Bk4a02 e

28
Chapter 2 Equations of Straight Lines

Q & A (P.2.2)  = 45
∴ The required inclination is 45.
1. Slope = = 1.8
(b) Let  be the inclination of AB.
tan  = 3
2. Slope =  = 71.6, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The required inclination is 71.6.
3. From Questions 12,

= 1.8 4. Slope = =2
y  98.6 = 1.8x  66.6 Let  be the required inclination.

y = 1.8x + 32 tan  = 2
 = 63.4, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
Review Exercise (P.2.5) ∴ The required inclination is 63.4.
1. (a) Distance =
= 5. (a) Slope of L1 = =
=5
(b) Distance = Slope of L2 = =3
=
Slope of L1  slope of L2
= 10
(c) Distance = =
= = 1
= 13 ∴
(d) Distance =
(b) Slope of L3 = =
=
= 10 ∵ Slope of L1  slope of L3
∴
2. (a) Slope = =2
6. (a) Coordinates of the mid-point
(b) Slope = = =
= (1 , 6)
(c) Slope = =
(b) Coordinates of the mid-point
(d) Slope = =0 =
= (5 , 3)
3. (a) Let  be the inclination of AB. (c) Coordinates of the mid-point

tan  = 1
© Oxford University Press 2014

29 Solutions
Instant Drill 2 (P.2.8)

=
(a) The equation of L is
= (2 , 3)
=
(d) Coordinates of the mid-point
= =
2y  14 = 3x + 9
= (1 , 2)
3x + 2y  23 = 0
(b) (i) Substitute (5 , 1) into 3x + 2y  23 = 0.
7. (a) Coordinates of P
L.H.S. = 3(5) + 2(1)  23
= = 10
= (4 , 5)  R.H.S.
The coordinates of R do not satisfy the equation
(b) Coordinates of P
of L.
= ∴ R does not lie on L.
= (0 , 7) (ii) Substitute (1 , 10) into 3x + 2y  23 = 0.
(c) Coordinates of P L.H.S. = 3(1) + 2(10)  23

=0
=
= R.H.S.
= (6 , 2) The coordinates of S satisfy the equation of L.

∴ S lies on L.
8. AB = 5QB
AQ + QB = 5QB Instant Drill 3 (P.2.10)
AQ = 4QB The equation of L is
=4 y0= (x  5)
∴ AQ : QB = 4 : 1 4y = x  5
Coordinates of Q x  4y  5 = 0
=
= (1 , 0) (a) Inclination of L = 180  135 = 45
Slope of L = tan 45 = 1
Instant Drill 1 (P.2.7) The equation of L is
The equation of L is y  0 = 1[x  (6)]
y=x+6
=
xy+6=0
=1 (b) Substitute (0 , c) into x  y + 6 = 0.
0c+6=0
y2=x1
c=6
xy+1=0

Chapter 2: Equations of Straight Lines 30

(a) The coordinates of B are (4 , 1). Instant Drill 8 (P.2.19)
(b) The equation of L is
(a) Slope of L = =
y  1 = 2(x  4)
y  1 = 2x  8 Slope of = =5
2x  y  7 = 0 Slope of L  slope of
=
=1
(a) Slope of L = =
 1
(b) ∵ L ∴
∴ Slope of  slope of L = 1 (b) (i) ∵ L1 // L
Slope of  = 1 ∴ Slope of L1 = slope of L =
Slope of = 2 The equation of L1 is
The equation of is y= x + (3)

y  5 = 2(x  5)
5y = x  15
y  5 = 2x + 10
x  5y  15 = 0
2x  y  15 = 0
(ii) ∵ L1  L
(c) ∵ // L
∴ Slope of L1  slope of L = 1
∴ Slope of = slope of L =
Slope of L1  = 1
The equation of is
Slope of L1 = 5
y0= (x  0)
The equation of L1 is
2y = x y = 5x + (3)
x  2y = 0 5x + y + 3 = 0
Instant Drill 7 (P.2.17) Instant Drill 9 (P.2.20)

From the figure, the y-intercept of is 2. (a) The equation of L is
The equation of is
=
y= x + (2)
=3
3y = x  6
x  3y  6 =0 y  2 = 3x  3
3x  y  1 = 0
(b) (i) Since and L intersect at (0 , k), the y-
intercepts of and L are both k.
y-intercept of L = = 1
∴ k = 1

31 Solutions
(ii) Slope of L = 3 Instant Drill 11 (P.2.22)

∵ L The equation of L is
∴ Slope of  slope of L = 1
=1
Slope of  3 = 1
=4
Slope of =
x  2y = 4
The equation of is
x  2y  4 = 0
y= x + (1)
3y = x  3 Instant Drill 12 (P.2.24)

x + 3y + 3 = 0 (a) (i) x-intercept of L1 = = 6
Instant Drill 10 (P.2.21) y-intercept of L1 = = 10
(a) Slope of L = = 2 ∴ The coordinates of P are (6 , 0).

The coordinates of Q are (0 , 10).
∵ L
(ii) The equation of L2 is
Slope of  (2) = 1 =1
Slope of =
= 10
The equation of is
5x + y = 10
y0= (x  4) 5x + y  10 = 0
(b) (i) Coordinates of M
2y = x  4
x  2y  4 = 0 =
(b) Let (h , k) be the coordinates of P.
= (3 , 5)
∵ P lies on .
(ii) Let H be a point on the x-axis such that MH 
∴ h  2k  4 = 0
PR.
h = 2k + 4
The coordinates of P are (2k + 4 , k).
∵ QP = RP
∴
=
(2k + 2)2 + (k  2)2 = (2k)2 + k2
4k2 + 8k + 4 + k2  4k + 4 = 4k2 + k2
4k = 8
MH = 5  0 = 5
k = 2
PR = 2  (6) = 8
When k = 2, h = 2(2) + 4 = 0.
Area of △PRM
∴ The coordinates of P are (0 , 2).
=  PR  MH
= 85

= 20
(b) =
m=2
and =
(a) Slope of = n=
Slope of = = 2
Slope of  slope of
∴ (a)
From (1), y = 2x .............. (3)
(b) Slope of = = Substitute (3) into (2).

