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Bk4a01 e
Bk4a01 e
75 = 5 15
=
∴ All the factors of 75 are 1, 3, 5, 15, 25 and 75.
∴ =
3. 2 + 3 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 12 + 16 + 24 = 75
3 + 5 + 15 + 25 = 48
Instant Drill 3 (P.1.15)
The sum of all the factors of a number (except 1 and
(a) i i) = 1)i
the number itself) is the other number.
= –12i
(b) (2i 3i)(2i + 3i) = [(2 3)i][(2 + 3)i]
Instant Drill 1 (P.1.4)
= (i)(5i)
(a) Let x = .
= 5i2
x = 0.444 4… ............ (1)
= 5(1)
10x = 4.444 4… ............ (2)
=5
(2) (1): 9x = 4
(c) 7i 2i = (7 2)i1 + 3
3
x= = 14i4
= 14(i2)(i2)
∴ =
= 14(1)(1)
(b) Let x = . = 14
x = 0.077 77… ........... (1)
10x = 0.777 7… ............ (2)
(2) (1): 9x = 0.7
x=
(d) = 3i4 1
∴ =
= 3i3
= 3(i2)(i)
= 3(1)(i)
Instant Drill 2 (P.1.5) = 3i
(a) Let x = .
x = 0.525 252… ........ (1) Instant Drill 4 (P.1.15)
(a) = i
= 7i i Instant Drill 8 (P.1.19)
= (7 1)i
(a) =
= 6i
(b) = =
= (2i)(10i)
= 20i2 =
= 20(1)
= 20 =
=
Instant Drill 5 (P.1.16)
(a) (3 + 4i) + (1 8i) = (3 + 1) + [4 + (8)]i
(b) =
= 2 4i
(b) (1 + 4i) (2 + 5i) = (1 2) + (4 5)i
=
= 1 i
=
Instant Drill 6 (P.1.17)
(a) (2 + i) + (5 6i) (7 3i) =
= (2 + 5 7) + [1 + (6) (3)]i
=
= 4 2i
(b) (8 + 9i) (3 + i) + (1 4i) = 1 4i
= (8 3 + 1) + [9 1 + (4)]i
= 6 + 4i Instant Drill 9 (P.1.20)
(a) =
Instant Drill 7 (P.1.18)
(a) 2i(1 + 6i) = 2i + 12i2 =
= 2i + 12(1)
= 12 + 2i =
(b) (1 2i)(2 + i) = (1 2i)(2) + (1 2i)(i)
= 2 4i + i 2i2 =
= 2 3i 2(1)
=
= 4 3i
=1i
(c) (3i + 4)2 = (3i)2 + 2(3i)(4) + 42 (b) =
= 9i2 + 24i + 16
= 9(1) + 24i + 16 =
= 7 + 24i
(d) (2 7i)(2 + 7i) = (2)2 (7i)2 =
= 4 49i2
=
= 4 49(1)
= 53 = 2 11i
= 1 + i
Instant Drill 10 (P.1.20)
∴ =
(a) =
=
=
=
=
(b) =
= 2k 3i k
= k 3i =
(b) (4 k) =
=
=
=
= = 1 + 5i
= =
= 4 k 2ki + k =
= 4 2ki
=
Instant Drill 11 (P.1.21)
=
(a) =
=1i
= ∴ = (1 + 5i) + (1 i)
= = (1 + 1) + (5 1)i
= 2 + 4i
=
x = 0.888 8… .......... (1) 1. The real part is 1 and the imaginary part is 3.
x=
3. The real part is 8 and the imaginary part is .
∴ =
4. 5i 4 = 4 + 5i
(b) Let x = .
The real part is and the imaginary part is 5.
x = 0.131 313… ..... (1)
100x = 13.131 3… ....... (2)
5. =0+
(2) (1): 99x = 13
x=
∴ = 6. 9 = 9 + 0i
The real part is 9 and the imaginary part is 0.
7. =6+
(c) Let x = .
8. 8= 8 = 8 + 2i
x = 0.515 151… ..... (1)
The real part is and the imaginary part is 2.
