PROJECT & MINI RESEARCH

ENGLISH GRAMMAR
Prof. Dr. Sumarsih, M. Pd.

“Analysis Results from Routine Tasks”

Arranged by: Group 5

Members :

- Hari Mukti Manullang 2223121078

- Winny Melilita Lubis 2222121003
- Maulidea Karimah 22221121008
- Clarissa Friendika Sagala 2223121054
- Deviany Valeria Gultom 2223321056

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2022
 PREFACE

Praise and gratitude we pray to God Almighty for His blessings and gifts, so the
writing of this paper can be completed. The Project & mini Research is about “ Analysis
Results from Routine Tasks ”
We compiled this Project & mini Research wi to be an English Grammar course
assignment and insight as well as an understanding of the material. We hope that after the
completion of this Project writing, we will understand more about how to write a good and
correct Project.
On the other hand, we have gained valuable experience and knowledge in the
preparation of this Project writing. We are very grateful to all those who have helped in the
completion of this Project, especially to the lecturer in charge of this course, Prof. Dr.
Sumarsih, M. Pd. and a group of friends We is students of English Education Class A 2022.
This assignment is the one of English tasks that are composed of a Project on teaching
English as a Foreign Language subject. We realize that the preparation of this Project is still
very far from perfection, therefore we really hope for criticism and suggestions as well as
guidance from the lecturers for improvement in the future, we hope this Project paper is
useful for all. Hopefully, the writers as a student at the State University of Medan can work
more professionally, especially in Teaching English as a Foreign Language. Thank
you.

Medan, November 24th 2022

TABLE OF CONTENT

PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
TABLE OF CONTENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
Background of Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Objectives of the research. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Limitations of the study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

CHAPTER II PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

The Definition of Grammar 4

The general problem of Grammar in Routine Task . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Identification of the problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

CHAPTER III DATA ANALYSIS AND SOLUTION

Data Analysis and Solution of grammar problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Discussion of grammar problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

CHAPTER IV RESULT
Result of Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Conclusion of the research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

Background of Study
Language is very important for someone to communicate with others. Communities
need to communicate to understand each other. Therefore, languages are essential for life.
Without language, it is impossible to communicate within society. On the other hand,
language as a system of communication enables humans to cooperate. At the same time
language is a part of the culture of a community. Humans use language as a way of signaling
identity with one cultural group and difference from others.
In University, students still learn English even though they don’t take English as their
major. 8 out of 10 students said that their main problem in speaking English is grammatical
mistakes. . In this case, they have to think about the grammar before they speak or write
something. Unfortunately, many students are not good enough at grammar skills. The
students consider that understanding grammar is one of the most difficult skills because they
are demanded to express their ideas in good-structure English appropriately. It means that in
teaching students, teachers/lecturers need to be creative in correlating the main topic to the
real situation and students can learn the linguistic features automatically.
To be able to communicate with other people, we should master grammar because
grammar shows us how the world works, and how we can arrange words so that the listener
can understand what we mean. The aim of we learns English is can speak English well with
all of its aspects/forms such as how we use the tense, preposition, content words, phrases, and
so on.

Objectives of the research

Based on the formulation above, the objectives of this research are to describe the
efforts of using text to improve the grammar skill of English Education students in the state
university of Medan and to investigate whether the students’ grammar skill improves
significantly through making a simple text.

Limitations of the study

To simplify this study, the writer gives limitations as follows:
a) The study is focused on the use of text as media to improve and measure students’
proficiency in grammar comprehension.
b) The study will be done only with English Education students at the State University of
Medan
 CHAPTER II
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

The Definition of Grammar

grammar (noun): the structure and system of a language, or languages in general,
usually considered to consist of syntax and morphology
Grammar is the system of a language. People sometimes describe grammar as the
"rules" of a language, but in fact, no language has rules. If we use the word "rules", we
suggest that somebody created the rules first and then spoke the language, like a new game.
But languages did not start like that. Languages started by people making sounds which
evolved into words, phrases, and sentences. No commonly-spoken language is fixed. All
languages change over time. What we call "grammar" is simply a reflection of a language at a
particular time.

The General Problem of using Grammar In Routine Task

Almost all students in many countries especially non-English speakers feel difficulty
and have problems with their English skills specifically Grammar skills. Some of the students
think that grammar is difficult because there are so many rules in making words, phrases,
clauses, and sentences. They also feel difficult because grammar makes people think twice to
speak to avoid errors when they are speaking as well as writing something.