x  3(2x) = 15
Slope of = = x  6x = 15
Slope of = slope of 5x = 15
x = 3
y-intercept of = =
Substitute x = 3 into (3).
y-intercept of = = y = 2(3)
= 6
y-intercept of = y-intercept of
∴ ∴ The coordinates of P are (3 , 6).
(b) Slope of L4 =
intersection.
∵ L3  L4
(c) Slope of = = 2
∴ Slope of L3  slope of L4 = 1
Slope of = = 2
Slope of = slope of
Slope of L3 =
y-intercept of = =
y-intercept of =
y  (6) = [x  (3)]
y-intercept of  y-intercept of
∴ y+6= (x + 3)
5y + 30 = 6x + 18
6x  5y  12 = 0
(a) = Instant Drill 16 (P.2.38)
b= (a) Slope of L1 = =
and = ∵ L2  L1
=
a = 12

33 Solutions
Slope of L2 = Area of △OPQ

Area of △PQR =
y  29 = (x  2)
=
5y  145 = 12x + 24
12x + 5y  169 = 0 =1
∴ Area of △PQR = area of △OPQ
(b) = 169
(1)  5: 25x  60y = 0 ..................... (3) Instant Drill Corner 2.1 (P.2.6)
(2)  12: 144x + 60y  2 028 = 0 ..... (4) 1. y = 2x  1
(3) + (4): 169x  2 028 = 0 2x + y + 1 = 0
x = 12
Substitute x = 12 into (1). 2. y=x+6
5(12)  12y = 0 xy+6=0
y=5
∴ The coordinates of Q are (12 , 5). 3. y + 5 = 3(x  1)
(c) OQ = y + 5 = 3x  3
= 13 3x  y  8 = 0
PQ =
= 26
4. =4
Area of △OPQ
y  2 = 4x + 4
=  OQ  PQ
4x  y + 6 = 0
=  13  26
Instant Drill Corner 2.2 (P.2.9)
= 169
1. (a) The equation of L is
(d) Let T be a point on OR such that QT  OR.
=
= 8
y = 8x + 16
8x + y  16 = 0
10y  10 = x + 4
x  10y + 14 = 0
(c) The equation of L is

y  4 = 2x + 4
=
2x  y + 8 = 0
= 1 (b) The equation of L is

y  2 = 1(x  3)
y + 5 = x + 1 y  2 = x + 3
x+y+4=0
x+y5=0
2. (a) The equation of the straight line is

(c) Slope of L = tan 30 =
=
∵ L passes through (7 , 0).
=2 ∴ The equation of L is
y + 3 = 2x y0= (x  7)
2x  y  3 = 0 =x7
(b) The equation of the straight line is
=
y  1 = 4(x  6)
=
y  1 = 4x  24
2y  2 = 3x  3 4x  y  23 = 0
3x + 2y + 1 = 0 (b) The equation of the straight line is
y  4 = 2[x  (1)]
y  4 = 2x  2
= 2x + y  2 = 0
=
3. (a) ∵ L2  L1
3y  6 = x  1 ∴ Slope of L2  slope of L1 = 1
x  3y + 5 = 0 Slope of L2  1 = 1
(b) Substitute (5 , 0) into x  3y + 5 = 0. Slope of L2 = 1
L.H.S. = 5  3(0) + 5 (b) The equation of L2 is
=0 y  3 = 1(x  1)
= R.H.S. y  3 = x + 1
The coordinates of C satisfy the equation of L. x+y4=0
∴ L passes through C(5 , 0). (c) Substitute (a , 0) into x + y  4 = 0.
a+04=0
Instant Drill Corner 2.3 (P.2.12) a=4
y  4 = 2[x  (2)] Instant Drill Corner 2.4 (P.2.18)

35 Solutions
1. Slope = Slope of L1 =
x-intercept = =8
y= x+5
y-intercept = =6
4y = x + 20
x  4y + 20 = 0
3. (a) = 3
2. Slope = =
k=6
x-intercept = (b) Slope of L =
x-intercept of L
y-intercept = =3
=
3. Slope = =
= 6
x-intercept =
y-intercept = = 5 Instant Drill Corner 2.6 (P.2.24)

=1
4. Slope = =
= 20
x-intercept = =0
4x + 5y = 20
y-intercept = =0
4x + 5y – 20 = 0
Instant Drill Corner 2.5 (P.2.21)
=1
y = 3x + 2 = 63
3x  y + 2 = 0
9x + 7y = 63
9x  7y + 63 = 0
y = 7x + (4)
7x + y + 4 = 0
2. (a) x-intercept of L1 = = 3
∴ The coordinates of Q are (3 , 0).

2. (a) Slope of L = = 4
(b) (i) The equation of L2 is
(b) ∵ L1  L
=1
∴ Slope of L1  slope of L = 1
Slope of L1  (4) = 1

(d) The equation of the straight line is

=6
y = 1
2x + 3y = 6
y+1=0
2x  3y + 6 = 0 (e) The equation of the straight line is
(ii) Substitute (k , 4) into 2x  3y + 6 = 0. y=
2k  3(4) + 6 = 0
y = 3x
2k = 6
3x  y = 0
k=3
Instant Drill Corner 2.7 (P.2.26) (f) The equation of the straight line is
1. (a) The equation of is y=
x = 1
x+1=0 y=
The equation of is 4y = x
x=4 x + 4y = 0
x4=0
(b) The equation of is Instant Drill Corner 2.8 (P.2.39)
y=3 1. (a) Slope of L1 = = 2
y3=0
The equation of is Slope of L2 = =2
y = 2 Slope of L1  slope of L2
y+2=0 ∴
(c) The equation of is
y= (b) Slope of L1 = =
3y = x Slope of L2 = =
x  3y = 0
Slope of L1 = slope of L2
The equation of is
y-intercept of L1 =
y=
5y = 4x y-intercept of L2 = = 2
4x + 5y = 0
y-intercept of L1  y-intercept of L2
∴
2. (a) The equation of the straight line is y = 0.
(b) The equation of the straight line is (c) The equation of L1 is
x = 5 15x + 3y = 60
x+5=0 15x + 3y  60 = 0
(c) The equation of the straight line is The equation of L2 is
x=3
x=
x3=0

