English Modul

Grammar And Reading Comprehension

Motivator :
Nervi Irawati Ambarita S,Pd M,Pd

Arranged By :
1. Aji Saka Kertanegara 6. Gideon Renold Simangunsong
2. David Thomas Joostenz 7. Ida Bagus Putu Mahendradatta
3. Duta Haical Situmorang 8. Rachel Gladyola Situmorang
4. Faris Nadhif Ashari 9. Rivandy Axel Deanevan
5. Fayvell Derryl Manopo
 PREEFACE

The researchers praise the presence of Allah SWT. who has given His
grace and guidance, so that we can complete this scientific work. This scientific
work was prepared in order to complete the first semester class XII English
assignment for Composing Scientific Work.

We realize that scientific work will not be completed without help and
guidance from other parties. Therefore, on this occasion we do not forget to
express our gratitude to the English subject supervisor Nervi Irawaty Ambarita
S.pd, M.pd who has provided direction and guidance in making this scientific
work and our parents who always support the smooth running of our
assignments. from the beginning of the scientific work research until the
completion of this scientific work.

We thank you for your attention to this scientific work, and we hope that
this scientific work will be useful for us in particular. We sincerely hope that
with all humility, suggestions and constructive criticism from readers to
improve the production of scientific work in other assignments in the future.

Balikpapa
n, 16 November 2023
 Table of Contents

PREFACE ....................................................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS ……………………………………………….....
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ………………………………………….
1.1 BACKGROUND …………………………………………….....
1.2 PROBLEM FORMULATION ………………………………....
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE PAPER …………………………………..
CHAPTER II DISCUSSION ……………………………………………..
2.1 GRAMMAR ……………………………………………………
1. PASSIVE VOICEOVER ………………………………….....
2. IF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES ……………………….....
3. TENSES……………………………………………………...
2.2 READING COMPREHENSION ………………………………
1. NARRATIVE TEXT …………………………………….......
2. EXPLANATION TEXT ……………………………………..
3. DESCRIPTIVE TEXT ……………………………………....
4. DISCUSSION TEXT ………………………………………..
5. CAPTION ……………………………………………………
6. OFFERING SERVICES …………………………………......
CHAPTER III CLOSING …………………………………………………
3.1 CONCLUSION ………………………………………………...
3.2 ADVICE ……………………………………………………......
AUTHOR PROFILE ……………………………………………………...
BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………………
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

As we know, English is a global language that is used by almost everyone

in many countries. It is considered very important to master the most basic
of English, such as Grammar usage and Pronunciation.
However, there is also one important thing to learn in English, namely
Reading Comprehensions. Now, what can we know about the definitions of
Grammar and Reading Comprehension? Grammar is a description of the
structure of a language and the way linguistic units such as words and
phrases are combined to produce sentences in that language.
In generative grammar, grammar will describe a speaker's knowledge of
the grammar he uses. In addition, Penny ur notes that "Grammar is defined
as words that are arranged to make correct sentences, this not only
influences how word units are combined to make correct sentences but also
affects their meaning".
In other words, grammar is a structure in linguistics which has the
function of organizing sentences well. Reading comprehension is the ability
to read a text, process it, and understand its meaning.
It relies on two interrelated abilities: word comprehension (being able to
decode symbols on a page) and language comprehension (being able to
understand the meaning of words and sentences). However, when we
understand a text, we don't just remember the exact words and phrases we
read. Instead, we form a mental model of what the text describes by
integrating the meaning of words and sentences into a meaningful whole.
Through this article, we want to review several things regarding this matter
to help people understand English further. Because not many people can
understand English other than native speakers themselves. Through this
paper we hope to encourage people to learn English and give it a try.
1.2 PROBLEM FORMULATION

The challenge addressed in this paper revolves around the multifaceted

aspects of English language acquisition, specifically focusing on Grammar
and Reading Comprehension.
While Grammar is defined as the structural foundation of language,
influencing sentence formation and meaning, Reading Comprehension
involves decoding symbols and understanding the broader meaning of a
text.
The paper aims to investigate the intricacies of Grammar and Reading
Comprehension in English learning, considering their roles in constructing
meaningful sentences and forming mental models of text.
The central problem to be explored is how individuals, beyond native
speakers, can enhance their proficiency in English by mastering these
fundamental components. The objective is to encourage a broader
understanding of English, fostering a greater appreciation for language
learning among diverse populations.

1.3 PURPOSE OF THE PAPPER

The purpose of this paper is to delve into the vital aspects of English
language acquisition, with a primary focus on Grammar usage,
Pronunciation, and Reading Comprehension.
By examining the definitions and roles of Grammar and Reading
Comprehension, the paper aims to shed light on their significance in
constructing coherent sentences and forming comprehensive mental models
of text.
The overarching goal is to facilitate a deeper understanding of English
beyond its basic elements, especially for non-native speakers. Through this
exploration, the paper aspires to inspire individuals to embark on the
journey of learning English, fostering a more inclusive and appreciative
approach to language acquisition.
 CHAPTER II
2.1 Grammar
1. Tenses
DEFINITION ABOUT TENSES :
Differentiating verb forms to express differences in time or duration of actions or
circumstances. In general, tense consists of the past, present and future, and there are several
tenses that we have studied, here are the explanations :

1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Definition of Simple Present tense :

Simple present tense is in general the simple present tense expresses events or situation that
exist always, usually, habitually, that they exist now, have existed in the past and probably
will exist in the future.
Simple present tense says that something was true in the past, true in the present and will be
true in the future. It’s used for general statements of fact.
The present simple is use to express habitual or everyday activity.

Formula for Simple Present Tense :

Postive : "S + V + Object"
Negative : "S + Don't / doesn't + V1 + Object"
Interrogative : "Do / does + S + V1 + Object"

Examples of Simple Present Tense :

1. (+) The sun Shine every morning She writes many letters every morning
(-) The sun doesn`t shine every morning
(?) Does the sun shine every morning?

2. (+) I go to school every monday until friday.

(-) I don’t go to school every Monday
(?) Do you go to school every……...........

3. (+) She wake up 6 o`clock .The students of science program 1 take a lot of books from
Library
(-) She didn`t wake up 6 o`clock
(?) Does she wake up at 6 o'clock?

4. (+)- He watches television everyday

(-) He doesn`t watch television everyday
(?) Does he watch television everyday?
5. (+) Duta haikal listens to music every night
 (-) Kana doesn`t listen to music every night
(?) Does Kana listen to music every night?

6. (+) They study for exams.

(-) They don't study for exams.
(?) Do they study for exams?

7. (+) She participates in school clubs.

(-) She doesn't participate in school clubs.
(?) Does she participate in school clubs?

8. (+) He volunteers for community service.

(-) He doesn't volunteer for community service.
(?) Does he volunteer for community service?

9. (+) We attend school events.

(-) We don't attend school events.
(?) Do we attend school events?

10. (+) I join extracurricular activities.

(-) I don't join extracurricular activities.
(?) Do I join extracurricular activities?

Positive Sentence (+)

1. The students arrive at school early in the morning.
2. The teachers teach different subjects every day.
3. The students use books and pens when studying in the classroom.
4. The school staff cleans the classrooms every day after classes end.
5. The students participate in extracurricular activities such as sports clubs or choir.

2. SIMPLE PAST:

Definition of Simple Past

simple past tense is a sentence that is used to tell about events that happened in the past and
finished or ended in the past too.
The simple past indicates that an activity or situation began and ended at a particular time in
the past.

Formula for Simple Past:

positive: (+)
 Verbal : Subject + verb 2 + object
 Nominal : Subject + was/were + Nominal
negative: (-)
 Verbal : Subject + did not/didn`t + verb1
 Nominal : Subject + was/were + not + verb1
interrogative: (?)
 Verbal : Did + Subject + verb 1 + ?
 Nominal : Was/were + subject + verb1 + ?
Example simple past tense:
1. (+) We late came to school
(-) We didn`t late come to school
(?) Did we late come to school?

2. (+) He did his homework

(-) He didn’t do his homework
(?) Did he do his homework?

3. (+) She moved to other school

(-) S move to other school
(?) Was she move to other school?

4. (+) Dea was studied last night salah

(-) Dea wasn`t study last night
(?) Was Dea study last night?

5. (+) Shannie was made cookie for her mom

(-) Shannie wasn`t make cookie for her mom
(?) Was shannie make cookie for her mom?

6. (+) They studied for the test.

(-) They didn't study for the test.
(?) Did they study for the test?

7. (+) She participated in the school play.

(-) She didn't participate in the school play.
(?) Did she participate in the school play?

8. (+) He volunteered for the charity event.

(-) He didn't volunteer for the charity event.
(?) Did he volunteer for the charity event?

9. (+) We attended the science fair.

(-) We didn't attend the science fair.
(?) Did we attend the science fair?

10. (+) I joined the school choir.

(-) I didn't join the school choir.
(?) Did I join the school choir?

Positive Sentence (+)

1. We played soccer together during recess yesterday.
2. She invited me to her birthday party last week.
3. They studied together for the exam last night.
4. He helped me with my homework yesterday evening.
5. We went to the movies together on Saturday.
3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Definition of Present Perfect Tense

Present perfect tense is a sentence pattern with a change in verb form that is used to
express/express a past action/event that is still continuing until now.
The present perfect expresses the idea that something happened or never happened before
now, at an unspecified time in the past.
The present perfect also expresses the repetition of an activity before now.

