Sample Question Paper 15 191

15

Physics
Class 10th
1. (i) (c) Centre of gravity is a point at which entire (xi) (b) Given, emf of battery (E) = 9V
weight of the body can be supposed to be Internal resistance (r) =12 Ω
concentrated. Current (I) = 50 mA = 50 × 10−3 A
(ii) (d) Solar cells uses sunlight (solar energy) and
Potential difference across its terminals = E − Ir
convert this energy into elecrical energy.
(iii) (d) The sum of kinetic and potential energies of an = 9 − (50 × 10−3 × 12)
oscillating pendulum remain constant throughout = 9 − 0.6 = 8.4 V
the motion. (xii) (c) Power circuits are designed for operating heavy
(iv) (c) Co-60 is used to cure cancer and detect brain load consuming appliances, so the capacity of fuse
tumour. used is 15 A.
t sin(i − r) (xiii) (a)On reversing the direction of current in a wire,
(v) (b) We know that, d =
cos r the magnetic field produced by it get reversed
Thus, if angle of incidence increases, then lateral according to right hand thumb rule.
displacement also increases. (xiv) (c) At 0K (absolute temperature), all molecular
(vi) (d) The deviation produced by the prism does not motion ceases. They have zero thermal energy.
depend on the size of prism. (xv) (d) Latent heat of fusion of ice is 3.36 × 105 Jkg −1.
(vii) (c) Given, angle of incidence (i) = 48°
2. (i) (a) A pulley in practical life, can never be
Prism angle (A) = 60° frictionless. Therefore, it can never have 100%
We know that, δ min = (2i − A) efficiency.
= 2 × 48°−60° (b) Nuclear energy is the energy released during the
= 96°−60° = 36° transformation of nuclei to another nuclei.
(viii) (a) Given, focal length ( f ) =10 cm (c) I. Radioactive tracers are used to check the
underground pipelines.
Object distance (u) = −15 cm
1 1 1 II. γ-rays emitted by 60Co27 are used to kill the
From lens formula we have, = − cells in malignant tumour of patient.
f v u
1 1 1 (ii) Given, mass of the girl, m = 40 kg,
⇒ = − Number of skips, n =10, h = 8 cm = 0.08 m,
10 v −15
1 1 1 Mass of the thief, M = 60 kg
⇒ − = Work done by the girl in n skips = n × mgh
10 15 v
1 3− 2 1 1
⇒ = = Kinetic energy of the thief = Mv 2
v 30 30 2
⇒ v = 30 cm According to the question,
1
Magnification = =
v 30
=2 n × mgh = Mv 2
u 15 2
(ix) (c) The sensation of sound persists in our brain for 2n × mgh
⇒ v=
about 01. s. M
(x) (a) Intensity of sound is defined as the sound 2 × 10 × 40 × 10 × 0.08
=
energy passing per second through a unit area 60
perpendicular to it.
= 3.27 m/s
 (iii) d1 d2 1 1 1
We have, − − =−
5cm 30cm 50cm u 10 20
F 1 1 1 1
0 cm 100 cm or =+ − =−
u 20 10 20
40 gf Mgf or u = − 20 cm
At 50 cm, Thus, the object is placed at 20 cm from the concave
lens.
Mass of meter scale = Mgf
(ii) R2 and R3 are in series. Thus for this combination
Now, F1d1 = F2d 2
R′ = R1 + R2
(40gf )(30 − 5) = F2(50 − 30)
Similarly R4 and R5 are in series
⇒ F2 = 50 gf
So, R′′ = R3 + R4
⇒ F2 = 50 × 9.8 × 10−3 N
Q R′ and R′′ are in parallel
= 0.49 N R′ R′′ (R + R2)(R3 + R4)
Also, F2 = mg R′′′ = = 1
R′ + R′′ R1 + R2 + R3 + R4
⇒ 0.49 = m × 9.8
(iii) Heat, Q = mL
0.49
⇒ m= 4.5
9.8 ⇒ 10125 = ×L
