CARMEN ACADEMY

ASIA INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE of SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Sayre Highway, Poblacion, Carmen, North Cotabato

SUBJECT: English 8
LESSON: 4th Quarter - Week 1
TOPIC: Grammatical Signals or Signals or Expressions
REFERENCE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wk6vOgX0yPs
TEACHER: Edna B. Acedilla

Grammatical Signals or Signals or Expressions

Have you experienced reading something that was hard to follow, in

which the writer jumped from one idea to another idea and did not have unity
or consistency to connect the words, sentences, and paragraphs?
Let’s define the term first:
1. Grammatical Signals or Signals or Expressions
Are writing devices that serve to maintain text coherence.
They signal the relationship between new sentences and the one
before it.
Are also the important writing devices in text construction.
Are the words that give the readers or the listeners a signal of what
will follow an idea.

Example:
I have to call mom. + It is late at night.
I have to call mom even though it is late at night.
I have to call mom because it is late at night.

2. Idea Development

Is the manner or pattern by which a writer or speaker explains

his/her main idea about a topic in a paragraphs.
Patterns of organization show the relationship between supporting
details in paragraphs, essays, and chapters.
The organization of the supporting details helps you understand how
an author thinks and helps you remember what you read.
These are the four most common pattern of idea development or patterns of
organization:
1. General to particular
2. Claim and counterclaim
3. Problem-solution
4. Cause-effect and others

General to Specific
The method of explaining by starting with a broad (big idea) and
following it with specific (small) ideas in support to the main idea.
Is sometimes called deductive method.

Table 1. GENERAL TO PARTICULAR

Example:

Example/ Illustration Words

Connect a general idea to a particular instance of this idea.
Add emphasis or introduce evidence.
For example, once, to illustrate, such as, specifically, for instance.
Examples:
a. In this garden, you will see many types of flowering plants, such as
rose, daisy, and orchids.
b. During the pandemic, I discovered more hobbies, specifically,
gardening and watching animes.

Addition
Is used to signal addition of ideas, information or reinforce ideas.
And, in addition, furthermore, another, finally, first, also, moreover,
then, likewise, too.
Example:
I miss my favorite outside activities like biking, travelling, and
swimming.
 Is a method of developing a paragraph or a longer composition by
stating (someone else’s) claim, by stating your (the writer) counterclaim
and by following the counterclaim with reasons or evidences to support
the said counterclaim.

Is a statement or declaration of belief, stance, or opinion.

It is an arguable idea used to support or prove an argument.
A claim tells what you think is true about a topic based on your
knowledge and your research.
When you assert that something is true.

Is just the opposite of a claim. It is an idea that opposes or is against

a claim.
Is a statement that provides data to explain why and/ or how a claim
is valid.
Counterclaim are also provable and supportable by reasons and
evidence.
What the opposition or haters might say to refute or take down your
argument.
Reasons and evidence are important in this because they support and
explain the validity of an argument.
Table 2. Claim and Counterclaim
The text presents a significant problem and explains it in detail. Then,
a possible solution is suggested. Sometimes, only the problem is
presented because there is no solution.

Answer the Questions:

What is the problem?

What is a possible solution?

Is a condition that is unwelcome or harmful and that needs to

be resolved or overcome.
 Is an action or a means that is intended to resolve or address a
problem.

Table 3. PROBLEM-SOLUTION
 Cause and effect describes or discusses an event/action that is
caused by another event/action.
There may be a single cause and effect or several causes with
several effects.
Is a pattern of idea development that discusses either the
reason for an occurrence or predicts consequences of an
occurrence.

States why something happens.

It is something or someone that creates an effect, brings about a
result, has a consequence, or is the reason for a condition.

States the result or outcome.

Answers the questions:
1. Why did this happen?
2. What were the results of a particular event?

Table 4. CAUSE-EFFECT
Example:
Rammiel studied hard for his English exam. As a result, he got a
perfect score.
Linsay is losing interest in her academic activities because there is no
one motivating her.
EXERCISE 1

Let’s Analyze!
1. What is going on in the first paragraph?
2. What do we need to know about the reasons for the situation?
3. What is the issue presented in the third paragraph?
4. What should we do about it?
5. What are signal words that help you identify the relationship between
ideas?

EXERCISE 2
Use the correct grammatical signal or expression to show a cause and effect
pattern of an idea. You may choose from the words inside the box.

DUE SINCE ACCORDINGLY AS A RESULT BECAUSE

THIS IS HOW

1. She made one big mistake, ________, she lost her job.
2. He did not complain to the police, ___________, the police take no action.
3. _____________ the bad weather, the match was cancelled.
4. They cannot go to the cinema ___________ it is too late.
5. ____________ you asked nicely, I will let you use my phone.

EXERCISE 3
Direction: Connect the statements in column A with the statements in column
B to show a problem-solution pattern of an idea. Identify the grammatical
signal or expressions found in each statements before the number.

A B
EXERCISE 4

Directions
A.
Describe the picture expressing a problem-solution pattern of an idea.
Do not forget to use grammatical signals or expressions to make the
idea comprehensible.

B.
Describe the picture expressing a cause-and effect pattern of an idea.
Do not forget to use grammatical signals or expressions to make the
idea comprehensible.

EXERCISE 5
Direction: Circle the grammatical signals found in each pattern of an idea.
Identify what pattern of the idea (Cause and Effect or Problem- Solution) is
expressed in each statement. Write your answers in the space provided before
the number.

___________________1. Dad lit the grill because we all wanted to eat

hamburgers.
___________________2. I spilled my milk during lunch, so I used paper towels
to clean it up.
__________________3. Tim forgot his Math book, so he was not able to finish
his work.
__________________4. A hungry bird lands close to a chrysalis, as a result the
pupa wiggles the chrysalis to scare away predators.
__________________5. Air pollution will get worse, unless the government
officials will strictly enforce the Clean Air Act.

REFLECTION: E-JOURNAL
Hello, young explorers! You have just finished your wonderful journey
of lesson 1. It is time for you to write your reflection in your notebook by
finishing up the unfinished statements below.

I have learned that

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
I have realized that
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
I will apply
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________