Formula for Present Perfect Tense :

Positive: Subject + Have/Has + Verb-3.
Negative: Subject + have/has + not + Verb-3
Interrogative: Have/has + Subject + Verb-3

Examples of Present Perfect Tense:

1. (+) Diana has been a teacher
(-) Diana has not been a teacher
(?) Has Diana been a teacher?

2. (+) Asep has sent me a letter

(-) Asep has never sent me a letter
(?) Has Asep sent me a letter?

3. (+) You have watered the flowers in the garden

(-) You haven`t watered the flower in the garden
(?) Have you watered the flowers in the garden?

4. (+) My mother has watched the television

(-) My mother has not watched the television
(?) Has my mother watched the television?

5. (+) My friend has visited me

(-) My friend hasn`t visited me
(?) Has my friend visited me?

6. (+) They have completed their assignments.

(-) They have not completed their assignments.
(?) Have they completed their assignments?

7. (+) She has attended all the classes.

(-) She has not attended all the classes.
(?) Has she attended all the classes?

8. (+) He has participated in the school competition.

(-) He has not participated in the school competition.
(?) Has he participated in the school competition?
9. (+) We have finished our group project.
(-) We have not finished our group project.
(?) Have we finished our group project?

10. (+) I have received my report card.

(-) I have not received my report card.
(?) Have I received my report card?

Positive Sentence (+)

1. I have known my best friend since kindergarten.
2. She has already finished her project for the science fair.
3. They have visited each other's houses multiple times.
4. He has participated in various extracurricular activities with his friends.
5. We have studied together for many exams.

4. PAST PERFECT TENSE

Definition of Past Perfect Tense

Past Perfect Tense is a form of the past tense that is used to describe an event or action that
occurred before a certain past time. It is often used to structure the sequence of events in a
story or narrative.
The past perfect express an activity that was completed before another activity in the past.

Formula for Past Perfect Tense :

Positive : Subject + had + Verb 3 (past participle).
Negative : Subject + had not + Verb 3 (past participle).
Interrogative : Had + Subject + Verb 3 (past participle)?

Examples of Past Perfect Tense :

1.(+)They had gone to the beach before it started
(-)I had not gone to the beach before it started.
(?)Had I gone to the beach before it started?

2.(+)He had read the book before watching the movie.

(-)He had not read the book before watching the movie.
(?)Had he not read the book before watching the movie?

3. (+)Nora had already left when i got there

(-)Nora had not already left when I got there.
(?)Had Nora already left when I got there?

4. (+)We had completed our group assignment after they died.

(-)We have completed our group assignment before the deadline.
(?)Had we completed our group assignment after they died?
5. (+)Rina had visited his grandparents before they died.
(-)Rina had never visited his grandparents before they died.
(?)Had Rina ever visited his grandparents before they died?.

6. (+) They had submitted their projects before the deadline.

(-) They had not submitted their projects before the deadline.
(?) Had they submitted their projects before the deadline?

7. (+) She had finished her presentation before the class started.
(-) She had not finished her presentation before the class started.
(?) Had she finished her presentation before the class started?

8. (+) He had studied for the exam before the teacher arrived.
(-) He had not studied for the exam before the teacher arrived.
(?) Had he studied for the exam before the teacher arrived?

9. (+) We had completed the research paper before the conference.

(-) We had not completed the research paper before the conference.
(?) Had we completed the research paper before the conference?

10. (+) I had prepared my speech before the event began.

(-) I had not prepared my speech before the event began.
(?) Had I prepared my speech before the event began?

Positive Sentence (+)

1. I had already become friends with her before we started high school.
2. She had finished her homework before she went to the party.
3. They had known each other since elementary school before they became best friends.
4. He had already joined the school club before he met his close friends.
5. We had attended the same summer camp before we became friends.

5.PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Definition of present continuous tense

the meaning of present continuous tense is a form of tense that you can use to explain
something or express an action that is taking place during a certain time in the present.
The present continuous express an activity that is in progress at the moment of speaking. It
began in recent past continuing at present, and will probably and at the future

Formula for present continuous tense:

Positive : Subject + be (am/are/is) + verb1 -ing + complement
Negative : Subject + be (am/are/is) + not + verb1 -ing + complement
Interrogative : Be (am/is/are) + subject + verb1 -ing + complement?

Examples of present continuous tense :

1. (+) I am studying for my exams right now.
(-) I am not studying for my exam at the moment.
 (?) Are you studying for your exam at the moment?

2. (+) She is not wearing her glasses today.

(-) She is not wearing her glasses today.
(?) Is she wearing her glasses today?

3. (+) They are staying in the hotel for two weeks.

(-) They are not staying in the hotel for a long time.
(?) How long are they staying in the hotel?

4. (+) The teacher is explaining a difficult concept to the students.

(-) The teacher is not explaining a difficult concept to the students.
(?) Is the teacher explaining a difficult concept to the students?

5. (+) The flowers are blooming in this seson

(-) The flowers are not blooming in this season.
(?) Why are the flowers not blooming in this season?

6. (+) They are studying for the upcoming exam.

(-) They are not studying for the upcoming exam.
(?) Are they studying for the upcoming exam?

7. (+) She is participating in the school play.

(-) She is not participating in the school play.
(?) Is she participating in the school play?

8. (+) He is attending a workshop on coding.

(-) He is not attending a workshop on coding.
(?) Is he attending a workshop on coding?

9. (+) We are working on a group project.

(-) We are not working on a group project.
(?) Are we working on a group project?

10. (+) I am learning a new language in school.

(-) I am not learning a new language in school.
(?) Am I learning a new language in school?

Positive Sentence (+)

1. We are working on a group project together.
2. She is organizing a surprise party for our friend.
3. They are planning a weekend getaway with their friends.
4. He is helping his friend with their art project.
5. We are attending a school event together tomorrow.
6. PAST CONTINUOUS

Definition of Past Continues Tense

Past Continuous Tense is used to describe ongoing or continuous actions that were happening
in the past.

Formula for Past Continues Tense:

Positive: S + was/were + verb 1-ing + Object
Negative: S + was/were not + verb 1-ing + Object
Interrogative: Was/Were + S + verb 1-ing + Object?

Examples of Past Continues Tense:

1. (+) I was studying when the phone rang.
(-) I was not studying when the phone rang.
(?) Was I studying when the phone rang?

2. (+) They were playing football when it started raining.

(-) I was not studying when the phone rang.
(?) Was I studying when the phone rang?

3. (+) You were watching TV when I called.

(?) You were not watching TV when I called.
(?) Were you watching TV when I called?

4. (+) She was cooking dinner at 7 PM.

(-) She was not cooking dinner at 7 PM.
(?) Was she cooking dinner at 7 PM?

5. (+) We were having a meeting at that time.

(-) We were not having a meeting at that time.
(?) Were we having a meeting at that time?

6. (+) They were attending a seminar on environmental conservation.

(-) They were not attending a seminar on environmental conservation.
(?) Were they attending a seminar on environmental conservation?

7. (+) She was participating in a debate competition.

(-) She was not participating in a debate competition.
(?) Was she participating in a debate competition?

8. (+) He was studying for the math test.

(-) He was not studying for the math test.
(?) Was he studying for the math test?

9. (+) We were practicing for the school play.

(-) We were not practicing for the school play.
 (?) Were we practicing for the school play?

10. (+) I was writing an essay for English class.

(-) I was not writing an essay for English class.
(?) Was I writing an essay for English class?

Positive Sentence (+)

1. We were studying together at the library when the power went out.
2. She was talking to her friends on the phone when I walked into the room.
3. They were playing basketball in the school gym when it started raining.
4. He was helping his friend with their math homework when the teacher entered the classroom.
5. We were laughing and chatting during the lunch break when the bell rang.

7. PRESENT FUTURE

Definition of Present Future Tense

Present Future Tense is used to express actions that will happen in the future.

Formula for Present Future Tense

Positive: Subject + will + verb 1 + Object
Negative: Subject + will not (won't) + verb 1 + Object
Interrogative: Will + Subject + verb 1 + Object + ?

Examples of Present Future Tense

1. (+) I will travel to Bali next month.
(-) I won't travel to bali next month
(?) Will i travel to bali next month ?

2. (+) They won't attend the meeting tomorrow.

(-) They won't attend the meeting tomorrow
(?) Will they attend the meeting tomorrow?

3. (+) She will join us for dinner tonight

(-) She won't join us for dinner tonight
(?) Will she join us for dinner tonight?

4. (+) We will celebrate your birthday on Saturday.

(-) We will not/won't celebrate your birthday on saturday.
(?) Will we celebrate your birthday on saturday?

5. (+) He will complete the project by the end of the week.

(-) We will not/won't celebrate your birthday on saturday.
(?) Will we celebrate your birthday on saturday?

6. (+) They will study for the exam tomorrow.

(-) They will not study for the exam tomorrow.
(?) Will they study for the exam tomorrow?
7. (+) She will participate in the school competition next week.
(-) She will not participate in the school competition next week.
(?) Will she participate in the school competition next week?

8. (+) He will volunteer for the community service project next month.
(-) He will not volunteer for the community service project next month.
(?) Will he volunteer for the community service project next month?

9. (+) We will attend the school event next semester.

(-) We will not attend the school event next semester.
(?) Will we attend the school event next semester?

10. (+) I will join the extracurricular activity next year.

(-) I will not join the extracurricular activity next year.
(?) Will I join the extracurricular activity next year?