37 Solutions
= x + 4 h=
y = 5x + 20
(b) =
Slope of L1 = = 5
b=4
Slope of L2 = 5
and =
=
y-intercept of L1 = = 20
y-intercept of L2 = 20 a=
y-intercept of L1 = y-intercept of L2
∴
intersection.
(d) The equation of L1 is
=1
3. (a)
x y1 =0
(2)  (1): 5y = 10
y=2
8y = 3x  24
Substitute y = 2 into (2).
y= 3 x+2=3
x=1
∴ The required coordinates are (1 , 2).
Slope of L1 = =
(b)
Slope of L2 = (1)  2: 14x + 4y + 12 = 0 ......... (3)

(2) + (3): 17x + 34 = 0
x = 2
y-intercept of L1 = = 3 Substitute x = 2 into (1).
7(2) + 2y + 6 = 0
y-intercept of L2 = 3 2y = 8
y-intercept of L1 = y-intercept of L2 y=4
∴
∴ The required coordinates are (2 , 4).
intersection.
Exercise 2A (P.2.13)
1. (a) The equation of is
2. (a) =
=
k = 21
=3
and =
y  4 = 3x  9

3x  y  5 = 0
=
(b) The equation of is
=2
=
y = 2x  6
=
2x  y  6 = 0
9y  27 = 4x  16 (b) The equation of the straight line is
4x + 9y  11 = 0 =
(c) passes through (0 , 0) and (9 , 4).
The equation of is = 1
=
y  6 = x  4
x+y2=0
=
9y = 4x
4x + 9y = 0
2. (a) passes through (4 , 1) and (3 , 0).

The equation of is
=
=
=1
=
y=x3
7y  28 = 2x  4
xy3=0
2x + 7y  24 = 0
(b) passes through (0 , 2) and (5 , 0).
The equation of is
= =
=
=
5y = 2x + 10
2x  5y + 10 = 0 3y + 1 = 4x
(c) passes through (0 ,7) and (3 , 0). 4x + 3y + 1 = 0
The equation of is
= 5. (a) The equation of is

y  5 = 2(x  3)
= y  5 = 2x  6
3y = 7x  21 2x  y  1 = 0
7x + 3y + 21 = 0 (b) The equation of is
y  (4) = (x  2)
3y + 12 = x + 2

39 Solutions
x + 3y + 10 = 0 x + 4y + 2 = 0
(c) passes through (0 , 0).
The equation of is 9. (a) Slope of = tan 45 = 1
passes through (2 , 0).
y0= (x  0)
The equation of is
2y = x
y  0 = 1[x  (2)]
x  2y = 0
y=x+2
xy+2=0
6. (a) passes through (0 , 0). (b) Slope of = tan 60 =
The equation of is passes through (0 , 4).
y  0 = 4(x  0) The equation of is
y = 4x y  (4) = (x  0)
4x + y = 0 y+4=
(b) passes through (5 , 0).
The equation of is
y  0 = 1(x  5)
y = x + 5
x+y5=0
(c) passes through (0 , 6). (c) Inclination of = 180  150 = 30
The equation of is Slope of = tan 30 =

y  (6) = 3(x  0)
passes through (0 , 1).
y + 6 = 3x
The equation of is
3x  y  6 = 0
y1= (x  0)
7. (a) The equation of the straight line is =x
y  5 = 3(x  2)
y  5 = 3x  6
3x  y  1 = 0 10. (a) ∵ L1 // L2
(b) The equation of the straight line is ∴ Slope of L1 = slope of L2 = 2
y  7 = 6[x  (1)] The equation of L1 is
y  7 = 6x  6 y  1 = 2(x  1)
6x + y  1 = 0 y  1 = 2x  2
2x  y  1 = 0
8. (a) The equation of the straight line is (b) ∵ L1 // L2
y  (3) = (x  4) ∴ Slope of L1 = slope of L2 =
2y + 6 = x  4 The equation of L1 is
x  2y  10 = 0 y4= [x  (5)]
2y  8 = x  5
y0= [x  (2)] x + 2y  3 = 0
4y = x  2 (c) ∵ L1 // L2

∴ Slope of L1 = slope of L2 = 1 The equation of L1 is

y  0 = 2(x  0)
L1 passes through .
y = 2x
The equation of L1 is 2x  y = 0
y0=
12. (a) The coordinates of A are (6 , 2).
y= The coordinates of B are (2 , 4).
3y = 3x + 2
3x  3y + 2 = 0 =
2y  4 = 3x  18
3x + 2y + 14 = 0
11. (a) ∵ L1  L2 (c) (i) Substitute (4 , 13) into 3x + 2y + 14 = 0.

∴ Slope of L1  slope of L2 = 1 L.H.S. = 3(4) + 2(13) + 14
Slope of L1  1 = 1 =0
Slope of L1 = 1 = R.H.S.
The equation of L1 is The coordinates of R satisfy the equation of
y  1 = 1(x  4) AB.
y  1 = x + 4 ∴ R lies on AB.
x+y5=0 (ii) Substitute (10 , 12) into 3x + 2y + 14 = 0.
(b) ∵ L1  L2 L.H.S. = 3(10) + 2(12) + 14
∴ Slope of L1  slope of L2= 1 =8
Slope of L1  (3) = 1  R.H.S.
The coordinates of S do not satisfy the
Slope of L1 =
equation of AB.
L1 passes through (0 , 2). ∴ S does not lie on AB.
y  (2) = (x  0) 13. (a) The equation of L is
3y + 6 = x =
x  3y  6 = 0
=
(c) ∵ L1  L2
∴ Slope of L1  slope of L2= 1 3y  6 = x + 3
x  3y + 9 = 0
(b) Substitute (1 , 3) into x  3y + 9 = 0.
Slope of L1 = 2 L.H.S. = 1  3(3) + 9
L1 passes through (0 , 0). =1

41 Solutions
 R.H.S.
y5= (x  3)
The coordinates of Q do not satisfy the equation
2y  10 = x + 3
of L.
x + 2y  13 = 0
∴ L does not pass through Q(1 , 3).
18. (a) The coordinates of B are (1 , 5).