= 25 + 20i + 4(1)
Instant Drill Corner 1.4 (P.1.22) = 21 + 20i
1. (a) 2(i 3i) = 2(1 3)i
(e) =
= 4i
(b) (5i 4i)(5i + 4i) = [(5 4)i][(5 + 4)i] =
= (i)(9i)
= 9i2 =
= 9(1) = 4 6i
= 9
(c) i 8i3 = (1 8)i1 + 3 (f) =
= 8i4
=
= 8(i2)(i2)
= 8(1)(1)
=
=8
(d) = 3i6 3 =
= 3i3 =
= 3(i2)(i) = 1 + 3i
= 3(1)(i)
= 3i
3. (a) ki = ki
(e) =
= 3i 2i
= ki
= (3 2)i
=i = ki
(f) =
= ki 3 ki
= (5i)(6i)
= 3 + (k k)i
= 30i2
= 3 2ki
= 30(1)
= 30 (b) (1 + ki) + = (1 + ki) +
= 1 2k + 2ki
4. (a) (8 + yi) (y + xi) = 4x 5i (h) Both the real part and the imaginary part of a
[8 (y)] + (y x)i = 4x 5i complex number are not necessarily integers.
(8 + y) + (y x)i = 4x 5i ∴ The statement is false.
∴
2. (a) 3 and 8 are natural numbers.
(1) (2): 8 + x = 4x + 5 (b) 6 and 15 are negative integers.
3 = 3x
(c) =
x=1
Substitute x = 1 into (2).
y 1 = 5
y = 4 rational numbers.
(b) (y + xi) + (3x + yi) = 1 + 7i
(d)
(y 3x) + (x + y)i = 1 + 7i
∴
Exercise 1A (P.1.11)
1. (a) ∵ Zero is neither positive nor negative.
decimal.
∴ The statement is false.
(c) = 4.181 818… =
(b) Any integer x can be written as .
∴
∴ The statement is true.
(c) Both rational numbers and irrational numbers
are real numbers. decimal.
∴ =
x=
by R and C.
(d) = ∴ =
represented by C.
8. Let x = .
(e)
x = 0.155 55… .......... (1)
represented by Q, R and C.
10x = 1.555 5… ............ (2)
(f) 1 =1 (2) (1): 9x = 1.4
=1 x=
= 1 2i
=
∴ =
represented by C.
x=
11. 4i = 0 4i
12. 1 + = (1 + ) + 0i
6. Let x = .
x = 1.333 3… ............ (1)
10x = 13.333 3… .......... (2)
13. (a)
(2) (1): 9x = 12
(or other reasonable answers)
x= (b)
(c) =1+4=5
∴
(or other reasonable answers)
(d) 2 + 2 = 4
(c) 1 + i and 2 3i are complex numbers but not
∴ The result of 2 + 2 is an irrational
real numbers. (or other reasonable answers)
number.
15. (a) = x = 6
(d) Real numbers can be classified as rational ∴ The equation has solutions in real numbers
(d) x2 =
(b) = x=
∴
∴ The equation has solutions in rational
numbers, real numbers and complex
numbers.
number.