Positive Sentence (+)

1. We are going to have a study session together after school.
2. She is going to invite her friends to her birthday party next week.
3. They are going to participate in a school talent show next month.
4. He is going to help his friend with their science project tomorrow.
5. We are going to attend a school dance together next Friday.

8.PAST FUTURE

Defition of Past Future

Future in the past is used to express the idea that in the past you thought something would
happen in the future.

Formula for Past Future :

positif : S + would/should + have + v3
negatif : S + would/should + not + have + v3
introgatif : would/should + s + have + v3 + ?

Example for Past Future :

1.(+) My sister told me that she would buy a camera
(-) My sister told me that she wouldn't buy a new camera
(?) Would my sister buys me a new camera?

2.(+) I would come to lisa birthday

(-) I wouldn't come to lisa birthday
(?) Would i come to lisa birthday?

3.(+) He would bring me a present

(-) He wouldn't bring me a present
(?) Would he brings me a present?

4.(+) My dad knew that england would be the winner of game last night
 (-) My dad knew that england wouldn't be the winner of game last night
(?) Would england be the winner of game last night?

5.(+) He would bring me food

(-) He wouldn't bring me food
(?) Would he brings me food?

6. (+) They knew that the school team would win the championship last year.
(-) They knew that the school team wouldn't win the championship last year.
(?) Would the school team win the championship last year?

7. (+) She believed that she would pass the difficult exam.
(-) She believed that she wouldn't pass the difficult exam.
(?) Would she pass the difficult exam?

8. (+) He thought that the school would organize a field trip.

(-) He thought that the school wouldn't organize a field trip.
(?) Would the school organize a field trip?

9. (+) We expected that the teacher would give us a challenging assignment.

(-) We expected that the teacher wouldn't give us a challenging assignment.
(?) Would the teacher give us a challenging assignment?

10. (+) I was confident that I would be elected as the class president.
(-) I was confident that I wouldn't be elected as the class president.
(?) Would I be elected as the class president?

Positive Sentence (+)

1. They said they would organize a charity event next month.
2. I was going to join the school debate team, but I changed my mind.
3. The school administration had planned to introduce a new curriculum this year.
4. We were going to have a field trip to the museum, but it got canceled due to bad weather.
5. She had intended to run for the position of class president, but she decided not to.

9.PRESENT FUTURE GOING TO

Definition of Present Future Going To

Present Future going true is: the main auxiliary word will which is used to express the action
that will be completed. Meanwhile, going to is usually used for something that is going to be
done, but has been planned from the start before speaking.
When the speaker is making a prediction of statements about something that will be true or
will occur use be going is possible.
Formula for Present Future going to :
Positive (+) :
 Subject + will/shall + verb 1 + object
 Subject + to be (am/is/are) going to + verb 1
Negative (-) :
 Subject + will/shall + not + verb 1 + object
 Subject + to be (am/is/are) + not + going to + verb 1
Interrogative (?) :
 Will/shall + subject + verb 1 + object + ?
 To be (am/is/are) + subject + going to + verb 1 + ?

Examples for Present Future going to:

1. (+) I am going to come
(-) I am not going to come
(?) Am I going to come?

2. (+) Jack is going to start a new business

(-) Jack is not going to start a new business
(?) Is Jack going to start a new business?

3. (+) I am going to live in Germany

(-) I am not going to live in Germany
(?) Am i going to live in Germany?

4. (+) They are going to use the computer

(-) They are not going to use the computer
(?)Were they going to use the computer ?

5. (+) I am going to write an email

(-) I am not going to write an email
(?) Am i going to write an email ?

6. (+) They are going to participate in the school talent show.

(-) They are not going to participate in the school talent show.
(?) Are they going to participate in the school talent show?

7. (+) She is going to join the school choir.

(-) She is not going to join the school choir.
(?) Is she going to join the school choir?

8. (+) He is going to organize a fundraising event.

(-) He is not going to organize a fundraising event.
(?) Is he going to organize a fundraising event?

9. (+) We are going to start a recycling program at school.

(-) We are not going to start a recycling program at school.
 (?) Are we going to start a recycling program at school?

10. (+) I am going to volunteer at the local library.

(-) I am not going to volunteer at the local library.
(?) Am I going to volunteer at the local library?

Positive Sentence (+)

1. We are going to organize a surprise farewell party for our friend who is leaving the school.
2. She is going to start a study group to help her friends prepare for the upcoming exams.
3. They are going to form a club to promote environmental awareness in the school.
4. He is going to volunteer to be the class representative for the student council elections.
5. We are going to plan a weekend outing to a nearby amusement park with our friends.

10. PAST FUTURE GOING TO

Definition of Past Future Going To Tense:

Past Future with "Going To" is used to express intentions, plans, or predictions about the
future based on evidence in the past.

Formula for Past Future with ''Going To'' Tense:

Positive: S + was/were + going to + Verb1 + Object
Negative: S + was/were not + going to + V¹ + Object
Interrogative: Was/Were + S + going to + V¹ + Object?

Examples of Past Future with "Going To" Tense:

1. (+) I was going to start a new job, but I changed my mind.
(-) I was not going to start a new job, but I changed my mind
(?) Was I going to start a new job, but I changed my mind?

2. (+) They weren't going to attend the party, but they decided to go.
(-) They were not going to attend the party, but they decided to go.
(?) Were they going to attend the party, but they decided to go?

3. (+) She was going to visit her parents last weekend.

(-) She was not going to visit her parents last weekend.
(?) Was she going to visit her parents last weekend?

4. (+) We were going to buy a new car, but the old one broke down.
(-) We were not going to buy a new car, but the old one broke down.
(?) Were we going to buy a new car, but the old one broke down?

5. (+) You were going to finish the project by yesterday.

(-) You were not going to finish the project by yesterday.
(?) Were you going to finish the project by yesterday?
6. (+) They were going to present their research findings last week.
(-) They were not going to present their research findings last week.
(?) Were they going to present their research findings last week?

7. (+) She was going to join the school debate team.

(-) She was not going to join the school debate team.
(?) Was she going to join the school debate team?

8. (+) He was going to organize a school trip to the museum.

(-) He was not going to organize a school trip to the museum.
(?) Was he going to organize a school trip to the museum?

9. (+) We were going to perform a play at the school assembly.

(-) We were not going to perform a play at the school assembly.
(?) Were we going to perform a play at the school assembly?

10. (+) I was going to participate in the science fair.

(-) I was not going to participate in the science fair.
(?) Was I going to participate in the science fair?

Positive Sentence
1. We are going to organize a surprise farewell party for our friend who is leaving the school.
2. She is going to start a study group to help her friends prepare for the upcoming exams.
3. They are going to form a club to promote environmental awareness in the school.
4. He is going to volunteer to be the class representative for the student council elections.
5. We are going to plan a weekend outing to a nearby amusement park with our friends.

2. Passive Voice
Verbs that can be used in passive sentences are transitive verbs.
Transitive verbs have two grammatical varieties (voices), namely active and passive or active
form/active voice and passive form/passive sentence (passive voice). Active voice is a
sentence where the subject does something or does something do a job. Here people, animals
or objects are indicated by the subject is said to do something on something/someone else.
Passive voice is a sentence in which the subject is subjected to a job or suffer from
something. Here people, animals or objects are said suffer something from
something/someone else.
Passive Voice Formula:
To Be + Past Participle

1. Simple Present Tense

Active : S + do/does + V1
Passive: S + to be (am, are, is) + V3 + by + O
Example :

1 -Active Voice : The teacher explains the lesson to the students

 -Passive Voice: The lesson is explained to the students by the teacher
2.-Active Voice : Students complete their homework every day
-Passive Voice: Homework is completed by the students every day.
3.-Active Voice : The school organizes extracurricular activities for the students
-Passive Voice: Extracurricular activities are organized for the students by the school.
4.-Active Voice : The students participate in a science fair.
-Passive Voice: A science fair is participated in by the students
5.-Active Voice : The school provides lunch for the students
-Passive Voice: Lunch is provided for the students by the school

2. Simple Past Tense

Active : S + V2 + O
Passive : S + to be (was, were) + V3 + by + O
Example :

1 -Active Voice : The teacher explained the lesson to the students

-Passive Voice: The lesson was explained to the students by the teacher
2.-Active Voice : Students completed their homework yesterday.
-Passive Voice: Homework was completed by the students yesterday..
3.-Active Voice : The school organized a field trip for the students last week.
-Passive Voice: A field trip was organized for the students by the school last week.
4.-Active Voice : The students participate in a science fair.
-Passive Voice: A sports competition was participated in by the students yesterday.
5.-Active Voice : The school provided lunch for the students during the event.
-Passive Voice: Lunch was provided for the students by the school during the event.

3.Present Perfect Tense

Active : S + have/has + V3 + O
Passive: S + have/has + been + V3 + by + O
Example :

1 -Active Voice : The students have completed their assignments.

-Passive Voice: The assignments have been completed by the students.
2.-Active Voice : The teacher has taught the lesson.
-Passive Voice: The lesson has been taught by the teacher.
3.-Active Voice : The school has organized a science fair.
-Passive Voice: A science fair has been organized by the school.
4.-Active Voice : The students have participated in a debate competition.
-Passive Voice: A debate competition has been participated in by the students.
5.-Active Voice : The school has provided extracurricular activities for the students.
-Passive Voice: Extracurricular activities have been provided for the students by the school.