1000
⇒ m = 0.05 kg
where, specific latent heat of steam
(iv) We know that, gravitational force between two 10125 × 1000
Gm1m2 ⇒ L=
bodies is given as F = 4.5
r2
= 225 × 10000 J/kg
where, m1 and m2 are masses of two bodies and r is
the distance between them. = 2.25 × 106 J/kg
r (iv) (a) No, because it will not cause any change in the
Thus, new distance between them is equal to .
3 magnetic field lines due to earth.
Gm1m2 Gm m (b) Yes, because in this position, the wire will cut
⇒ F′ = = 9 12 2 = 9F
2 magnetic field lines due to horizontal
 r r
  component of earth’s magnetic field.
 3
11Na →12 Mg + −1β
24 24 0
(v) (a)
Hence, gravitational force between them will
increased by a factor of 9. (b) 92U
238
→ 90Th 234 + 2He4 (α-particle)+ Energy
(v) (a) At the point of intersection of the diagonals.
4. (i) (a) The phenomenon of splitting of white light into
 h
(b) At a height   from the base on its axis. its constituent colours, when it passes through a
 3 prism is called dispersion.
(vi) (a) The colour coding of wires in a cable are as (b) A natural spectrum (band of colours) formed by
dispersion appearing in the sky after a rain
Wires Colour New Convention shower is called rainbow. It is caused by
dispersion of sunlight by tiny water droplets
Live Brown present in the atmosphere. It is always formed
in a direction opposite to that of the sun. The
Neutral Light blue
water droplets act like small prisms. They
Earth Green or Yellow refract and disperse the incident sunlight, then
it is reflected internally and finally refract it
(b) Metallic body of an electrical appliance is again when it comes out of the raindrop. Due to
earthed. dispersion of light and internal reflection
different colours reach the observer's eye.
(vii) (a) SONAR consists of two parts
(ii) (a) A prism having an angle of 90° between its two
I.A transmitter (for emitting ultrasonic waves)
refracting surfaces and the other two angles
II. A receiver (for detecting ultrasonic waves) each equal to 45°, is known as total reflecting
(b) Free vibrations prism. It is because the light incident normally
on any of its faces, suffers total internal
3. (i) Given, f = − 20 cm (sign convention), v = −10 cm
reflection inside the prism.
(Q image formed by concave lens is virtual)
(b) Given below are the three actions produced by
1 1 1
By using lens formula, − = it, i.e.,
v u f
I. It can deviate a ray of light through 180°.
 II. It can erect the image (inverted) without (ii) (a) The orderly arrangement of electromagnetic
producing deviation in its path. waves in increasing or decreasing order of
III.It can deviate a ray of light through 90°. wavelength (λ) or frequency (ν) is called
(c) electromagnetic spectrum.
M
(b) Uses of ultraviolet rays are given below
N I. These are used in burglar alarm.
C
II. These are used in checking mineral sample.
45°
Appears 45° (c) Given, frequency, ν = 4 × 1014 Hz
like mirror
Wavelength, λ = 500 nm = 5 × 10−7 m
45° N1
45° M1 As, speed of EM wave, v = λ × ν
= 5 × 10−7 × 4 × 1014 = 2 × 108 m/s
° (iii) (a) Yes, a lens can form a complete image but of less
45
45