Identification of the Problem

According to the research that the writer has done, it can be concluded several reasons
why students think that English grammar is difficult.
1. They are confused because English has a very complicated structure. Students fell
difficult to memorize it because there are so many things we should know. It can
be a preposition, conjunction, tense, phrase, or clause so it can make the students
confused about which one they will use.
2. The students feel difficulty because English has a variety of words built by the
same base words. For example, close, closed, closer, to close, closing, closest,
where all these words have a different meanings.
3. They think it’s difficult because in speaking, they are afraid the make some
grammatical errors because it fills affects the conversation. As we know in tenses,
the time of the context being discussed is always different, it can be now, past, or
even future, so the use of the structure is always different.
4. There are so many words that have the same form but some particular word, it is
not relevant. Example: pianist, guitarist, vocalist, but we can not say drummer, but
the drummer. Not only that, but they also often can’t differentiate some of the
content words, and how to use them. Example, act, action, active, actively.
5. Next is, pronunciation. There are so many kinds of words in English that have
different meaning, and different spelling but has similar pronunciation. For
Example, see the sea. Or they can’t differ some kind of words, for example, she,
see, sea, thing, think, bye, bye, etc.
 CHAPTER III
DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

Data Analysis And Solution of grammar problem

Routine Tasks Number 1
Data Analysis
in Winny's sentence writing "direct and indirect sentences" no errors. Everything is in
accordance with the rules for making direct and indirect sentences. in indirect and indirect
sentences using the word "if" to everything is correct .and in the part of "used to", There are
some mistakes, the first one at
The First in the sentence no 1 "When I was a child, I used to playing with my friends in the
evening"
The mistake lies in the verb sentence "playing"
The second is in sentence no. 2 "When I first go to Korea, I can't eat with chopsticks – but
now I’m used to it."
The mistake that lies in sentence number two is the same as sentence number one, namely in
the sentence the verb "go".
And the last one is in sentence no 3 "We‘re used to doing many homework "
sentences on “many” wrongs.
In writing, sentences using too, and enough there is one mistake in sentence no 8 " I haven't
practiced drawing enough, so my drawing isn't very good recently".
The writing error there is in the sentence recently.

Solution

After I analyzed the writing task that was made by Winny, I found some errors. then I
will provide a solution to correct the wrong sentence made by Winny, then I will fix some
mistakes in writing sentences made by Winny.

“When I was a child, I used to play with my friends in the evening”

Correct sentence: “ When I was a child, I used to play with my friends in the
evening”
“When I first go to Korea, I can't eat with chopsticks – but now I’m used to it.”
Correct sentences: “ When I first went to Korea, I couldn't eat chopsticks – but now
I'm used to it.”

“we're used to doing many homework – we do it every day.”

Correct sentences: “we're used to doing lots of homework – we do it every day.”

“ I haven't practiced drawing enough, so my drawing isn't very good recently.”

Correct sentence: “ I haven't practiced drawing enough, so my drawing isn't very
good recently.”

Routine Tasks Number 2

Data Analysis
From the analysis that I have done from deviany's routine assignments, I found that in terms
of the use of grammar and word choice it was good but I also found some shortcomings,
namely
1. Each sentence must end with a period, but here Devi is inconsistent in always ending her
sentence with a period.
2. Writing the words mom and dad in the middle of a sentence here is written in capital letters
but should use non-capital letters.
3. Writing words for places such as Hospital, Supermarket, etc. here is written using non-
capital letters even though they should use capital letters.
4. The important points of the task with the description of the answers have spaces or spaces
that are too tight so that those who see it are difficult to know which are the questions and
which are the answers.

Solution

The solution I can give is that in the future Devi should pay more attention to the
distance between the questions and the descriptions of the answers so that they look neater
and also pay more attention to the use of capital letters and full stops or commas in writing.
Routine Tasks Number 3

Data Analysis
In this writing Maulidea made 5 sentences for each common verb. For the first verb is
Decide. In this verb Maulidea made sentences from various tenses. The tenses used by
Maulidea in these sentences are Past tense and Present continuous tense. The error that I can
analyze from these sentences is in the fourth sentence: "The lawyer is deciding the prisoner
guilty". In that sentence there is a grammatical error, namely there is no auxiliary verb before
the word guilty and also there is no infinitive in this sentence. The next error is a punctuation
error, the sentence is not using capital letters at the beginning of the sentence and the name of
the city and there is no full stop at the end of the sentence.