4. Past Perfect Tense

Active : S + had not + V3 + O
Passive : S + had + been + V3 + by + O
Example :

1 -Active Voice : The students had completed their exams before the break.
-Passive Voice: The exams had been completed by the students before the break.
2.-Active Voice : The teacher had prepared the materials for the presentation.
-Passive Voice: The materials had been prepared by the teacher for the presentation.
3.-Active Voice : The school had organized a field trip for the students.
-Passive Voice: A field trip had been organized for the students by the school.
4.-Active Voice The students had participated in a cultural event last month.
-Passive Voice: A cultural event had been participated in by the students last month.
5.-Active Voice : He school had provided scholarships for outstanding students.
-Passive Voice: Scholarships had been provided for outstanding students by the school.

5. Present Continuous Tense

Active : S + to be (am, are, is) + V1-ing + O
Passive : S + to be (am, are, is) + being + V3 + by
Example :
1 -Active Voice : The students are participating in a science experiment.
-Passive Voice: A science experiment is being participated in by the students.
2.-Active Voice : The teacher is teaching a math lesson.
-Passive Voice: A math lesson is being taught by the teacher.
3.-Active Voice : The school is organizing a sports event.
-Passive Voice: A sports event is being organized by the school
4.-Active Voice : The students are preparing for a school performance.
-Passive Voice: Preparations for a school performance are being made by the students.
5.-Active Voice : The school is providing online classes for the students.
-Passive Voice: Online classes are being provided for the students by the school.

6. Past Continuous Tense

Active : S + to be (was, were) + V1-ing + O
Passive : S + to be (was, were) + being + V3 + by + O
Example :

1 -Active Voice : The students were studying in the library.

-Passive Voice: The library was being used by the students for studying.
2.-Active Voice : The teacher was explaining a difficult concept.
-Passive Voice: A difficult concept was being explained by the teacher.
3.-Active Voice : The school was organizing a field trip to the museum.
-Passive Voice: A field trip to the museum was being organized by the school.
4.-Active Voice : The students were practicing for the school play.
-Passive Voice: Practice for the school play was being done by the students.
5.-Active Voice : The school was renovating the classrooms.
-Passive Voice: The classrooms were being renovated by the school.
 3. If Conditional Sentences
DEFINITION ABOUT CONDITIONAL SENTENCES :
Conditional sentences are natural language sentences that express that one thing is contingent
on something else, e.g. "If it rains, the picnic will be cancelled." They are so called because
the impact of the main clause of the sentence is conditional on the dependent clause.

Formula for Conditional Sentences:

Type 0: if+simple present, simple present

Type 1: if+ simple present, will + V1
Type 2: if + simple past, would + V1
Type 3: if + past perfect, would/wouldn`t have been + V3

Example for Conditional Sentences:

Type 0: ziro conditional
1. "If it rains, water falls from the sky"
2. "If you heat ice, it melts."
3. "If it rains, I bring an umbrella."
4. "If I have free time, I watch football match."
5. "If I eat, I'm full."
6. "If we study, we pass the exams easily."
7. "If I commit suicide, I die."
8. "If she sleep late, she sleepy at school."
9. "If you are feeling cold, go get a blanket."
10. "If I not drink water, I thirsty."

Type 1: Conditional Sentences

1. If it rains tomorrow, water will fall from the sky.
2. If you heat ice, it will melt.
3. If it rains tomorrow, I will bring an umbrella.
4. If I have free time, I will watch a football match.
5. If I eat too much, I will feel full.
6. If we study hard, we will pass the exams easily.
7. If I commit suicide, I will die.
8. If she sleeps late, she will be sleepy at school.
9. If you are feeling cold, go and get a blanket.
10. If I don't drink water, I will become thirsty.

Type 2: Conditional Sentences

1. If it rained, water would fall from the sky.
2. If you heated ice, it would melt.
3. If it rained, I would bring an umbrella.
4. If I had free time, I would watch a football match.
5. If I ate, I would feel full.
6. If we studied, we would pass the exams easily.
 7. If I committed suicide, I would die.
8. If she slept late, she would be sleepy at school.
9. If you were feeling cold, you would go and get a blanket.
10. If I didn't drink water, I would be thirsty.

Type 3: Conditional Sentences

1. If it had rained, water would have fallen from the sky.
2. If you had heated ice, it would have melted.
3. If it had rained, I would have brought an umbrella.
4. If I had had free time, I would have watched a football match.
5. If I had eaten, I would have felt full.
6. If we had studied, we would have passed the exams easily.
7. If I had committed suicide, I would have died.
8. If she had slept late, she would have been sleepy at school.
9. If you had been feeling cold, you would have gone and gotten a blanket.
10. If I hadn't drunk water, I would have been thirsty.

4. Direct & Indirect Speech

1. Direct Speech

Direct speech (direct sentences) are words or sentences spoken directly by the speaker (first
person) and written as is.
Example : She says, "I am a clever student."

Things that must be paid attention to in the form of Direct Speech, namely:
a. Reporting Verbs (which report) and Reported Words (which are reported) are separated by
commas (,).
b. Reported words in direct sentences are written in quotation marks.
c. Reporting Verbs can also be called Reporting Sentences, Reported Words can also be called
Reported Speech (reported sentences).
d. The location of the reporting verb does not have to be at the beginning of the sentence, but
can be at the end of the sentence. Consider the following example:
He said, "It's time to go away."
He said : Reporting verb, "It's time to go away." : Reported words
Can be:
“It is time to go away,” He said.
"It's time to go away." : Reported words, He said : Reporting verb
To make good direct speech, you must master English grammar
2. Indirect Speech

Indirect speech is a sentence spoken to convey someone's statement.

Example: She says that he is a clever student.
Things that must be paid attention to in indirect sentences, namely:
a. Reporting Verbs and Reported Words are connected by conjunctions.
b. In indirect speech, quotation marks are not needed.
Forms of Indirect Speech :
a. The form of an indirect sentence where the introductory word is in Present Tense, so the
direct sentence does not experience a change in tense.
Example : She says, "I am a clever student."
b. In the form of an indirect sentence where the introductory word is in Past Tense, the
sentence undergoes changes, namely tense, personal pronouns, and information about place.
Indirect Speech is related to the use of past tense
Changes to Time Information
Adverb of Time
a. now becomes then
b. today becomes that day
c. yesterday becomes the day before, the previous day
d. last night becomes the night before
e. last week becomes the week before
f. a week ago becomes a week before
g. a month ago becomes a month before
h. tomorrow becomes the following day, the next day
i. next week becomes the following week
j. next month becomes the following month
k. next year becomes the following year

Adverb of Place
a. here becomes there
b. this becomes that
c. these becomes those

Change from Direct Speech to Indirect Speech

A. Statement
A statement sentence uses an introductory word
– If the speaker reports back what someone else said, then it is a noun
in the sentence must change.
Direct Speech:
Ana says to nana, “I am late.”
Ana said to Nana, “I'm late.”
Indirect Speech:
Ana says to Nana that she is late.
Ana said to Nana that she was late.
– If the speaker reports himself, then the personal pronouns (I, My, Me) remain.
Direct Speech:
I said, "I will leave the country."
Indirect Speech:
I said I would leave the country.

10 EXAMPLES OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

1. Direct Speech: She said, "I am sorry."
Indirect Speech: She said that she was sorry.
2. Direct Speech: He says, "I eat your popcorn."
Indirect Speech: He says that he ate my popcorn.
3. Direct Speech: Mother said, "I make spaghetti for you and your sister."
Indirect Speech: Mother said that she made spaghetti for me and my sister.
4. Direct Speech: Tata shouted, "I am tired!"
Indirect Speech: Tata shouted that she was tired.
5. Direct Speech: Imran reported, "The fire noodle is tasty."
Indirect Speech: Imran reported that the fire noodle was tasty.
6. Direct Speech: Desy said, "My mother is scary when she is angry."
Indirect Speech: Desy said that her mother was scary when she was angry.
7. Direct Speech: My father told us, "I make pasta for dinner."
Indirect Speech: My father told us that he made pasta for dinner.
8. Direct Speech: "I can't find my socks!" my brother said to my mother.
Indirect Speech: My brother said to my mother that he couldn't find his socks.
9. Direct Speech: "I see a spider!" Carla shouted in my ear.
Indirect Speech: Carla shouted in my ear that she saw a spider.
10. Direct Speech: "We watch movie together," Ryan told.
Indirect Speech: Ryan told me that they watched movie together.

2.2 READING COMPREHENSION

1. NARRATIVE TEXT

What exactly is a narrative text?