=
y  5 = 3(x  1)
y  5 = 3x  3
= 2
3x  y + 2 = 0
y  4 = 2x
2x + y  4 = 0
(b) Substitute (p , 0) into 2x + y  4 = 0.
2p + 0  4 = 0
2p = 4
p=2
15. (a) Slope of L = tan 45 = 1

The equation of L is
19. (a) The coordinates of B are (3 , 2).
y  0 = 1(x  5)
y=x5
=
xy5=0
(b) Substitute (0 , q) into x  y  5 = 0.
=1
0q5=0
y=x1
q = 5
xy1=0
(b) Substitute (4 , 5) into x  y  1 = 0.
L.H.S. = 4  (5)  1
y0= [x  (2)]
=0
2y = x + 2 = R.H.S.
x  2y + 2 = 0 The coordinates of D satisfy the equation of L.
(b) Substitute (8 , a) into x  2y + 2 = 0. ∴ D lies on L.
8  2a + 2 = 0
6 = 2a
20. (a) Slope of L1 = =
a = 3
(b) The equation of L1 is
17. (a) Substitute (a , 5) into 4x  3y + 3 = 0. y0= (x  4)

4a  3(5) + 3 = 0
4y = 3x  12
4a = 12
3x  4y  12 = 0
a=3
(c) ∵ L2 // L1
(b) The equation of L2 is

= (1 , 3)
∴ Slope of L2 = slope of L1 =
(b) The equation of BM is
=
y0= [x  (2)]
4y = 3x + 6 =
3x  4y + 6 = 0 4y = 3x + 9
3x  4y + 9 = 0
21. (a) Slope of L1 = = (c) Substitute x = 0 into 3x  4y + 9 = 0.

3(0)  4y + 9 = 0
(b) ∵ L2  L1
9 = 4y
∴ Slope of L2  slope of L1= 1
y=
∴
Slope of L2 = 5
y  1 = 5[x  (1)]
24. (a) Slope of AB = =
y  1 = 5x + 5
5x  y + 6 = 0
22. (a) (i) Coordinates of M (b) The equation of L is
= y  (1) = (x  3)
4y + 4 = x + 3
= (5 , 4)
x + 4y + 1 = 0
(ii) Slope of AB = =
(c) (i) Slope of BC = =
(b) (i) ∵ L is the perpendicular bisector of AB.
∴ L  AB and L passes through M. ∵ Slope of BC = slope of AB
Slope of L  slope of AB = 1 ∴ A, B and C are collinear.
(ii) Substitute (7 , 2) into x + 4y + 1 = 0.
Slope of L  = 1
L.H.S. = 7 + 4(2) + 1
Slope of L = 2 =0
The equation of L is = R.H.S.
y  4 = 2(x  5) The coordinates of D satisfy the equation of
y  4 = 2x  10 L.
2x  y  6 = 0 ∴ D lies on L.
(ii) Substitute (c , c) into 2x  y  6 = 0. ∴ A, B and D are collinear.
2c  c  6 = 0
c=6 Exercise 2B (P.2.26)
23. (a) Coordinates of M y = 2x + (4)
y = 2x  4
=

43 Solutions
2x  3y  1 = 0
(b)

=1
y = 4x  5
4x  y  5 = 0
=6
x  3y = 6
y=
x  3y  6 = 0
2y = 3x + 1 (b) The equation of the straight line is
3x + 2y  1 = 0
=1

 4y = 1
y=
x  16y = 4
4y = x  28 x  16y  4 = 0
x + 4y + 28 = 0

7. (a) Slope = =
y=
x-intercept =
3y = 9x  2
9x  3y  2 = 0
y-intercept = =4
4. (a) (b) Slope = =
(b)
x-intercept = =
5. (a) The equation of the straight line is y-intercept =
=1
= 24 8. (a) Slope = =
8x + 3y = 24
x-intercept = = 14
8x  3y + 24 = 0
y-intercept = =2
=1
(b) Slope =
2x  3y = 1

x=a
x-intercept = =4
xa=0
y-intercept = =
13. (a) y-intercept of L = =2
(b) y-intercept of L1 = y-intercept of L = 2

9. (a) Slope of L1 = =2
∴ The equation of L1 is
y = 7x + 2
Slope of L2 = =2
7x  y  2 = 0
(b) ∵ Slope of L1 = slope of L2
∴
14. x-intercept of L = =2
x-intercept of L1 = x-intercept of L = 2
10. Slope of L1 = =4
∴ The equation of L1 is
Slope of L2 = = =1
Slope of L1  slope of L2
=6
=
3x  2y = 6
=1
3x  2y  6 = 0
 1
∴
11. (a) The equation of is 15. (a) Slope of L = =

y = 2
∵ The straight line is parallel to L.
y+2=0
∴ Slope of the straight line
(b) The equation of is
= slope of L
x=5
x5=0 =
(c) The equation of is The equation of the straight line is
y=
y  (2) = (x  4)
3y = 7x
3y + 6 = 2x  8
7x + 3y = 0
2x  3y  14 = 0
(b) ∵ The straight line is perpendicular to L.
12. The equation of L1 is
∴ Slope of the straight line  slope of L = 1
y = 3a
Slope of the straight line  = 1
y  3a = 0
The equation of L2 is Slope of the straight line =
y=
The equation of the straight line is
y = 3x
3x  y = 0 y1= (x  2)

45 Solutions
2y  2 = 3x + 6 (b) Substitute (5 , 3) into 3x  5y  30 = 0.

3x + 2y  8 = 0 L.H.S. = 3(5)  5(3)  30
= 30
16. (a) The equation of is  R.H.S.
The coordinates of A do not satisfy the equation
y=
of L.
5y = 3x  35
∴ A does not lie on L.
3x  5y  35 = 0
Substitute (15 , 15) into 3x  5y  30 = 0.
(b) Substitute (k , 1) into 3x  5y + 35 = 0.
L.H.S. = 3(15)  5(15)  30
3k  5(1)  35 = 0
=0
3k = 30
= R.H.S.
k = 10
The coordinates of B satisfy the equation of L.
∴ B lies on L.
Substitute into 3x  5y  30 = 0.
17. (a) Slope of L1 =
L.H.S. =   30
m=
=0
= R.H.S.
The coordinates of C satisfy the equation of L.
∴ C lies on L.
∴ B and C lie on L.
(b) ∵ L2  L1
19. (a)  =2
k=4
(b) x-intercept = =
Slope of L2 =
y-intercept = =
y= x
20. (a) =3
10y = 16x  1
a = 4
16x  10y  1 = 0
= 4
18. (a) The equation of L is b=3
=1 (b) Slope of L
=
= 30
=
3x  5y = 30
3x  5y  30 = 0