90°
45

45°
°
°

D E intensity and brightness.

Appears Ray diagram is given below
like mirror
A
(iii) (a) Given, shift = 4.0 cm
F2
4 B′ 2F2
Refractive index, µ = , Real depth = ? B 2F1 F1 O
3 A′
 1
∴ Shift = Real depth × 1 −  10 cm
 µ 20 cm
30 cm
 1
 
4 = Real depth × 1 − 4 
(b) Two uses of concave lens are as
⇒
  I. Opticians uses concave lenses to correct
 3 nearsightedness.
 3 II. Concave lenses are used in flashlight to
⇒ 4 = Real depth × 1 − 
 4 spread the light produced by the bulb.
1 6. (i) (a) Static Equilibrium A body is said to be in
⇒ 4 = Real depth ×
4 static (or stable) equilibrium, if it has a
⇒ Real depth =16 cm tendency to return to its original position, after
being slightly disturbed from its equilibrium
(b) The lateral displacement depends upon the
position.
following factors
(b) Given, η = 95%,
I. thickness of the glass block,
VR = 4 (as the system has 4 pulleys)
II. angle of incidence and
MA
III. refractive index of glass. I. Since, η=
VR
(c) If the value of angle of incidence increases, then
95
there is a corresponding decrease in the angle of ∴ MA = η × VR = × 4 = 3.8
deviation. For a particular value of angle of 100
incidence, the angle of deviation becomes Load
II. Also, MA =
minimum after which it starts rising with Effort
further increase in the value of angle of Load 1000
⇒ Effort = = = 263.15 N
incidence. MA 3.8
5. (i) (a) When an object is placed between the optical (ii) Let D is the position where the scale is hanged with
centre and the principal focus of a concave lens, the string, so that the meter scale and various
then virtual and diminished image of object is masses are balanced.
formed.
(b) Ray diagram
F E G
B′ A 10cm 20cm x 90cm 100cm
B O
C D B
Principal
f A A′ O
axis

Concave lens 20 g 60 g
30 g 80 g
where, f = principal focus
Since, the meter scale is balanced.
and O = optical centre of lens.
 ∴ Sum of the clockwise moments must be equal to also take different material and different refracting
the sum of anti-clockwise moments. angles prisms).
Taking moments about D, we get X C E
B
80 × GD = 20 × FD + 30 × ED + 60 × CD M
White
R Red R light
or 80 × (40 − x) = 20 × (40 + x) + 30 × (30 + x) + 60 x ht M′ W
White lig
⇒ 3200 − 80 x = 800 + 20 x + 900 + 30 x + 60 x S
V V
N Violet
⇒ 1500 = 190 x N′
Y Z A
1500
⇒ x= = 7.9 cm
190 Both prisms are placed inverted as shown in the
Hence, the string must be tied at (50 + 7.9) = 57.9 cm figure above. When a ray of white light passes
to maintain balance of meter scale. through prism XYZ, the emergent rays MM′ and
(iii) (a) Mass of the box, m = 50 kg NN′ bends towards the base YZ of prism XYZ with
colour red or violet respectively and form the band
For the first man of seven colours between red and violet rays. The
Height, h = 2 m seven colours enter into prism ABC and bends
Time, t1 = 2 min = 2 × 60 =120 s towards base BC of prism.
For the second man Since, µ V > µ R , so violet N ′ W ray bends the most
Height, h = 2 m and M ′ W (red) bends the least and overall colours
Time, t = 5min = 5 × 60 = 300 s. meet at W and emerges out as a white light WE as
Let work done by the first man be W. shown in the figure.
Since,W = mgh, 8. (i) We know that, power input, P = VI
Therefore, the work done by the second man is the P
Thus, current, I =
same as that for the first man. V
∴ W1 : W2 = 1 :1 When heating is at the maximum rate,
(b) Let power developed by the first man = P1 640 W
I= = 2.90 A
Q W = mgh = 50 × 10 × 2 =1000J 220 V
W 1000 25
⇒ P1 = = = [Q t1 = 2 min =120 s] and the resistance of the electric iron is
t1 120 3 V 220 V
R= = = 75.86 Ω
Now, assume that the power developed by the I 2.90 A
second man = P2. When heating is at the minimum rate,
Therefore, power, 260 W
W 1000 10 I= =1 .18 A
P2 = = = [Qt2 = 5 min = 300s] 220 V
t2 300 3
and the resistance of the electric iron is
P1 25 10 25 3 5
∴ = ÷ = × = R= =
V 220 V
= 186.44 Ω
P2 3 3 3 10 2 I 1.18 A
⇒ P1 : P2 = 5 : 2 (ii) Given, for the nucleus P , A =16, Z = 8
7. (i) (a) For hearing echoes, there should be least (a) Mass number, (A) = Number of protons +
distance of 17m between source of sound. Since, Number of neutrons
in small rooms, distance is usually less than Q Atomic number (Z) = Number of protons
17 m, hence echoes cannot be heard.
∴ Number of neutrons = A − Z = 16 − 8 = 8
(b) I. Sound will be produced when we hit harder
(b) I. After the loss of proton the mass number and
on the rod by the hammer.
atomic number of the nucleus 16 8 P will
II. Amplitude of vibrating body is responsible
for change in sound. decrease by 1. The new nucleus will 15
7 Q (say).
16 15
(ii) (a) The symbolic equation of this process is The nucleus 8 P changes to 7 Q (say) as
11Na
24
→ 12 Mg 24
+ −1 e 0 follow
8 P → 7 Q + 1p
16 15 1
(b) 24 is the mass number and 11 is the atomic
number. II. After the loss of one β-particle, the mass
24
(c) 11 Na and 12 Mg 24 are isobars. number will remain the same but the atomic
number will increase by 1.
(iii) First of all, take two prisms XYZ and ABC of same The nucleus 16 16
8 P change to 9 R (say) as follow