Simply put, a narrative text is a type of text that tells a story or describes a sequence of
events. The purpose of a narrative text is to entertain or inform the reader by presenting a
series of events in a coherent and engaging way.
What are the characteristics of narrative text?
1. Using past tenses
Narrative texts often contain past tense because they typically recount events or stories that
have already occurred. Using the past tense helps to create a sense of time and sequence,
which enables the reader to follow the plot and understand the progression of events. Also,
writing in the past tense gives context and shows a clear link between actions and their
results, which helps the reader get into the story and understand what the characters are going
through.
Here’s an example:
“Once upon a time, in a small village, there lived a kind, generous old man. One day, as he
was walking through the forest, he stumbled upon a giant squash. Amazed, he inched closer.”
In this example, the use of past tenses such as “lived”, “was walking”, “stumbled”, “amazed”
and “inched” is used to describe past events.
2. Using adverbial of time
Narrative texts often use adverbials of time to provide a clear structure and sense of
progression to the story. These time expressions help the reader understand when events are
happening, how they are related to one another, and the overall flow of the narrative. By
providing a context for the sequence of events, adverbials of time create a more vivid and
engaging reading experience.
They enable the reader to follow the plot more easily and immerse themselves in the story, as
they can visualize the events unfolding within a specific timeframe.
Here’s an example:
“Early one morning, Sarah decided to go for a jog in the park. As she jogged, the sun began
to rise, casting a golden glow over the trees. Later that day, she met her friends for lunch and
shared her morning adventure with them.”
In this example, adverbials of time such as “early one morning,” “as she jogged,” and “later
that day” are used to provide context and indicate the sequence of events, helping the reader
understand when each action took place.
3. Using adjectives
Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns, or, put it simply, adjectives are words
that give more information about a noun such as its color, shape, size, characteristics, etc. In
narrative text, adjectives help create a more detailed and vivid story.
Example: “The brave knight entered the dark, mysterious forest, ready to face any challenges
that lay ahead.”
In this example, the adjectives “brave,” “dark,” and “mysterious” add depth to the
description, giving the reader a clearer sense of the knight’s personality and the atmosphere
of the forest.
4. Using noun phrases
A noun phrase is a group of words that contains a noun along with any accompanying
modifiers, such as adjectives, adverbs, or other nouns that provide more information about
the main noun. Noun phrases help create detailed and vivid descriptions in stories. In
narrative texts, noun phrases can be used to give more detailed descriptions, highlight certain
parts of a character or setting, or explain complicated ideas concisely.
Example: “The bright morning sun cast a golden glow on the calm waters of the lake,
creating a breathtaking view.”
In this example, the noun phrases are “the bright morning sun” and “the calm waters of the
lake.” These phrases provide more detailed descriptions, with “the bright morning sun”
referring to the sun and “the calm waters of the lake” highlighting the lake’s peaceful
appearance.
What is the purpose and social function of a narrative text?
The purpose of a narrative text is to tell a story or recount a series of events in an engaging
and entertaining way for the reader. Some narrative texts may also have didactic or
instructive purposes, such as teaching moral lessons or sharing information about historical
events or specific cultural traditions. And yes, narrative texts also have social functions,
which include entertaining, providing information, and of course, educating the readers.

So, what does the structure of a narrative text look like?

1. Orientation
Orientation sets the stage for the story. Ideally, the orientation should answer the questions
“who,” “where, and “when.” So, when reading the orientation part, we should be able to
identify the character and setting (both time and place) of the story.
2. Complication
This section contains the problems that occur within a story. It is divided into three parts,
namely:
Rising action: Problems begin to emerge
Climax: Peak of the problem
Falling action: The tension of the problem begins to decrease, and the solution starts to
emerge

3. Resolution
The resolution is the part of the narrative where the conflict or problem introduced earlier in
the story is resolved or addressed. This may involve characters finding a solution to their
issues, overcoming obstacles, or experiencing personal growth. The resolution helps tie up
loose ends, providing closure for the reader and allowing them to see how the events of the
story have impacted the characters.
4. Re-orientation / Evaluation
Re-orientation, also known as evaluation, is an optional component of a narrative text that
serves to reflect on the story and its events, reinforcing the moral lesson or theme. This
section typically appears at the end of the story, providing a summary or commentary on the
characters’ experiences and the consequences of their actions. It helps the reader understand
the significance of the story and encourages them to consider the message or lesson the
author intended to convey.
The points mentioned above are the basic components of a narrative text structure, but it is
important to note that not all narrative texts follow this exact structure. Some narratives may
include additional elements, such as flashbacks, multiple perspectives, or non-linear
timelines. Nevertheless, the basic structure described above provides a useful framework for
understanding and analyzing narrative texts.

Types of narrative texts:

There are lots of different kinds of narrative texts, such as:
1. Fictional narrative
A fictional narrative is a story that is not based on real events or real people. It can be a novel,
short story, fable, or fairy tale.
Example :
"The Enchanted Forest"
Once upon a time, in a small village nestled at the edge of a dense forest, there lived a young
girl named Lily. She was known for her adventurous spirit and love for nature. One day, while
exploring the outskirts of the village, Lily stumbled upon a hidden path that led deep into the heart of
the forest.
Curiosity got the better of her, and Lily decided to follow the path. As she ventured further,
the trees grew taller and the air became filled with a magical aura. Suddenly, she found herself
standing in front of a magnificent gate adorned with intricate carvings and glowing with an
otherworldly light.
Without hesitation, Lily pushed open the gate and stepped into a world unlike any she had
ever seen. The forest was alive with vibrant colors and sparkling creatures. Flowers bloomed in every
shade imaginable, and the trees whispered secrets in the wind.
As Lily explored deeper into the enchanted forest, she encountered a group of talking
animals. There was a wise old owl, a mischievous squirrel, and a graceful deer. They welcomed her
with open arms and shared stories of the forest's ancient magic.
Guided by her newfound friends, Lily embarked on a quest to restore balance to the forest.
She learned that an evil sorceress had cast a spell, causing the forest to wither and lose its magic. The
animals believed that Lily was the chosen one who could break the spell and bring back the forest's
enchantment.
Together, they faced numerous challenges and overcame treacherous obstacles. Lily's bravery
and determination never wavered. She solved riddles, battled mythical creatures, and collected rare
ingredients needed to break the sorceress's spell.
Finally, after a long and arduous journey, Lily stood before the sorceress in her hidden lair.
With a flick of her wrist, Lily used the ancient incantation she had learned to break the spell. The
forest immediately burst back to life, with flowers blooming and animals dancing in joy.
As a token of gratitude, the forest bestowed upon Lily a magical amulet that would forever
connect her to its wonders. With a heavy heart, Lily bid farewell to her animal friends and returned to
her village, forever changed by her extraordinary adventure.
From that day forward, Lily became the village's storyteller, sharing tales of the enchanted
forest and inspiring others to embrace the magic that lies within nature. And every now and then, she
would venture back into the forest, where she would find solace and a sense of belonging in the world
that had captured her heart.

2. Autobiography
An autobiography is a narrative text that tells the life story of the author, written from a first-
person perspective.
Example :
"My Journey to Becoming a Musician"
I was born in a small town called Harmonyville, where music filled the air and creativity
thrived. From a young age, I was drawn to the enchanting melodies and rhythmic beats that echoed
through the streets. It was in this musical haven that my journey as a musician began.
As a child, I was always captivated by the sound of the piano. I would spend hours sitting at
my grandmother's old upright piano, tinkering with the keys and creating my own melodies. It was
during these moments that I discovered my passion for music.
 At the age of seven, I started taking formal piano lessons. My teacher, Mrs. Johnson,
recognized my talent and nurtured my love for music. She introduced me to classical composers like
Mozart and Beethoven, and I was mesmerized by the emotions their music evoked.
As the years went by, my skills on the piano grew, and I began exploring other instruments as
well. I picked up the guitar and taught myself how to strum chords and play my favorite songs. I also
dabbled in singing, joining the school choir and performing in local talent shows.
In high school, I formed a band with some friends who shared my passion for music. We
spent countless hours practicing in our parents' garages, honing our skills and writing our own songs.
We dreamed of one day performing on big stages and sharing our music with the world.
After graduating from high school, I made the decision to pursue a career in music. I enrolled
in a prestigious music school, where I studied composition and music theory. The rigorous training
pushed me to my limits, but I knew that this was the path I was meant to take.
During my time in music school, I had the opportunity to collaborate with talented musicians
and perform in various concerts and events. The stage became my second home, and the thrill of
performing in front of a live audience fueled my passion even more.
After completing my studies, I embarked on a journey as a professional musician. I joined a
band and started performing at local venues, gradually building a following and gaining recognition in
the music industry. I also began writing and recording my own music, pouring my heart and soul into
every lyric and melody.
Over the years, I have had the privilege of touring different cities, sharing my music with
diverse audiences, and connecting with people through the universal language of music. It has been a
rollercoaster ride of highs and lows, but I wouldn't trade it for anything else.
Music has not only been my career but also my solace and my voice. It has allowed me to
express my emotions, tell my stories, and touch the lives of others. It has taught me resilience,
perseverance, and the power of following my dreams.
As I continue on my musical journey, I am grateful for every note, every chord, and every
person who has supported me along the way. Music has shaped me into the person I am today, and I
am excited to see where this beautiful journey takes me next.