(b) y-intercept of L2
=
= y-intercept of L1
=
21. Slope of L1 = =
=
Slope of L2 =
∵ L2  L1
∵ L1  L2
= 1
Slope of L2 = 2
k =2
y = 2x +
22. (a) = 2
2y = 4x + 3
a=4
4x  2y + 3 = 0
(b) ∵ L2 // L1
∴ Slope of L2 = slope of L1 = 2
25. (a) Let be the straight line which passes through
(1 , 4) and (5 , 2).
y = 2x + (1)
Slope of = =1
2x + y + 1 = 0
∵ L
∴ Slope of L  slope of = 1
23. (a) Slope of L1 = =5
Slope of L  1 = 1
y-intercept of L1 = = 10 Slope of L = 1
(b) y-intercept of L2 = y-intercept of L1 = 10

∵ L1  L2
y = x + 1
x+y1=0
Slope of L2  5 = 1
(b) Substitute (1 , 0) into x + y  1 = 0.
Slope of L2 = L.H.S. = 1 + 0  1
The equation of L2 is =0
= R.H.S.
y=
(1 , 0) satisfies the equation of L.
5y = x + 50 ∴ (1 , 0) lies on L.
x + 5y  50 = 0
26. (a) The two possible coordinates of A are (0 , 2) and
24. (a) The equation of L1 is (0 , 2).
y0= (x  3) (b) When the coordinates of A are (0 , 2),

the equation of L is
2y = x + 3
y = 3x + 2
x + 2y  3 = 0

47 Solutions
3x + y  2 = 0 2x + 5y = 10
When the coordinates of A are (0 , 2), 2x  5y + 10 = 0
y-intercept of = =2
y = 3x + (2)
∴ The coordinates of P are (0 , 2).
3x + y + 2 = 0
x-intercept of = = 5
x = 8
(b) QR = 9 and OQ = 5.
x+8=0
OR = QR  OQ = 9  5 = 4
(b) Substitute (2a , 6) into x + 8 = 0.
∴ The coordinates of R are (4 , 0).
2a + 8 = 0
The equation of is
a = 4
=1
28. (a) The equation of L1 is

=4
=1
x + 2y = 4
x + 2y  4 = 0
= 24
2x  3y = 24
30. (a) x-intercept of L = = 12
2x  3y  24 = 0
∴ The coordinates of A are (12 , 0).

The coordinates of B are (0 , 5).
(b) Slope of L1 = = (b) OA = 12  0 = 12

OB = 0  (5) = 5
∵ L2  L1
AB =
∴ Slope of L2  slope of L1= 1
=
Slope of L2  = 1 = 13
Perimeter of △OAB
Slope of L2 =
= OA + OB + AB
= 12 + 5 + 13
y= x+ = 30
2y = 3x 7
3x + 2y  7 = 0
y = 2x + 0
2x  y = 0
(b) Let (a , 4) be the coordinates of Q.

Substitute (a , 4) into 2x  y = 0. ∴ The coordinates of P are (4 , 3).

2a  (4) = 0
2a = 4
33. (a) = 2
a = 2
k=1
∴ The coordinates of Q are (2 , 4).
(c) ∵ The straight line is perpendicular to L2. (b) Slope of L = =
∴ Slope of the straight line  slope of L2 = 1
(c) (i) ∵ // L
Slope of the straight line  2 = 1
∴ Slope of = slope of L =
Slope of the straight line =
The equation of is
y= x+2
5y = x + 10
y  (4) = [x  (2)]
x + 5y  10 = 0
2y + 8 = x  2 (ii) Let (h , k) be the coordinates of R.
x + 2y + 10 = 0 ∵ R lies on .
∴ h + 5k  10 = 0
h = 10  5k
32. (a) Slope of L =
The coordinates of R are (10  5k , k).
∵ L
∵ PR = QR
∴
Slope of  = 1 =
(8  5k)2 + (k  3)2 = (11  5k)2 + (k  4)2
Slope of =2
64  80k + 25k2 + k2  6k + 9
The equation of is
= 121  110k + 25k2 + k2  8k + 16
y  3 = 2[x  (1)] 32k = 64
y  3 = 2x + 2 k=2
2x  y + 5 = 0 When k = 2, h = 10  5(2) = 0.
(b) Let (h , k) be the coordinates of P. ∴ The coordinates of R are (0 , 2).
∵ P lies on .
∴ 2h  k + 5 = 0 34. (a) The equation of L1 is
k = 2h + 5
y= x+0
The coordinates of P are (h , 2h + 5).
∵ MP = NP 3y = 2x
∴ 2x  3y = 0
= (b) Substitute (6 , k) into 2x  3y = 0.
(h + 1) + (2h + 2) = (h  2) + (2h + 5)
2 2 2 2 2(6)  3k = 0
h + 2h + 1 + 4h + 8h + 4
2 2 12 = 3k
= h  4h + 4 + 4h + 20h + 25
2 2
k=4
6h = 24 (c) (i) The equation of L2 is
h = 4
=
When h = 4, k = 2(4) + 5 = 3.

49 Solutions
= 2
y = 2x + 16
2x + y  16 = 0
(ii) y-intercept of L2 = = 16
OR = 16  0 = 16
OQ = 8  0 = 8
Area of △OQR
=  OQ  OR
PH = 6 – 0 = 6
Area of △DPG
=  8  16
=  DG  PH
= 64
= 76
35. (a) (i) x-intercept of L1 = = 3
= 21
∴ The area of △DPG is equal to the area
y-intercept of L1 = = 6
of △DEG.
∴ The coordinates of D are (3 , 0).
The coordinates of E are (0 , 6).
Exercise 2C (P.2.39)
1. Slope of L1 = 2
= Slope of L2 = 2
Slope of L1  slope of L2
= ∴
2y + 12 = 3x
3x  2y  12 = 0
(b) (i) x-intercept of L2 = =4 2. Slope of L1 =
DG = 4  (3) = 7 Slope of L2 =
OE = 0  (6) = 6
Area of △DEG
y-intercept of L1 = 0
=  DG  OE y-intercept of L2 = 1
= 76 ∴
= 21
(ii) ∵ R is translated horizontally to P.
∴ y-coordinate of P 3. Slope of L1 = 0
= y-coordinate of R Slope of L2 = 1
=6 Slope of L1  slope of L2
Let H be a point on the x-axis such that ∴
PH  DG.