1 2x = 5
18. Let x = . 2x = 4
x = 0.242 424… .......... (1) x = 2
100x = 24.242 4… ............ (2) (b) Real part of the complex number = 3x 4
(2) (1): 99x = 24 = 3(2) 4
= 10
x=
∴ =
= 55i2 = 18i2
= 55(1) = 18(1)
= 55 = 18
(d) i = (i )(i)
3 2
(c) =
= (1)(i)
= i =
=5
= 2i2
6. (a) (9 + i) 2i = 9 + (1 2)i
= 2(1)
=9i
= 2
(b) (6 + 4i) (10 3i) = (6 10) + [4 (3)]i
= 4 + 7i
3. (a) =
(c) (1 + 7i) (12 7i) = (1 12) + [7 (7)]i
= 3i + i
= 13 + 14i
= (3 + 1)i
= 4i
7. (a) i(6 + i) = 6i + i2
(b) =
= 1 6i
= 4i 2i
(b) (2 + i)(3 i) = (2 + i)(3) + (2 + i)(i)
= (4 2)i
= 6 + 3i 2i i2
= 2i
= 6 + i (1)
(c) =
=7+i
= 8i 11i
(c) (6 4i)(8 3i) = (6 4i)(8) + (6 4i)(3i)
= (8 11)i
= 48 32i 18i + 12i2
= 3i
= 48 50i + 12(1)
= 36 50i
4. (a) =i
= i(5i)
= 5i2 8. (a) (4 i)2 = 42 2(4)(i) + i2
= 16 8i + i2
= 5(1)
= 16 8i + (1)
= 5
(b) = = 15 8i
= 29 = (1)2n
=1
9. (a) =
(d) i4n + 3 = (i4n)(i3)
= (1)(i2)(i)
=
= (1)(i)
= = i
= a =2
5 + b = 1
= b =4
= (1) + (2): 4x = 8
x=2
Substitute x = 2 into (2).
10. (a) i5 = (i2)(i2)(i)
y 2(2) = 7
y = 11 = 13 + 11i
(d) (1 + 5i) (18 12i) (30 + 22i)
= [1 18 ( + [5 (12) 22]i
14. (a) = 7i6 – 1
= 13 5i
= 7i 5
= 7(i2)(i2)(i)
= 7(1)(1)(i)
= 7i
= 10i
= 81 180i + 100i2
= 81 180i + 100(1)
15. (a) =
= 19 180i
=
(d) (4 5i)(8 + i)(1 2i)
=
= = [(4 5i)(8) + (4 5i)(i)](1 2i)
= (3 + 7 5) + [2 + (1) 4]i
=
= 5 3i
(c) (2 + 12i) (6 i) + (9 2i)
=
= [2 (6) + 9] + [12 (1) + (2)]i
= 4 + 8i
(b) =
= (f) =
= =
= =
= =
= 3 + 2i
=
(c) =
= 3 + 5i
=
19. (a) =
=
=
=
=
(d) =
= 2ki + (ki )
= 4 + [2k + (k)]i
=
= 4 + ki
= = (5 ki)
= = (5 ki)
= = (5 ki)
= (3ki + k) (5 ki)
(e) =
= (k 5) + [3k (k)]i
= = k 5 + 4ki
= (1)(3i + 5i2) (8 i)
=
= [3i + 5(1)] (8 i)
= (3i + 5) (8 i) =
= (5 8) + [3 (1)]i
= 3 2i =
(d) = =
=
=
(b) =
=
= 2 3i =
∴ (7 + 10i) +
=
= (7 + 10i) + (2 3i)
= [(7) + 2] + [10 + (3)]i =
= 5 + 7i =5i
=
21. (a) =
=
=
= =
= =
= 1 3i
=
∴
=1i
= (1 9i) (1 3i)2
∴ = (5 i) + (1 i)
= (1 9i) [12 2(1)(3i) + (3i)2]
= (5 + 1) + [(1) + (1)]i
= (1 9i) (1 6i + 9i2)
= 6 2i
= (1 9i) [1 6i + 9(1)]
= (1 9i) (8 6i)
= [1 )] + [(9) (6)]i
= 9 3i
22. (a) =
26. =
=
∴ =
Supplementary Exercise 1 (P.1.27)
1. (a) 3 and 14 are positive integers.
(b) 6, 0, 3 and 14 are integers.
(c) 6. Let x = .
x = 1.266 66… ............. (1)
10x = 12.666 6… ............. (2)
(2) (1): 9x = 11.4
(d) x=
=
2. (a) = 5
∴ =
(b) = = 2i
7. (a) The real part is 9 and the imaginary part is 3.
(b) 5= 5 = 5 +
3. (a)
.
(c) = = 0 2i
decimals. The real part is 0 and the imaginary part is 2.
