few erasures clean
Creativity Markers were used Limited use of No marker used at
to emphasize the markers to all
concept emphasize the
concept
Promptness Submitted on the Submitted 2-3 days Submitted 4-10 days
deadline after the deadline after the deadline

V. ANSWER KEY
Activity 1.
1. 1.43%
2. 4.02%
3. 6.33%
4. 88.22%

Activity 2.
1. Holocene 6. Age of Amphibians
2. Pliocene 7. Paleozoic
3. Oligocene 8. Age of Fishes
4. Cretaceous 9. Jurassic
5. Silurian 10. Cambrian
Set A.
1. C
2. A
3. D
4. B
Set B.
1. History of the Earth covers a vast expanse of time, so scientist divide it into smaller
sections that are associated with particular events that have occurred in the past.
2. Rock layer and index fossil
3. It depends on the events in history of life on earth.
Set C.
1. A
2. C
3. B

Analysis

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RO_Earth Science _Grade 11_Q2_LP 7
 1. Eons are the longest subdivision, based on the abundance of certain fossils. Eras are
next to longest subdivision, marked by major changes in the fossil records. Periods
based on types of life existing at the time, while Epochs are the shortest subdivision,
marked by differences in life forms and can vary from continent to continent.
(ANSWER MAY VARY)
2. The age of fishes. Based from the phenomenon happening on earth such as melting
of polar ice caps, time will come that I will be covered with water again. Only species
capable of living underwater might be the only group to survive in this planet.
(ANSWER MAY VARY)
3. (SEE ATTACHED RUBRICS FOR RATING)
VI. REFLECTION
I have learned that . . . . . . .

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______________________________________________________________

I wish to ask my teacher about . . . . . . .

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References

2005. Geologic Time and Earth’s . South Carolina: Department of natural resources.

REVERENTE, MELMAR. 2020. SLM13G11Q2W7 - Earth Science Module (Geological Time Scale).
MASBATE: DEPED ROV.

Development Team of The Learner’s Packet

Writer: CARL ERNIE S. SALUDAR

Validators: MANUEL F. TEODORO

ELENITA P. FABELLA
FILOMENA R. DELA PEŇA
RECHILDA C. APLACADOR
MADILYN B. POVADORA
NIKKI FAITH A. BANTILLO
CHONELOU JOHN J. LOBERIANO
SERNIM I. LANURIAS
IAN LEO PAULO YANSON
GEROMEL D. MARCOJOS
JESSEL R. DELA PEŇA

Layout artist: CARL ERNIE S. SALUDAR

QA Teams: Helen Z. Cornelio, EPS (Science), Iriga City

Antonio G. Belmonte Jr.
Athina L. Camila
Hector M. Panti

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