y-intercept of L1 = =2
4. Slope of L1 = 0
y-intercept of L2 = =
Slope of L2 = =
∴
∴
9.
5. Slope of L1 = 3
Slope of L2 = =3
Substitute (2) into (1).
Slope of L1 = slope of L2 x + 4(2x + 5) = 11
y-intercept of L1 = 0 x + 8x + 20 = 11
9x = 9
x = 1
∴
y = 2(1) + 5
=3
6. Slope of L1 =
Slope of L2 = = 10.
(1)  2: 2x + 2y + 10 = ................. (3)
(2) + (3): 5x + 10 = 5
y-intercept of L2 = =2 5x = 15
y-intercept of L1 = y-intercept of L2 x = 3
∴ Substitute x = 3 into (1).
(3) + y + 5 = 0
intersection.
y = 2
∴ The required coordinates are (3 , 2).
7. Slope of L1 = =
11.
Slope of L2 = =
(1) (2): 2x = 8
Slope of L1  slope of L2 x=4
∴
Substitute x = 4 into (2).
4y=5
y = 1
8. Slope of L1 = =3
∴ The required coordinates are (4 , 1).
Slope of L2 = =3
12.

51 Solutions
(1)  2: 4x  6y  14 = ................. (3) intersection. The two straight lines coincide with
(2) (3): 15y  15 = 0 each other and intersect at infinitely many
y=1 points.
2x  3(1)  7 = 0 15. (a)
2x = 10
(2)  (1): 2x  8 = 0
x=5
x=4
∴ The required coordinates are (5 , 1).
4  4y = 0
13. The equation of is
y=1
2y = 2k  x
x + 2y + 2k = 0
Slope of = =
=
Slope of =
=1
Slope of = slope of
y=x3
y-intercept of = =
xy3=0
y-intercept of = = k
16. (a)
y-intercept of  y-intercept of
∴ (1)  3: 6x + 3y = 0 ................. (3)
(2) + (3): 7x + 7 = 0
two straight lines are parallel to each other and x = 1
have no points of intersection. Substitute x = 1 into (1).
2(1) + y = 0
y=2
∴ The coordinates of P are (1 , 2).
14. Slope of L1 = =
(b) Slope of the required straight line
Slope of L2 = = slope of the straight line x + y = 0
Slope of L1 = slope of L2 =
y-intercept of L1 = = 1
y-intercept of L2 = y  2 = 1[x  (1)]
y-intercept of L1 = y-intercept of L2 y  2 = x  1
∴ x+y1=0

19. 7x = 2y
y=
y  4 = 2[x  (3)]
∵ The two straight lines have no points of
y  4 = 2x + 6
intersection.
2x  y + 10 = 0
(b) ∴ The slopes of the two lines are the same.
=
(1)  2: 2x + 6y  4 = 0 ............ (3)
(3)  (2): 7y  14 = 0
=
y=2
x + 3(2)  2 = 0
20. (a) y-intercept of L1 = =
x = 4
∴ The required coordinates are (4 , 2). y-intercept of L2 = =
18. (a) Slope of L1 = =5 ∴
∵ L2  L1 infinitely many points of intersection.

∴ Slope of L2  slope of L1= 1 (b) If L1 and L2 have no points of intersection,
Slope of L2  5 = 1 the slope of L1 = the slope of L2 and the y-
Slope of L2 = intercept of L1  the y-intercept of L2.
The equation of L2 is =
y= =
5y = x  30 2k  2 = 3k
x + 5y + 30 = 0 5k = 2
k=
(b) 21. =
(1)  5: 25x  5y + 100 = 0 ....... (3) b = 6
(2) + (3): 26x + 130 = 0 and =

x = 5
Substitute x = 5 into (1). =
5(5)  y + 20 = 0
a=
y = 5
∴ The required coordinates are (5 , 5).
22. =

53 Solutions
n=3 The equation of is
and = y=
3y = 5x + 3q
=
5x  3y + 3q = 0
m = 12
x-intercept of = x-intercept of 2
=
q = 10
=1
= 15 24. (a)
5x  3y = 15 (2)  (1): x  1 = 0
5x  3y  15 = 0 x= 1
Slope of Substitute x = 1 into (1).
= slope of
2(1)  y  3 = 0
= y = 1
∴ The coordinates of A are (1 , 1).
=
(b) The coordinates of C are (1 , 1).
Slope of AC
=
=
B=
= 1
y-intercept of = y-intercept of
= slope of AB
= ∴ A, B and C are collinear.
5= 25. (a) Slope of L2 = slope of the straight line x  y = 0
=
C = 3
k = 1
(b) From (a), the equation of L2 is x  y + 5 = 0.
(b) ∵  (2)  (1): y  3 = 0

∴ Slope of  slope of = 1 y=3
= 1
x3+5 =0
m= x = 2
∴ The coordinates of A are (2 , 3).
(c) ∵ //
(c) Let (m , n) be the coordinates of B.
∴ Slope of = slope of
∵ A is translated vertically to B.
p= ∴ m = 2

Slope of OB = 2
= 1
=2
k = 32
n = 4
(b) (i) ∵ AD // BC
∴ The coordinates of B are (2 , 4).
∴ Slope of AD
= slope of BC
26. (a) Substitute (7 , 2) into x + ky  3 = 0.
=
7 + k(2)  3 = 0
2k = 4
=
k = 2
(b) The equation of L2 is =
y = kx  4 The equation of AD is
y = 2x  4
y0= [x  (18)]
2x + y + 4 = 0
4y = 3x  54
(c) x-intercept of L1 = =3
3x + 4y + 54 = 0
x-intercept of L2 = = 2 (ii) AC = k  (18)
= (32) + 18
BD = 3  (2) = 5
= 50
From (a), the equation of L1 is x  2y  3 = 0.
OB = 24  0 = 24
From (a)(ii), the equation of CD is
x  7y  32 = 0.
(1) 2: 2x  4y  6 = 0 ............ (3)
(2)  (3): 5y + 10 = 0
y = 2 (1)  3: 3x  21y  96 = 0 ....... (3)
∴ The y-coordinate of C is 2. (2)  (3): 25y + 150 = 0
Distance between C and the x-axis y = 6
= 0  (2) ∴ The y-coordinate of D is 6.
=2 Distance between D and the x-axis
Area of △BCD = 0  (6)
= 52 =6
=5
27. (a) (i) x-intercept of CD = = k Area of the trapezium ABCD

∴ The coordinates of C are (k , 0). = area of △ABC + area of △ADC
(ii) Slope of AB = = =  50  24 +  50  6
Slope of BC = = = 750
Alternative Method
∵ AB  BC
From (a)(ii), the equation of CD is
∴ Slope of AB  slope of BC = 1
x  7y  32 = 0.