3. Biography
A biography is a narrative text that tells the life story of someone other than the author,
written from a third-person perspective.
Example :
"The Life and Legacy of Marie Curie"
Marie Curie was a remarkable scientist whose groundbreaking discoveries revolutionized the
field of physics and earned her a place in history as one of the most influential figures in science.
Marie Skłodowska was born on November 7, 1867, in Warsaw, Poland. She grew up in a
family that valued education and encouraged her intellectual pursuits. Despite facing numerous
obstacles as a woman in a male-dominated field, Marie's passion for learning and her determination
propelled her forward.
In 1891, Marie left Poland and moved to Paris, France, to pursue her studies at the prestigious
Sorbonne University. It was there that she met Pierre Curie, a fellow scientist who would become her
partner in both life and work. They married in 1895 and embarked on a scientific journey that would
change the world.
Marie's first major breakthrough came in 1898 when she discovered a new radioactive
element, which she named polonium after her native Poland. Shortly after, she and Pierre discovered
another radioactive element, radium. Their groundbreaking research on radioactivity earned them the
Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903, making Marie the first woman to ever receive this prestigious award.
 Tragedy struck in 1906 when Pierre Curie tragically died in a road accident. Despite the
devastating loss, Marie continued her work and became the first female professor at the University of
Paris. She dedicated herself to furthering her research on radioactivity and its medical applications.
During World War I, Marie Curie's scientific expertise proved invaluable. She established
mobile radiography units, known as "Little Curies," to provide X-rays for diagnosing injuries on the
battlefield. Her selfless dedication to saving lives earned her the admiration and respect of many.
In 1911, Marie received her second Nobel Prize, this time in Chemistry, for her discovery of
radium and polonium and her pioneering research on radioactivity. She became the first person, and to
this day the only woman, to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields.
Marie Curie's contributions to science extended far beyond her own research. She inspired
countless others, especially women, to pursue careers in science and break down barriers. She
believed that education and knowledge were the keys to progress and worked tirelessly to promote
scientific education for all.
Sadly, Marie's relentless exposure to radioactive materials took a toll on her health. She
passed away on July 4, 1934, due to complications from prolonged exposure to radiation. However,
her legacy lives on, and her contributions to science continue to shape our understanding of the world.
Marie Curie's life serves as a testament to the power of perseverance, passion, and the pursuit
of knowledge. Her groundbreaking discoveries and unwavering dedication to science have left an
indelible mark on the world, inspiring generations of scientists to push the boundaries of what is
possible.

4. Memori
A memoir is a narrative text that focuses on a particular period or event in the author’s life,
often written from a first-person perspective.
Example :
"A Childhood Memory: The Magical Summer Vacation"
When I think back to my childhood, one particular memory stands out vividly in my mind. It
was the summer vacation of my seventh year, a time filled with endless adventures and magical
moments.
My family and I had planned a trip to a remote countryside village, nestled amidst rolling hills
and lush greenery. As we arrived, I was immediately captivated by the picturesque beauty of the place.
The air was filled with the sweet scent of wildflowers, and the sound of chirping birds echoed through
the tranquil surroundings.
We stayed in a cozy cottage, surrounded by a vast garden. Each morning, I would wake up to
the gentle rays of the sun streaming through my window, filling my room with warmth and promise. It
was a feeling of pure bliss, knowing that each day held new adventures waiting to be discovered.
One of my fondest memories from that summer was exploring the nearby forest with my
older brother. We would embark on grand expeditions, armed with our trusty backpacks and a sense of
wonder. We would hike through winding trails, discovering hidden streams and secret clearings where
we would build forts out of fallen branches.
One day, as we ventured deeper into the forest, we stumbled upon a hidden waterfall. The
sight took my breath away. The water cascaded down the rocks, creating a mesmerizing display of
shimmering droplets. We spent hours playing in the cool, refreshing water, feeling like we had
discovered a hidden paradise.
Another cherished memory from that summer was the evenings spent around a crackling
bonfire. As the sun set, we would gather around the fire, roasting marshmallows and sharing stories.
The flames danced in the darkness, casting a warm glow on our faces as we laughed and bonded as a
family.
 But perhaps the most magical moment of all was when we witnessed a meteor shower. On a
clear night, we lay on a blanket in the garden, gazing up at the starry sky. Suddenly, streaks of light
began to shoot across the heavens, leaving trails of brilliance in their wake. It felt as if the universe
was putting on a spectacular show just for us, and in that moment, I felt a profound sense of awe and
wonder.
As the summer vacation came to an end, I couldn't help but feel a tinge of sadness. The
memories we had created during those precious weeks would forever hold a special place in my heart.
They were a reminder of the joy and innocence of childhood, a time when the world seemed full of
endless possibilities.
Even now, as an adult, I often find myself reminiscing about that magical summer vacation. It
serves as a reminder to embrace the beauty of the present moment, to seek out adventures, and to
cherish the memories that shape our lives.

5. Legend
A legend is kind of a folklore. It’s a traditional story that has been passed on for generations –
it often explains the origins of a particular culture or society.
Example :
"The Legend of Mount Bromo"
Long ago, in the mystical land of Java, there stood a mighty volcano named Mount Bromo.
The locals believed that the volcano was not just a natural wonder but also the dwelling place of the
gods. They revered the mountain and believed it held great spiritual significance.
According to the legend, there was once a powerful kingdom ruled by a wise and just king.
The kingdom prospered under his rule, and the people lived in harmony. However, the king had a
beautiful daughter named Rara Anteng, who had captured the hearts of many suitors.
One day, a wicked giant named Brahma appeared in the kingdom. He was captivated by Rara
Anteng's beauty and demanded that she marry him. The king, unwilling to sacrifice his daughter's
happiness, refused the giant's request.
Enraged by the king's defiance, Brahma unleashed his fury upon the kingdom. He caused a
massive eruption from Mount Bromo, spewing ash and lava, and threatening to destroy everything in
its path. The people were terrified, and the king knew he had to find a way to appease the giant's
wrath.
In desperation, the king sought the guidance of a wise old sage. The sage revealed that the
only way to calm the giant was to offer a sacrifice. The sacrifice had to be a brave prince who would
willingly jump into the crater of Mount Bromo.
The king, torn between his love for his daughter and the safety of his kingdom, made a
difficult decision. He announced that any prince who volunteered to sacrifice himself would be
granted the hand of Princess Rara Anteng in marriage.
Many princes from neighboring kingdoms came forward, hoping to win the princess's hand
and save their lands from destruction. But one prince, named Joko Seger, stood out among them all.
He was brave, noble, and deeply in love with Rara Anteng.
Joko Seger, without hesitation, declared that he would be the sacrifice. He bid farewell to his
beloved and climbed the treacherous slopes of Mount Bromo. As he reached the edge of the crater, he
turned back one last time, gazing at Rara Anteng with love and determination.
With a final leap, Joko Seger plunged into the fiery depths of the volcano. The earth trembled,
and the skies roared as the sacrifice was made. Miraculously, the eruption ceased, and Mount Bromo
fell silent once again.
 The people mourned the loss of their brave prince but celebrated the salvation of their
kingdom. In honor of Joko Seger's sacrifice, the king declared that the mountain would forever be
known as Mount Bromo, derived from the words "Brahma" and "Joko Seger."
To this day, the legend of Mount Bromo lives on, reminding the people of Java of the power
of love, sacrifice, and the eternal bond between a brave prince and his beloved princess.

2. Explanation Text
An Explanation text is a piece of non-fiction writing explaining an action process or event in
a detailed but simple way. It features numbered points, time connectives, pictures, diagrams,
labels and captions to help the receiver understand the process of what's being delivered.
a. Title
Explanations have a title that prepares and leads the reader to the text.This can appear in
avariety of forms from a heading that names the action to a how and why question or a
problemthat is to be answered by the explanation.
b. General statement
The first paragraph has a general statementthat introduces or identifies the scientific
ortechnical phenomenon. It gives the audiencea brief introduction to the event or thing andan
understanding of the type of text that isto follow.
c. Sequenced explanation
At this stage students’ explanations are developing causal relationships as well as sequential
ones. The logically sequenced paragraphs explain why or how something happens rather than
focusing on an object.
d. Closing / Concluding statement
An optional concluding statement can tie up the explanation.

Example 1 :
How Do Fish Breathe?
• General statement
All animals breathe just like humans. How they breathe, however, varies. Breathe by inhaling
oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide as waste. Air flows in through the human’s nose or
mouth into the lungs where oxygen is transported through the blood to the rest of the human
body. Humans need air to breathe. So, what does that mean for animals that live in the water?
• Sequenced Explanation
Like humans, fish also need oxygen and emit carbon dioxide to survive. But using the lungs,
these creatures that live in water use organs called gills. The gills are organs located on the
sides of the fish’s head. These gills have many small blood vessels called capillaries.
When the fish opens, the water will flow over the gills. After that, the blood in the capillaries
will pick up oxygen that is soluble in water. The blood then moves through the fish’s body to
provide oxygen throughout the body, just like in humans.
All bony fish also have a bony plate called an operculum. This operculum is useful for
opening and closing to protect the gills. Breathing underwater is difficult. The air we breathe
has an oxygen concentration of 200,000 parts per million.
Whereas water only has a concentration of 4 to 8 parts per million. This means fish need to
flow a lot of water over their gills to get the amount of oxygen to survive. In addition, the
gills are very useful for extracting the oxygen needed by fish.
Breathing becomes more difficult as the oxygen concentration decreases. Low levels of
oxygen concentration make it impossible for animals to survive. Although it can occur
naturally, it can also be created by human activity.
When pollution is high, such as waste dumped into the sea, this will cause algae blooms
which then die and decompose. Furthermore, it will cause the zone to have a low oxygen
concentration level of oxygen

• Closing / Concluding statement

Fish need clean water to breathe. Similarly, humans need clean air to breathe. Humans can
help these gilled creatures to thrive by keeping their habitat free of pollutants.

3. Descriptive Text

Definition of Descriptive Text

Descriptive text is a text that explains wbout whether a person or an object is like, whether its
form, its properties, its amount and others. The purpose of the descriptive
text is clear, that is to describe, represent or reveal a person or an object, either abstract or
concrete.