(b)
4. Let x = . = 15
(b) =
11. (a) (2 + i)(i 7) = (2 + i)(i) (2 + i)(7)
= = 2i + i2 14 7i
= 14 5i + i2
= = 14 5i + (1)
= 15 5i
=
(b) 1 2i(5 + i) = 1 10i 2i2
= 1 10i 2(1)
=
= 3 10i
(c) (5i + 2i)4 = (3i)4 (c) (4 + 3i) = (4)2 + 2(4)(3i) + (3i)2
2
= 81i 4
= 16 24i + 9i2
= 81(i )(i )2 2
= 16 24i + 9(1)
= 81(1)(1) = 7 24i
= 81
= 36i2
=
= 36(1)
= 36 (b) =
(c) =
=
=
=5 =
= 4 3i
(b) (2 7i) + (5 + 8i) = [2 + (5)] + (7 + 8)i =
= 3 + i
(c) (4 + 2i) (9 3i) = (4 9) + [2 (3)]i =
= 5 + 5i
∴
(c) =
= integer.
= 16. (a) =
∴
= 1 8i
irrational.
13. x + 2yi = (3 3xi) + (2y + i) (b) = =
∴
x + 2yi = (3 + 2y) + (3x + 1)i
∴
(c) + = 3.495 093…
Substitute (2) into (1).
The result of + is a non-terminating
x = 3 3x + 1
4x = 4 and non-recurring decimal.
∴
x=1
Substitute x = 1 into (1).
irrational.
1 = 3 + 2y
2 = 2y
17. (a) Let x = .
y = 1
x = 0.535 353… ........... (1)
100x = 53.535 3… ............. (2)
(c) Let x = .
(b) = =
x = 3.063 063 063… ..... (1)
1 000x = 3 063.063 063… ..... (2)
∴
(2) (1): 999x = 3 060
(c) = = 3 x=
x=
y=
20. (a) Consider p = 3 and q = 2.
∴ = xy = =
3 and 2 are real numbers while is not a
=
real number.
∴ The statement is false.
=
(b) Consider a = 1.
(c) Let x = . x2 a = 0
x2 (1) = 0
(b) =
x2 + 1 = 0
x2 = 1
=
x=
1 is a rational number while is not a
=
real number.
∴ The statement is false.
=
=1
21. (a) Since z is a real number, the imaginary part of
(c) =
z = 0.
=
∴ 8 2x) = 0
=
8 2x = 0 =
x=4 =
(b) Since z is a purely imaginary number, the real (d)
part of z = 0 and the imaginary part of z 0. =
∴ x+5 =0 and 8 2x) 0 =
x = 5 and x4 =0
∴ x = 5
=5
=
(b) (10 + 2i) (21 8i) (1 + 15i)
= (10 21 1) + [2 (8) 15]i = 5k (4i k)
= 12 5i = (5k k) + 4i
= 4k + 4i
(c) (2 + 14i)(3 6i)
= (2 + 14i)(3) (2 + 14i)(6i) (b)
= 6 + 42i 12i 84i 2
= [8 16i + 6(1)](8 i)
= (2 16i)(8 i) = + (k 6i)
28. (a) =
=
= =
= =
= 4 + 9i =
=3+i
26. (a) =
∴ = (3 + i) (4 7i)
= = (3 4) + [1 (7)]i
= 1 + 8i
=
(b) =
=
=
=
=
=
=
(b) Real part =
=
Imaginary part =
=
∴ =
= k + 12 = 4 3k
=3+i 4k = 8
k = 2
(c) =
=2
(d) =
30. (3 + 2i)(x + yi) = 3 11i
= 3x + 2xi + 3yi + 2yi2 = 3 11i
3x + (2x + 3y)i + 2y(1) = 3 11i
= (3x 2y) + (2x + 3y)i = 3 11i
∴
=
∴ = (4 + i)2 x = 1
Substitute x = 1 into (2).