55 Solutions
15y  90 = 8x + 160
(1)  3: 3x  21y  96 = 0 ....... (3) 8x  15y + 250 = 0
(2)  (3): 25y + 150 = 0 (b)
y = 6
Substitute y = 6 into (1). (1)  15: 225x + 120y  555 = 0 ...... (3)
x  7(6)  32 = 0 (2)  8: 64x  120y + 2 000 = 0 …… (4)
x = 10 (3) + (4): 289x + 1 445 = 0
∴ The coordinates of D are (10 , 6). x = 5
AD = Substitute x = 5 into (1).
= 15(5) + 8y  37 = 0
= 10 8y = 112
AB =
y = 14
=
∴ The coordinates of C are (5 , 14).
= 30
BC = (c) AC =
=
=
= 34
= 40
Area of the trapezium ABCD BC =
=
=  (AD + BC)  AB
= 17
=  (10 + 40)  30 Area of △ABC
= 750 =  AC  BC
=  34  17
= 289

28. (a) Slope of AC =
=1
∵ BC  AC
∴ Slope of BC  slope of AC = 1 = 12
Slope of BC  = 1 4x  3y = 12
4x + 3y + 12 = 0
Slope of BC =
Slope of L1 =
The equation of BC is
∵ L2  L1
y6= [x  (20)] ∴ Slope of L2  slope of L1= 1

Slope of L2  = 1 Area of △BDE

Area of △BCD
=
Slope of L2 =
=
y  16 = (x  10)
4y  64 = 3x  30 =
3x  4y + 34 = 0 BE + EC = 5BE
(b) EC = 4BE
=
(1)  4: 16x + 12y + 48 = 0 ...... (3)
(2)  3: 9x  12y + 102 = 0 ...... (4) ∴ BE : EC = 1 : 4
(3) + (4): 25x + 150 = 0 ∴ k=4
x = 6
Substitute x = 6 into (1). Supplementary Exercise 2 (P.2.45)
4(6) + 3y + 12 = 0 1. (a) Slope of OP = =

3y = 12
y=4 Slope of OQ = =
∴ The coordinates of D are (6 , 4). (b) Slope of OP  slope of OQ

BD = ∴ O, P and Q do not lie on the same straight
= line.
= 10
CD = 2. (a) AB =
= =
= 20 = 10
Area of △BCD CD =
=  BD  CD =
= 10
=  10  20
= 100
(c) Let F be a point on BC such that DF  BC.
(b) Slope of AB = =
Slope of CD = =
Slope of AB = slope of CD
∴ AB is parallel to CD.
3. (a) Coordinates of M
= (1 , 6)

57 Solutions

(b) Slope of AB = =1
y  0 = 1(x  8)
y = x + 8
Slope of PM = =
x+y8=0
Slope of PM  slope of AB
= 6. (a) The equation of L is

y = 3x + (4)
= 3x  y  4 = 0
 1 (b) The equation of L is
∴ PM is not perpendicular to AB. y=
2y = 5x + 6
5x + 2y  6 = 0
= (c) The equation of L is
= y=
6y  24 = 7x  35 4y = x + 24
7x  6y  11 = 0 x  4y + 24 = 0

=
=1
=
=4
7y = 4x + 36
x + 2y = 4
4x  7y + 36 = 0
(c) The equation of L is x  2y + 4 = 0
=
=1
=
= 24
7y + 42 = 9x
x  3y = 24
9x + 7y + 42 = 0
4x + 3y + 24 = 0

y  (4) = 2(x  1)
y + 4 = 2x + 2
2x + y + 2 = 0 =1
= 35
y2= [x  (5)]
7x  5y = 35
3y  6 = x + 5
7x  5y  35 = 0
x  3y + 11 = 0


x = 3 12. The equation of the straight line is
x+3=0 y  0 = 5[x  (6)]
(b) The equation of L is y = 5x + 30
y=4 5x  y + 30 = 0
y4=0
(c) The equation of L is 13. Slope of the straight line = tan 45 = 1
x=9 The equation of the straight line is
x9=0 y  (8) = 1(x  2)
y+8 =x2
9. (a) The equation of L is x  y  10 = 0
y=
3y = 4x 14. The equation of the straight line is
4x  3y = 0 y = 4x + (7)
(b) The equation of L is 4x + y + 7 = 0
y=
15. The equation of the straight line is
y = 3x
3x + y = 0 =1
= 14
y=
2y = 3x 2x  y = 14
3x  2y = 0 2x  y  14 = 0
10. The equation of the straight line is 16. (a) The equation of the straight line is y = 0.
=
x=9
= x9=0
(c) The equation of the straight line is
4y  20 = x  1
y = 5
x + 4y  19 = 0
y+5=0
(d) The equation of the straight line is
y=
y = 2x
2x  y = 0
11. The equation of the straight line is
17. Slope of L  (3) = 1
=
Slope of L =
= 7 The equation of L is
y = 7x + 28 y1= [x  (2)]
7x + y  28 = 0
3y  3 = x + 2

59 Solutions
x  3y + 5 = 0 The equation of the straight line is
y  (4) = (x  5)
18. (a) Slope of L1 =
5y + 20 = x  5
x  5y  25 = 0
x-intercept of L1 = =8
(b) Slope of L2 = = (b) x-intercept of L1

= x-intercept of L  2
x-intercept of L2 = = 8 = 10  2
= 20
y-intercept of L2 = = 10
y  0 = 1(x  20)
y = x  20
19. Slope of L1 =
x  y  20 = 0
Slope of L2 = =3
Slope of L1  slope of L2 22. (a) Slope of L1 = =
= Slope of L2 = =
= 1 Slope of L1  slope of L2
∴ ∴
(b) Slope of L1 = =
20. (a) Slope of L1 = =
Slope of L2 = =
Slope of the required straight line
= slope of L1 Slope of L1  slope of L2
∴
=
y  (4) = (x  5)
3y + 12 = x  5
x  3y  17 = 0
(b) Slope of L2 = = 5
Slope of the required straight line  slope of L2 (c) The equation of L1 is