Generic Structure of Descriptive Text. When writing descriptive text, there are some generic
structures, (actually not mandatory) for our writing to be true.
The arrangement is:
A. Identification: (contains about the introduction of a person, Place, animal or object will be
described.
B. Description: contains a description of something such as Animal, things, place or person
by decribing its features, forms, Colors, or anything related to what the writer describe.
Purpose of Descriptive text :
A. To describe person, thing or place in specific
B. To describe a particular person, thing or place.

Language Feature of Descriptive Text 1 :

1. Specific participant : has a certain object, is not common andUnique (only one). For
example: Bandengan beach, my house, Borobudur temple, uncle Jim.
2. The use of the adjective (an adjective) to clarify the noun, for Example: a beautiful beach,
a handsome man, the famous place In jepara, etc.
3. The use of simple present tense: The sentence pattern used is Simple present because it
tells the fact of the object described.
4. Action verb: verbs that show an activity (for example, run, Sleep, walk, cut etc….

Example of Descriptive Text :

"The Enchanting Cherry Blossoms"

Cherry blossoms, also known as sakura, are a breathtaking sight to behold. These
delicate flowers are native to several countries in East Asia, including Japan, Korea, and
China. Every spring, when the weather begins to warm, cherry blossoms burst into bloom,
transforming the landscape into a mesmerizing sea of pink and white.
The cherry blossom trees are known for their graceful and elegant appearance. They
typically have slender trunks and branches that spread out in a captivating display. The
branches are adorned with clusters of small, five-petaled flowers that hang delicately, creating
a dreamlike atmosphere.
The flowers themselves are a sight to behold. Each blossom consists of soft, delicate
petals that range in color from pale pink to vibrant magenta. The petals are arranged in a way
that gives the flowers a distinct cup-like shape. When the blossoms are in full bloom, they
create a stunning visual spectacle, as if nature has painted the world with shades of pink and
white.
The fragrance of cherry blossoms is equally enchanting. As you walk beneath the
blooming trees, a gentle breeze carries the sweet scent of the flowers, filling the air with a
subtle perfume. The fragrance is delicate and ephemeral, just like the blossoms themselves,
adding to the overall sensory experience.
Cherry blossoms hold great cultural significance in many East Asian countries. In
Japan, for example, the blooming of cherry blossoms is celebrated with hanami, a traditional
custom of enjoying the beauty of the flowers. People gather in parks and gardens, spreading
out picnic blankets beneath the cherry trees, and spend hours admiring the blossoms, sipping
tea, and enjoying the company of friends and family.
The beauty of cherry blossoms is fleeting, as the flowers only bloom for a short
period, usually a week or two. This ephemeral nature adds to their allure, symbolizing the
transient beauty of life and reminding us to appreciate the present moment.
In conclusion, cherry blossoms are a captivating natural wonder. Their delicate petals,
enchanting fragrance, and cultural significance make them a cherished symbol of beauty and
renewal. Witnessing the blooming of cherry blossoms is a truly magical experience that
leaves a lasting impression on all who have the privilege to behold it.

4. Discussion Text
What is a discussion text?
Imagine you and your friends are chatting about a topic, and each of you has a different
perspective or opinion.
A discussion text is like that conversation written down!
It’s all about presenting various viewpoints and arguments, so that readers can understand the
different aspects and make their own informed decisions.
What are the purposes of a discussion text?
Inform: A discussion text aims to inform readers about a particular topic, issue, or question by
presenting different perspectives, opinions, or arguments.
Encourage critical thinking: By exploring various viewpoints, discussion texts encourage
readers to think critically, analyze different perspectives, and develop their own opinions.
Stimulate debate: By presenting contrasting ideas, discussion texts can spark conversations
and debates among readers, fostering a deeper understanding of the issue at hand.

What are the characteristics of a discussion text?

1. Thinking verbs
These verbs describe mental processes or cognitive actions, such as thinking, believing,
understanding, considering, or assuming. They can be employed in a discussion text to
present the thoughts or opinions of the writer, experts, or others involved in the debate.
Example: Many believe that the government should invest more in renewable energy.
2. Modal verbs
Modal verbs (such as can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must) express
possibility, probability, necessity, or obligation. They can be used in discussion texts to
indicate the level of certainty or commitment to a particular viewpoint.
Example: Parents should encourage their children to read more books.
3. Adverbs of manner
Adverbs of manners describe how an action is performed, giving more information about a
verb. They can be helpful in a discussion text to provide emphasis or to clarify the way a
point is being made. Some common adverbs of manners include clearly, quickly, slowly,
carefully, and strongly.
Example: The economy has grown rapidly in recent years, leading to an increase in job
opportunities.
4. Connectives
Connectives are words or phrases that link ideas, sentences, or paragraphs. They help guide
the reader through the text and show the relationships between the different arguments. Some
common connectives used in discussion texts include ‘however,’ ‘on the other hand’, ‘in
contrast’, ‘moreover’, ‘furthermore’.
Example: The new law is expected to improve public safety, however, some critics argue that
it infringes on personal freedom.

5. Analytical Text

Definition of Analytical Exposition Text

Analytical Exposition is a text that elaborates the writer‘s idea about the phenomenon
surrounding. Its social function is to persuade the reader that the idea is important matter, and
to analyze the topic that the thesis/opinion is correct by developing an argument to support it.

Generic Structure of Analytical Exposition Text

1. Thesis: Introducing the topic and indicating the writer’s point of vview
2. Argument : Explaining the argument to support the writer’s position. The number of
arguments may vary, but each argument must be supported by evidence and eexplanation
3. Reiteration: Restating the writer’s point of view / to strengthen the thesis. We can use the
following phrase to make conclusion in reiteration :
From the fact above …
I personally believe …
Therefore, my conclusion is …
In conclusion …

Purpose of Analytical Exposition Text

– To convince the reader that the topics presented was an important topic to be discussed or
gained attention by way of providing arguments or opinions that support the main idea or
topic.

The Characteristics / Language Feature of Analytical Exposition Text:

– Using relational process
– Using internal conjunction
– Using causal conjunction
– Using Simple Present Tense
– Using compound and complex sentence.
– Use word that link argument, such as firstly, secondly, and reasoning through causal
conjunction, such as in addition, furthermore, however, therefore.

Example of Analytical Exposition Text :

Example 1
"The Benefits of Early Childhood Education"
Introduction:
Early childhood education plays a crucial role in a child’s development. It provides a
foundation for future learning and contributes to their overall growth and success. Therefore,
it is important to understand the benefits of early childhood education and support its
implementation.

Arguments:
Firstly, early childhood education enhances cognitive development. During the early
years, children’s brains are rapidly developing, and quality education in a stimulating
environment can foster their cognitive skills, problem-solving abilities, and critical thinking.
It lays the groundwork for a lifelong love of learning and prepares them for academic
success.
Secondly, early childhood education promotes social and emotional development.
Through interaction with peers and teachers, children learn important social skills such as
sharing, communication, and cooperation. They also develop emotional intelligence, self-
regulation, and empathy, which are crucial for building healthy relationships and navigating
the challenges of life.
Furthermore, early childhood education prepares children for future success. Research
shows that children who participate in high-quality early education programs are more
likely to perform well academically, graduate from high school, and pursue higher
 education or successful careers. They develop a strong foundation in literacy,
numeracy, and problem-solving, setting them up for a lifetime of achievement.
Critics may argue that early childhood education is not necessary and that children should
simply play and explore. While play is an essential part of early childhood, structured
educational programs provide a balanced approach that combines play-based learning with
intentional teaching, maximizing the child’s learning potential.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, early childhood education offers numerous benefits for children’s
cognitive, social, and emotional development. It prepares them for future success, both
academically and in life. Therefore, it is important to invest in high-quality early childhood
education programs and ensure that all children have access to these opportunities for their
optimal growth and development.

Example 2
"The Impact of Social Media on Society"

Introduction:

Social media has become an integral part of our lives, transforming the way we
communicate and interact. While it offers many benefits, it is important to critically examine
the impact of social media on society and consider both its positive and negative aspects.

Arguments:
Firstly, social media enhances connectivity and communication. It allows people to
connect with friends, family, and communities regardless of geographical boundaries. It
provides a platform for sharing ideas, information, and experiences, fostering a sense of
belonging and promoting cultural exchange. It has revolutionized activism and social
movements, empowering individuals to raise awareness and create social change.
Secondly, social media has a significant impact on mental health. Excessive use of
social media has been linked to increased feelings of loneliness, depression, and anxiety. The
constant exposure to carefully curated images and unrealistic portrayals can lead to low self-
esteem and body image issues, especially among young people. It is important to use social
media mindfully and promote healthy online habits.
Furthermore, social media has influenced the spread of misinformation and fake
news. The ease of sharing information on social media platforms has led to the rapid
dissemination of unverified or false information, which can have serious consequences for
society. It is crucial for individuals to critically evaluate the information they encounter and
verify its authenticity before sharing.
Conclusion:
Social media has both positive and negative impacts on society. While it enhances
connectivity and communication, it also has detrimental effects on mental health and
contributes to the spread of misinformation.

Example 3
"The Advantages of Renewable Energy Sources"
Introduction:
Renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydropower, offer numerous
advantages over traditional fossil fuels. They play a crucial role in combating climate change
and promoting a sustainable future. Therefore, it is important to understand the benefits of
renewable energy and support its widespread adoption.