= 42 + 2(4)(i) + i2 2(1) + 3y = 11
= 16 + 8i + (1) 3y = 9
= 15 + 8i y = 3
29. (a) = 31. (2a + 7i) (12 4i) = (2a 12) + [7 (4)]i
4x + i = (2 i)(3y + xi)
32. (a + bi)(10 + 25i)
4x + i = 6y 3yi + 2xi xi2
= 10a 10bi + 25ai + 25bi2
4x + i = 6y + (2x 3y)i x(1)
= 10a + (25a 10b)i + 25b(1)
4x + i = (x + 6y) + (2x 3y)i
= (10a + 25b) + (25a 10b)i
∴
Since the result of (a + bi)(10 + 25i) is a real
number,
From (1), 3x = 6y
the imaginary part = 0.
x = 2y ................... (3)
∴ 25a 10b = 0
Substitute (3) into (2).
25a = 10b
1 = 2(2y) 3y
= y=1
Substitute y = 1 into (3).
∴ a:b=2:5
x = 2(1)
=2
33. (a) 3m + n = 7
When m = 1, 3(1) + n = 7
n=4
When m = 2, 3(2) + n = 7
n=1
∴ m = 1, n = 4 or m = 2, n = 1.
(b) (3x + yi)(1 i)
= 3x + yi 3xi yi2
35. A
= 3x + (y 3x)i y(1)
I. I must be true.
= (3x + y) + (y 3x)i
II. Recurring decimals are real numbers and real
Real part of z = 7
numbers are complex numbers. Hence,
3x + y = 7
recurring decimals are complex numbers.
From (a), x = 1, y = 4 or x = 2, y = 1.
∴ II is not true
∵ x<y
III. Consider 0 and .
∴ x = 1 and y = 4.
0 = 0, which is a rational number.
∴ III may not be true.
34. (a) = ∴ Only I must be true.
= 36. D
41. D
I. =
A. (9 + 4i) (14 + 6i) = 5 2i
∴ The result of I is a rational number.
B. (3 10i) + (8 8i) = 5 18i
II. =1 C. (2 3i)(1 + i) = 2 3i + 2i 3i2
= 2 i 3(1)
∴ The result of II is a rational number.
=5i
III. + = + =
D. =
∴ The result of III is a rational number.
∴ I, II and III give the results in rational numbers. =
37. B =
4i 3 = 3 + 4i
=
∴ The real part is 3 and the imaginary part is 4.
= 5 2i
38. D ∴ The answer is D.
=
= 42. A
= 72(i2)(i) (2 i)(2m + i)
= 72(1)(i) = 4m 2mi + 2i i2
= 72i = 4m + (2 2m)i (1)
= (1 + 4m) + (2 2m)i
39. D ∴ The imaginary part is 2 2m.
The conjugate of 5 6i is 5 + 6i.
40. C
I. ai bi = (a b)i 43. C
∴ The result of I may not be a real number.
= 3x
II. ai bi =
= 3x
∴ The result of II must be a real number.
III. (a + bi)(a bi) = a2 (bi)2
= 3x
= a2 + b2
= 3x (xi 5)
∴ The result of III must be a real number.
= (3x + 5) + xi
∴ Only II and III must give the results in real
numbers.
44. C
i(a + bi) = 1 + 3i
ai + bi2 = 1 + 3i 2. (a) a = 2k
ai + b(1) = 1 + 3i a2 = 4k2
b + ai = 1 + 3i (b) Substitute a2 = 2b2 into a2 = 4k2.
∴ a=3 2b2 = 4k2
b = 1 b2 = 2k2
b = 1 (c) From (b), b2 is an even number and b is an even
number too.
45. A ∴ 2 is a factor of b.
=
3. From 1(b) and 2(c), 2 is a common factor of a and b.
=
4. Yes, the result in Question 3 contradicts the
= assumption that a and b do not have any common
∴ = (i)2 017
Conclusion
= (1) 2 017
(i 2 017
)
= (1)(i2)1 008(i)
= (1)(1)1 008(i) Extension
3=
a2 = 3b2
Hence, a2 is a multiple of 3 and a is a multiple of 3 too.
∴ 3 is a factor of a.
not have any common factor (except 1). ∴ Only I and III give the results in rational
∴ numbers.
= = + 3i
= = + 3i
= = (ki 2) + 3i
= 2 + (3 k)i
=2+i (1A)
3. C
I. =
III. = = =