Q2.

L1: introduction
to life science
 i.
Learning competencies (melcs)
• Explain the evolving concept of life based on emerging
pieces of evidence.
• Describe classic experiments that model conditions which
may have enabled the first forms to evolve.
 Topics to be discussed:
1. Introduction to Life Science
2. Common Characteristics of Life
Forms
3. Levels of Biological Hierarchy
4. Levels of Classification

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 L1.
Introduction to life science
WHA
T ISBiology?!
study of life and living organisms, including their
physical structure, chemical processes, molecular
interactions, physiological mechanisms,
development and evolution.

……OR SIMPLY
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THE
 BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY
SOME
EXAMPLES OF
THE
‐ ZOOLOGY STUDY OF
ANIMALS.
‐ BOTANY STUDY
OF
PLANTS.
‐ PALEONTOLOGY STUDY OF LIFE THAT
EXISTED PRIOR TO.
‐ BACTERIOLOGY STUDY OF
BACTERIA.
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 BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY
SOME
EXAMPLES OF
THE

‐ CYTOLOGY STUDY
OF
CELL. OF
‐ ENTOMOLOGY STUDY
INSECTS.
‐ ICHTHYOLOGY STUDY
OF FISH.
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 Fossils
WHAT
ARE ?
a remnant of plant, animal or
other organism that may have
been replaced by rock
material or left imprinted on a
sedimentary rock.
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…MicrofossilS?
 THE COMMON CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE FORMS

HOMEOS-T
REPRODUCTION METABOLISM ADAPTATION
ASIS

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 ATOMS
MOLECULES
.
ORGANELLES
LEV
BIOLOGICAL
CELL
TISSUE
ORGAN
ELS ORGAN SYSTEM

HIERARCHY
ORGANISM
POPULATION
OF COMMUNITY
ECOSYSTEM
BIOMES
BIOSPHERE

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 CLASSIFICATIONS
LEV
ELS
Domain
Kingdom
OF
Phylum
Class

Order
Family

Genus
Species
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 CLASSIFICATIONS
LEV
ELS
OF BACTERIA LARGE DOMAIN OF
PROKARYOTIC ORGANISM

SOME ARE SINGLE CELLULAR

DOMAIN ARCHAE BUT SOME ARE
MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS.

LARGE DOMAIN OF
EUKARYOTES EUKARYOTIC ORGANISM

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 CLASSIFICATIONS
LEV
ELS KINGDOM
MONERA OF
PLANTAE PROTISTA ANIMALIA FUNGI

that contains
unicellular organisms
mainly multicellular is any eukaryotic variety of organisms
with a prokaryotic cell
organisms, organism that is constitutes all such as
organization (having
not an animal, animalsmulticel mushrooms, yeast,
no nuclear predominantly
plant, or fungus. lular organism and mold, made up
membrane), such as photosynthetic
of feathery
bacteria eukaryotes filaments called
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hyphae
 CLASSIFICATIONS
LEV
ELS PHYLUM
Phylum Porifera
OF
Porifera means organisms with holes. They
are commonly known as Sponges. Features
of the poriferan are:

• Non-motile, multicellular organisms

with the hard outer skeleton.
• Have a porous body.
• Pores on the bodies create a canal
system which helps in the
circulation of substances.
• Not differentiated into head and tail;
do not have a well-developed
organ or organ system.
• Include marine habitat.
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 CLASSIFICATIONS
LEV
ELS PHYLUM
OF
Phylum Nematoda
Phylum Nematoda consists of
nematodes or roundworms. Their
features are:
• Nematodes have a cylindrical
body.
• Bilaterally symmetrical and
triploblastic.
• Have pseudocoelom, a false
body cavity.
• Parasitic and causes diseases
such as elephantiasis,
ascariasis.
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 CLASSIFICATIONS
LEV
ELS PHYLUM
Phylum Annelida
OF
Annelids are commonly known
as segmented or ringed worms.
They have the following
features:
• Have a segmented cylindrical body.
• The body is differentiated into head and
tail.
• Bilaterally symmetrical and triploblastic.
• Have a true body cavity.
• Habitat: marine, freshwater, and land.

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 CLASSIFICATIONS
LEV
ELS PHYLUM
Phylum Arthropoda
OF
Arthropod means jointed legs. Animals
which have jointed appendages belong
to this phylum. This is the largest
phylum in the animal kingdom. Other
features are:
They are bilaterally symmetrical.
Have jointed appendages, exoskeleton,
and a segmented body.
Have well-differentiated organ and organ
system.
Have an open circulatory system, but do
not have differentiated blood vessels. 17
 CLASSIFICATIONS
LEV
ELS PHYLUM
OF
Phylum Mollusca
Phylum Mollusca consists of a
large group of animals. Features
are:
• Bilaterally symmetrical and
triploblastic.
• Less segmented body.
• Well-developed organ and
organ system.
• Typically, open circulatory
system.
• Limbs are present.
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 CLASSIFICATIONS
LEV
ELS PHYLUM
Phylum OF
Echinodermata
The term Echinodermata is derived from
the Greek words, echinos meaning
hedgehog and derma meaning skin.
Thus, echinoderms are spiny-skinned
animals.

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 CLASSIFICATIONS
LEV
ELS PHYLUM
OF
Phylum Chordata
The Chordates possess the following
characteristics:
• They are bilaterally
symmetrical, triploblastic with
an organ-system level of
classification.
• They possess a notochord and
a nerve cord.
• The circulatory system is
closed type.

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 CLASSIFICATIONS
LEV
ELS CLASS
OF
MAMALIA INSECTA

ARACHNIDA
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 CLASSIFICATIONS
LEV
ELS ORDER
OF

PRIMATES 22
CARNIVORA
 CLASSIFICATIONS
LEV
ELS FAMILY
Felidae
OF Canidae

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 CLASSIFICATIONS
LEV
ELS GENUS AND SPICIES

OF

Felis catus Gallus gallus

Canis familiaris domesticus
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 CLASSIFICATIONS
Taxonomic Hierarchy Example

Brown Bear House Cat Dog Killer Whale Wolf Tarantula

Domain Eukarya Eukarya Eukarya Eukarya Eukarya Eukarya

Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia

Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata Arthropoda

Class Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Arachnida

Order Carnivora Carnivora Carnivora Cetacea Carnivora Araneae

Family Ursidae Felidae Canidae Delphinidae Canidae Theraphosida

e
LEV
ELS

Genus Ursus Felis Canis Orcinus Canis Theraphosa

OF

Species Ursus arctos Felis catus Canis Orcinus orca Canis lupus Theraphosa
familiaris blondi
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‐ DREAM
‐ KONG
‐ PUMASA
‐ CUZ
‐ OUR
‐ FAMILY
‐ GETS
‐ SWELDO
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