8 P → 9 R +
16 16 0
material and same refracting angles (here, we can −1e
 (iii) (a) Schematic diagram of maincirucit is shown As we know, latent heat of steam is 540 cal/g.
below So, it requires much longer time to boil off water
Double pole switch or than bring it to its boiling point from room
main switch L temperature.

To distribution
N
kWh meter E (ii) (a) Since, water has the highest specific heat
From city substation

board
capacity of 4.2 Jg −1 °C −1. Therefore, water
Main
fuse absorbs large amount of heat from the roads but
E L its own temperature does not rise much. Due to
E N
N this the road gets cooled.
L (b) I. Water is used in cold countries as heat
Company fuse Local
earthing reservoir for wire and juice bottles to prevent
or pole fuse
their freezing. This is because of its high
(b) Conductivity is defined as the reciprocal of specific heat capacity. So, it imparts a large
resistivity of a conductor. Its SI unit is mho per amount of heat before reaching to freezing
metre (Ω −1m−1) or siemen per metre (S/m). It is temperature, hence due to this bottles kept in
expressed as water remain warm and do not get freeze
1 even when there is a considerable decrease in
σ= surounding temperature.
ρ
II. In car radiator water is used as coolant. This is
(c) Neutral and the earth wires are at the same
because it can absorb a large amount of heat
potential, because the earth wire and neutral
energy from the engine of a car but itself does
wire are connected together.
not rise to very high temperature.
9. (i) (a) The temperature-time graph of naphthalene (iii) (a) I. The galvanometer shows a deflection which
showing this cooling is shown below means current is induced in the coil. Current
is induced in the coil due to the relative
Freezing point
motion between coil and magnet.
100
A II. The galvanometer shows a deflection in
Change of state
Temperature (°C)

80 opposite direction which means current is

B (Solidification) C
Temperature of induced in opposite direction. This is
60 solid is decreasing because, in this case, the direction of motion
40 of bar magnet is in the opposite direction
A B w.r.t. coil.
20 D
III.There is no deflection in galvanometer as no
0 current is induced in the coil. There is no
Time (s)
relative motion between coil and current, so
(b) Amount of heat required to bring water of its no current will be induced in the coil.
boiling point = MS (100 − 25) = 75 M cal
IV. Electromagnetic induction.
(as S =1 cal/g°C for water)