In the second verb is Help. In this verb Maulidea made sentences using the Present
Tense. From my analysis there are no grammatical errors in the sentences. But there is a
punctuation error as before, namely there are some sentences that do not use capital letters at
the beginning of the sentence. In the third verb is Hope. In this verb I do not find any
grammatical errors in the sentences. But in these sentences, Maulidea did not make sentences
according to the predetermined formula. The formula is: Verbs + Infinitive. Maulidea did
not use the Infinitive after the verb Hope. "I hope we can see you next year".

The fourth verb is Hope + (negative). In this verb also there are no grammatical error
in the sentences. But in the third sentence: “He hopes the book arrives tomorrow”
Maulidea does not follow the predetermined formula. It should be after the word Hope
Maulidea add a negative verb. The fifth verb is Learn. In this verb there are two sentences
that have errors. In the first sentence: "I'm learning cook local food". The error in this
sentence is that there is no infinitive after the verb learning. Then in the third sentence: "He is
studying for this week's test". The error in this sentence should be using the verb Learning
instead of Studying, and also there is no infinitive in this sentence.

The sixth verb is Learn + how. In this verb Maulidea has made a sentence according
to a predetermined formula. I also did not find any grammatical errors in these sentences. The
seventh verb is Need. Just like before, in this verb there are also no grammatical errors in the
sentences and it has followed the formula. And the last verb is Pretend. In this verb, the
sentences made follow the formula. But I found 4 sentences that have grammatical errors. In
the first sentence: "He pretends to be unconscious so he didn't take sports lessons". This
sentence uses the present tense. But in the sentence there is the word didn't which is the past
tense. In the second sentence: "He pretends to be full, so he didn't eat anymore". The
sentence is also the same as before, that the tenses used are present tense but there is the word
didn't which is the past tense. In the third sentence: "She pretends to sleep so that he didn't
sent to the market". The error of this sentence is also same as before, that the tenses used are
present tense but there is the word didn't which is the past tense. Then the sent verb should
use the verb one because it uses the present tense. And after the verb sent must include the
object is her so that the sentence makes sense. Finally the fourth sentence: "They pretends
to be tired that's why they don't work anymore". In this sentence there is an error that the
word pretends in the sentence should not end in s because the pronoun they is not a third
person pronoun.

Solution
After I analyzed the errors contained in the writings made by Maulidea. Then I will
provide a solution by providing the correct sentence. Here are the fixes I can give:
 The lawyer is deciding the prisoner guilty.
Correct Sentence : The lawyer is deciding to (infinitive) the prisoner is (to be) guilty .
 I hope we can see you next year.
Correct Sentence : I hope to (infinitive) see you next year.
 He hopes the book arrives tomorrow.
Correct Sentence : He hopes the book doesn’t arrive (negative verb) tomorrow.
 I'm learning cook local food.
Correct Sentence : I'm learning to (infinitive) cook local food.
 He is studying for this week's test.
Correct Sentence : He is learning (common verb) for this week's test.
 He pretends to be unconscious so he didn't take sports lessons.
Correct Sentence : He pretends to be unconscious, so he doesn’t (present tense) take
sports lessons.
 He pretends to be full, so he didn't eat anymore.
Correct Sentence : He pretends to be full, so he doesn’t (present tense) eat anymore.
 She pretends to sleep so that he didn't sent to the market.
Correct Sentence : She pretends to sleep, so that he doesn’t (present tense) send
(Verb1) her (object) to the market.
 They pretends to be tired that's why they don't work anymore.
 Correct Sentence : They pretend (without s) to be tired, that's why they don't work
anymore.