Arguments:
Renewable energy sources are environmentally friendly. Unlike fossil fuels, they
produce minimal greenhouse gas emissions, reducing the impact of climate change and air
pollution. They help to mitigate global warming and decrease our dependence on finite fossil
fuel reserves, promoting a cleaner and more sustainable environment.
Renewable energy sources are abundant and inexhaustible. The sun, wind, and water
are natural resources that can be harnessed to generate clean energy. Unlike fossil fuels,
which are finite and subject to depletion, renewable energy sources provide a long-term and
sustainable solution to meet our energy needs
Furthermore, renewable energy sources offer economic benefits. The renewable
energy industry has the potential to create jobs and stimulate economic growth. Investments
in renewable energy projects can drive innovation, foster technological advancements, and
provide opportunities for local communities. It can also reduce energy costs in the long run,
as renewable energy becomes more affordable and accessible.

Conclusion:
Renewable energy sources offer significant advantages over traditional fossil fuels.
They are environmentally friendly, abundant, and provide economic benefits. By
transitioning to renewable energy, we can combat climate change, reduce pollution, and
create a sustainable future. It is crucial to support and invest in renewable energy initiatives to
secure a cleaner and more prosperous planet for future generations.
 6. Offering Services
INTRODUCTION
Offering itself means the action of someone offering something. And in this case, the action
was carried out voluntarily without coercion from anyone. Asking help is a phrase or
expression for asking other people for help when you need help. Meanwhile, offering help is
an expression for offering help. This phrase or expression can also be formal and informal.
You must be able to adjust which expressions are suitable in formal situations and which
expressions are suitable for informal situations

Social Function Offering Help and Service

Surely many of you are asking, what is the social function of Offering Help and Service? So,
its social function is to help interpersonal relationships between fellow human beings.
Because by offering help and services to people in need, it shows that at least we care about
the fellow humans around us and are sensitive to the current situation.

Examples of Offering Help and Service Sentences

So, next we will discuss several examples of sentences that can be used to offer help and
service, both formally and informally.

Social Function of Offering Help and Service

The social function of offering help and service is to enhance interpersonal relationships,
showcasing care and sensitivity toward others in need.

Examples of Offering Help and Service Sentences

Formal :
- "May I assist you in any way?"
- "If you require aid, please reach out to me."
- "Perhaps, I could be of assistance?"
- "Can I be your assistant?"
- "Do you mind if I lend a hand?"
- "Let me offer my help."

Informal :
- "Need any help?"
- "If you need anything, just let me know."
- "I'm here to assist you. How can I help?"
- "Can I be of any service to you?"
- "Do you want me to lend a hand?"
- "Let me know if you need any help.

Examples of Asking for Help Sentences

Formal :
- "Excuse me, could you please assist me in finding the library? I seem to be lost."
- "I would greatly appreciate your help in understanding this math problem. Could you
explain it to me?"
- "Would it be possible for you to lend me your notes? I missed the lecture and need to catch
up."
- "I'm struggling with this science experiment. Could you provide some guidance or
assistance?"
- "If you have a moment, could you please proofread my essay? I would appreciate your
feedback."

Informal :
- "Hey, can you help me find the library? I'm totally lost."
- "I need your help with this math problem. Can you explain it to me?"
- "Do you mind sharing your notes? I missed the class and need to catch up."
- "I'm struggling with this science experiment. Can you give me some guidance or help?"
- "If you're not busy, could you take a look at my essay? I'd appreciate your feedback."

Expressions of Receiving (Accepting Help)

Formal :
- "Thank you for offering your assistance. I gladly accept your help in finding the library."
- "I appreciate your willingness to explain the math problem to me. I accept your help
gratefully."
- "Thank you for offering to lend me your notes. I accept your kind offer to help me catch
up."
- "I'm grateful for your guidance and assistance with the science experiment. I accept your
help wholeheartedly."
- "Thank you for offering to proofread my essay. I accept your offer and look forward to your
feedback."
Informal :
- "Thanks for offering to help me find the library. I appreciate it, and I gladly accept your
assistance."
- "I'm grateful that you're willing to explain the math problem to me. I accept your help with
open arms."
- "Thanks for offering to share your notes. I accept your kind offer to help me catch up."
- "I really appreciate your guidance and assistance with the science experiment. I accept
your help wholeheartedly."
- "Thanks for offering to proofread my essay. I accept your offer and can't wait to hear your
feedback."

Expressions for Refusing (Refusing to Help)

- "Thanks for offering your services, but I've already got someone else helping me out."
- "I appreciate your offer to help, but I think I can handle this task on my own."
- "I get that you're offering your services, but I've already found someone else who can
assist me."
- "Thanks for your kind offer, but I've already made other arrangements for the service I
need."
- "I appreciate your willingness to provide your services, but I've decided to go with a
different option."

Rejection Response (Declining)

-“Thank you for offering your services, but I have already made arrangements with
someone else."
- "I appreciate your offer to help, but I believe I can handle this task on my own."
- "I understand that you're offering your services, but I have already found someone who
can assist me."
- "Thank you for your kind offer, but I have already made other arrangements for the
service I need."
- "I appreciate your willingness to provide your services, but I have decided to go with a
different option."

8. Caption
Definition
Caption is something to interpret or provide information on an image or video that will be
posted in an article to emphasize the content of an article, essay report, and so on.

Social Function/Purpose
To help the readers or viewers to understand more information that might not be in photos or
videos,to increase the credibility of an image or video that is given a caption, as a way to get
lots of people interested in watching videos or images.

Types of Caption Text

1. Identifcation bar
This type of caption text is usually used to explain or identify each person in the photo,
but does not explain a story. The focus in this type of identification caption text is on
clarity.

2. Cutline
Cutline type captions are the ones most often found in images and writing in newspapers
and media, both offline and online. The cutline caption explains the subject in the image
and what the subject is doing.
3. Story telling caption
Story-telling captions are the ideal type of caption and can be used whenever possible.
This type of caption will tell a story behind the image. By using this type of caption it will
usually be more interesting to read

4. Summary
summary caption type, usually contains an explanation of the subject in the picture, the
activity carried out in the picture, the time of the incident, the location of the incident and
the reason why the activity was carried out.

5. Expanded
The expanded caption type is the type of caption with the most complete information. As
the name of the type suggests, this expanded caption text is a development of the previous
text, especially the summary caption.

6. Group Identification
 Group Captions are usually used to explain multiple images. This caption should have at
least two sentences per image and include a quote whenever possible. Group captions
must be clear about which image each caption describes .

7. Quote
This type of catption contains quotes from someone’s words related to picture.

How To Write a Caption

1. Observe the picture or video you will give the caption
2. Find out the message that will be sent from the picture before you write caption
3. Write sentence or phrase under the picture

Language features
1.Use Simple Present Tense
2.Do not begin with the word a, an, or the
3.Use direct speech atau quoted speech
Generic structure caption text
1. Title
A name used for a book or chapter in a book that can briefly imply the content or purpose of
the book or chapter.
2. Lead
Lead is content that informs about the things in the image. The content of the lead must be
written specifically, so that readers can be interested.
3. Section heading
The purpose of the section heading is to provide information on each available image.

CHAPTER III
 CLOSING
CONCLUSION

In conclusion, this paper highlights the essential elements of English

language acquisition, emphasizing the significance of Grammar, Pronunciation,
and Reading Comprehension.
It underlines how Grammar serves as the structural foundation,
influencing sentence construction and meaning, while Reading Comprehension
involves decoding symbols and forming meaningful mental models of text.
The central challenge explored is how individuals, beyond native
speakers, can enhance their English proficienc by mastering these fundamental
components.

ADVICE

For those aspiring to improve their English skills, focus on mastering

Grammar rules and pronunciation, as they lay the groundwork for effective
communication.
Additionally, invest time in developing Reading Comprehension skills by
practicing the interpretation of texts, which will contribute to a deeper
understanding of the language.
Embrace the journey of language learning with curiosity and persistence,
as it (MURTA, 2023)opens doors to diverse opportunities and fosters a more
inclusive and appreciative approach to communication.

AUTHOR PROFILE
Name : Aji saka kertanegara
place, date of birth : Lumajang 28 April 2006
Addres : Jl. Praja Bhakti E2 No.80

Name : David Thomas Joostensz

place, date of birth : Balikpapan, 19 Juli 2006
Addres : Asrama Brimob stalkuda, RT 21 blok F no 13

Name : Duta Haical Situmorang

place, date of birth : Balikpapan, 3 Mei 2006
Addres : Asrama Brimob stalkuda, RT 21 blok F no 13

Name : Faris Nadhif Ashari

place, date of birth : Jakarta, 25 April 2006
Addres : Perumahan Griya nureka No, 35. Rt.08, Kel sepinggan baru, Kec
balikpapan selatan, Kota Balikapapan

Name : Fayvell Derryl Manopo

place, date of birth : Balikpapan, 18 Desember 2005
Addres : Jl. sepinggan Baru no 01 Perumahan pondok bukit lestari RT 56

Name : Gideon Renold P Simangunsong

place, date of birth : Balikpapan, 19 April 2006
Addres : Jl. Mukmin Faisal RT. 56

Name : Ida Bagus Putu Mahendradata

place, date of birth : Balikpapan, 9 February 2006
Addres : Perum Pelangi Cozy Residance, Rt. 57, Blok B, No. 11

Name : Rachel Gladyola Marisa Situmorang

place, date of birth : Balikpapan, 12 September 2006
Addres : Griya Permata Asri, Jl. Musi, No. 60A

Name : Rivandy Axel Deanevan

place, date of birth : Tarakan, 6 Oktober 2006
Addres : Jl.Marsma R Iswahyudi RT 1 No 87

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