A  (Kc  K a ) ------------------------ Eqn 1

Y 
E  (K y  K c )

V  AY C ------------------------ Eqn 2

A  Ka  Y  K y  C  Kc ------------------------ Eqn 3
Kv 
V

km or k  SG w ------------------------ Eqn 4
Ka  Ka 
1000 1000 (Metric)

km or k  SG w ------------------------ Eqn 5
Ky  Ky 
1000 1000 (Metric)

350  k  SG w
Ka  ------------------------ Eqn 6
1000000
(USC)
350  k  SGw
Ky  ------------------------ Eqn 7
1000000
(USC)
Qo  X a
A ------------------------ Eqn 8
1 X a

Qo  X c ------------------------ Eqn 9
C
1 X c

Z  (1  X c ) ------------------------ Eqn 10
Kc 
Xc (Metric)

Z  (1  X c ) ------------------------ Eqn 11
Kc  (USC)
1000  X c
where:
A= inlet water flow rate in oil, m3/h (BPD)
E= mixing efficiency
Ka = salinity of inlet water in oil, kg/m3 (lb/bbl)
Kc = salinity of outlet water in oil, kg/m3 (lb/bbl)
Ky = dilution water salinity, kg/m3 (lb/bbl)
Y= dilution water flow rate, m3/h (BPD)
C= flow rate of residual water in the outlet oil, m3/h (BPD)
V= disposal water flow rate, m3/h (BPD)
Kv = disposal water salinity, kg/m3 (lb/bbl)
km = salinity, mg/l
k= salinity, ppm
SGw = water specific gravity, dimensionless
Q0 = oil flow rate, m3/h (BPD)
Xa = inlet water cut, expressed as fraction
Xc = outlet water cut, expressed as fraction
Z= oil salt content, kg/m3 (PTB)

USC units
Inputs
Oil flow Rate, Qo = 25,000 BPD
Inlet Water Cut, Xa = 6%
Salinity of inlet water in oil, Ka = 50,000 ppm
Dilution Water Salinity, Ky = 1,000 ppm
Outlet Water Cut, Xc = 0.5 %
Mixing Efficiency, E = 80 %
Oil Salt content, Z = 10 PTB
Water specific gravity, SGw = 1.07

Calculations
Xa as fraction = 0.06
Xc as fraction = 0.005
Mixing Efficiency Z as fraction = 0.8
Ka = 18.725 lb/bbl
Ky = 0.3745 lb/bbl
A= 1,596 BPD
C= 125.6 BPD
Kc = 1.99 lb/bbl
Y= 20,662.9 BPD
V= 22,133 BPD
Kv = 1.69 lb/bbl
Quality of Dilution Water
1. pH of the dilutionwater should be between 6.5 to 8.5
2. Oxygen content of dilution water should be less than 0.02 ppm
3. Fluorides to be < 1 ppm in dilution water.
4. Ammonia content of dilution water to be < 200 ppm.

Prepared by: Ankur Srivastava

Chemical Engineer
ankurcheme@gmail.com