Routine Task Number 4

Data Analysis
In the task Harry Manullang did in the first number, he used the word Decide. In the
first number, he made a mistake in the sentence "Yoi decided to leave alone". In that
sentence, he had a slight error, namely yoi he should have made the word you instead of yoi.
Then in work number two is Can. There he wrote "Can we don this?" the correct word
in the sentence he wrote should be " Can we do this?
Furthermore, in work on number three, he used the sentence "Hope", namely "She
hopes that i Miss her so much".
Furthermore, in working on the hope(-) sentence, namely He hopes she doesn't cheat
on him. In the sentence above there is an error in 'dosn't' it should not. The correct sentence is
He hopes she doesn't cheat on him.
Furthermore, in working on the learned sentences, namely I'm studying how to speak
german. In the sentence above there is an error in german, it should start with a capital letter.
The correct sentence is I'm studying how to speak Germany
Solution
After I analyzed the assignment done by Harry Manullang, there were several errors.
Then I would correct the wrong assignment to be correct. Here's the task I fixed:
1. Yoi decided to leave alone
Correct: You decide to leave alone
2. Can we don this?
Correct: Can we do this?
3. She hopes that i Miss her so much
Correct: She hopes that I miss her so much
4. He hopes she doesn't cheat on him
Correct: He hopes she doesn't cheat on him
5. I'm studying how to speak german
Correct: I'm studying how to speak Germany
Routine Task Number 5
Data Analysis

From the results of the analysis that I have done on the routine assignments of my friend
Clarisa, I found that the use of grammar used is correct and the writing of capital letters is
good, but there are some shortcomings, namely
1. In this assignment, all descriptions of the answers are put together and no distance is
given between assignments with one topic and another topic
2. Writing the word "cinema" is written in non-capital letters, it should use capital letters
3. In his assignment, after number 11 he went straight to number 13 and forgot to write
number 12

Solution
The solution I can give is that in the future Clarisa has to pay more attention to more details
in carrying out her assignments and it is better if she gives the topic of the assignment to be
carried out before making a description of her answers and providing distance or space
between one topic and another

Discussion of grammar problem

Having known some problems that the students feel in learning English specifically in
writing a descriptive text with a good grammar, the writer realize that almost all the students
in Indonesia especially in State University of Medan, Specifically non English students still
have a low comprehension about English especially grammar. According to the Mini
Research, there are still many students who can’t write a text with a good grammar, or they
still have a little understanding about the grammar.
Many people feel reluctant to learn grammar because it feels grammar difficult to
understand. Even there are also people who argue that to be fluent English grammar is not
required. For those who are important is learning the conversation. Therefore, they argue that
the best way to be able to master a foreign language or English is to go abroad or practice
talking to strangers. In addition to the above opinion, the education experts also have various
opinions about the grammar role in English language instruction. In traditional education,
grammar is important and is a key element to learn.
Learning languages naturally will be more useful for the English language that is used
daily for simple communication. But for those who want to master English for a higher level,
for example for further study abroad or for the sake of work, then they will not want to learn
grammar.

CHAPTER IV

RESULT
Results Of The Research
Where there is a problem, there is a solution. The writer thinks that there are many
solution that the students can use to improve their skills especially in writing descriptive text
with a good grammar skill:
1. Every student must have a rich vocabulary. They need to enrich their words so
they can use it in writing. I suggest to memorize at least 10 words per day to
remember. It will really give a good impact for their skills.
2. Learn about the set of the rules in grammar. It can be from book. There are so
many books that can help the students to understand the material of grammar.
3. Nowadays, the learning process is not only about the meeting in class. Student is
the center of learning, so we are trained to get as many knowledge as possible by
our own creativity. The writer suggest to use some of media that can be used to
support the improvement. For example, in grammar, students can use one of the
best app, Grammarly, which can be downloaded in Playstore and Appstore freely.
This app can help the learner to arrange the structure of sentence. Not only that,
we can use e-dictionary in smartphone to make sure we always connect with
English. By the app id u-dictionary, we can know the words, the usage, and even
the pronunciation od the words.
4. Practicing in writing and speaking is also very important for learner. Because
without practicing himself, the knowledge will be stuck on the brain, so we can be
more competence in using grammar in life.

Conclussion Of The Research

Having known some problems that the students feel in learning English specifically
in writing a descriptive text with a good grammar, the writer realize that almost all the
students in Indonesia especially in State University of Medan, Specifically non English
students still have a low comprehension about English especially grammar. According to the
Mini Research, there are still many students who can’t write a text with a good grammar, or
they still have a little understanding about the grammar. Therefore, they argue that the best
way to be able to master a foreign language or English is to go abroad or practice talking to
strangers. In addition to the above opinion, the education experts also have various opinions
about the grammar role in English language instruction. In traditional education, grammar is
important and is a key element to learn. But there are several solutions that can help the
learner to improve their skills especially in text with a good granmar.