= 1 6x + 8y = 
Slope of the required straight line  (5) = 1 6x + 8y  13 = 0
Slope of the required straight line =

x = 2
x=
3x = 4y + 27
2  y + 7 = 0
3x + 4y  27 = 0
y=5
Slope of L1 = = ∴ The required coordinates are (2 , 5).
(b)
Slope of L2 =
(1)  (2): 2x = 8
x=4
y-intercept of L1 = = Substitute x = 4 into (2).
4y=5
y = 1
y-intercept of L1  y-intercept of L2 ∴ The required coordinates are (4 , 1).
∴
24. (a)
(d) The equation of L1 is
=1 (2)  2: 2y + 6y = 0 ................. (3)

(3)  (1): 7y + 7 = 0
= 20 y = 1
Substitute y = 1 into (2).
5x + 4y = 20
x + 3(1) = 0
5x + 4y  20 = 0
x=3
∴ The coordinates of P are (3 , 1).
4y = 5x + 20
y=
=
Slope of L1 =
=
Slope of L2 =
3y + 6 = x
Slope of L1 = slope of L2 x  3y  6 = 0
25. (a) The equation of AB is
y-intercept of L1 = y-intercept of L2 =
∴
=5
intersection. y  12 = 5x  10
5x  y + 2 = 0
23. (a)
(b) Substitute (5 , 27) into 5x  y + 2 = 0.
L.H.S. = 5(5)  27 + 2
(1) + (2): 3x + 6 = 0
=0

61 Solutions
= R.H.S.
Slope of the required straight line  = 1
The coordinates of C satisfy the equation of AB.
∴ A, B and C are collinear. Slope of the required straight line = 2
26. (a) The equation of L is y = 2x  4
2x  y + 4 = 0
y=
8y = x 29. (a) x-intercept of L = 9

x + 8y = 0 = 9
(b) Substitute (k , 2) into x + 8y = 0.
1  4k = 9
k + 8(2) = 0
4k = 8
k = 16
k = 2
(b) Slope of L
27. (a) Substitute (4 , 6) into 3x + ky + 12 = 0.
3(4) + k(6) + 12 = 0 =
6k = 24
=
k = 4
(b) x-intercept of L = = 4 =
Slope of the required straight line

y-intercept of L = = =3
= slope of L
∴ The coordinates of P are (4 , 0).
=
The coordinates of Q are (0 , 3).
PQ = The equation of the straight line is
= y= +0
=5
3y = x
x + 3y = 0
28. (a) Substitute (0 , 4) into ax + y  8a = 0.
a(0) + 4  8a = 0
30. =
a=
m = 4
and =
n=6
(b) Slope of L = =
31. (a) Slope of L1 = slope of L2
Slope of the required straight line  slope of L
=
= 1
mn = 20

(b) (i) x-intercept of L1 = (b) x-intercept of L =
=
y-intercept of L = =
m = 15
Substitute m = 15 into mn = 20.
15n = 20
n= =1

5x + ny = 6 =1
5x + 6=0
= 28
y-intercept of L1 = =3 4x + 49y = 28
4x + 49y  28 = 0
y-intercept of L2 = = (b) (i) Let L3 be the straight line 7x + 4y  8 = 0.
Slope of L3 =
∵ y-intercept of L1  y-intercept of L2
∴ ∵ L2 // L3
points of intersection. ∴ Slope of L2 = slope of L3 =
y  (5) = (x  3)
=
4y + 20 = 7x + 21
= 7x + 4y  1 = 0
5y  10 = 8x  40 (ii) Slope of L1 =
8x + 5y + 30 = 0 Slope of L1  slope of L2
(b) x-intercept of L = = =
y-intercept of L = = 6 =
∴
 1
∴
The coordinates of Q are (0 , 6).

35. (a) Slope of AB = =6
∵ L  AB
y5= [x  (1)] ∴ Slope of L  slope of AB = 1
3y  15 = 2x + 2 Slope of L  6 = 1
2x  3y + 17 = 0 Slope of L =

63 Solutions
= 56
(b) Area of △AOB
y  (3) = (x  6)
=  OA  OB
6y + 18 = x + 6
x + 6y + 12 = 0
=  24  7
(b) x-intercept of L = = 12
= 84
∴ OP = 0  (12) = 12
38. (a) Area of △AOB = 10
 OA  OB = 10
∴ OQ = 0  (2) = 2
Area of △OPQ =  OP  OQ  OA  4 = 10
OA = 5
=  12  2
= 12 (b) The equation of L is
=1
36. x-intercept of L1 = = 3
= 20
x-intercept of L2 = = 5 4x + 5y = 20
4x + 5y  20 = 0
∴ BC = 3  (5) = 2
(c) Substitute (k , 2k) into 4x + 5y  20 = 0.
y-intercept of L1 = = 4 4k + 5(2k)  20 = 0
14k = 20
∴ AO = 0  (4) = 4
Area of △ABC =  BC  AO k=
= 24
=4
y=
3y = 2x  18
2x  3y  18 = 0
∴ OA = 24  0 = 24
∵ L2 // L1
∴ Slope of L2 = slope of L1 =
∴ OB = 0  (7) = 7
AB =
= y= +0
= 25 3y = 2x
Perimeter of △AOB 2x  3y = 0
= OA + OB + AB
= 24 + 7 + 25

41. (a) Substitute x = 4 into x + 2y  8 = 0.

(b) x-intercept of L1 = =9
4 + 2y  8 = 0
∴ The x-coordinate of B is 9. 2y = 4
Let a be the x-coordinate of A. y=2
∵ B is the mid-point of AC. ∴ The coordinates of P are (4 , 2).
∴ =9 y-intercept of L = =4
a = 18 ∴ The coordinates of Q are (0 , 4).

∴ The equation of L3 is (b) The equation of L1 is
x = 18
=1
x  18 = 0
= 12
40. (a) ∵ RQ is parallel to the x-axis and passes
4x + 3y = 12
through (5 , 4).
4x  3y + 12 = 0
∴ The equation of RQ is
Slope of L =
y = 4
y+4=0 ∵ L2  L
(b) The equation of OR is ∴ Slope of L2  slope of L = 1
y=
5y = 4x
4x  5y = 0 Slope of L2 = 2
(c) ∵ OPQR is a parallelogram. The equation of L2 is
∴ OP = RQ = 12 y  2 = 2(x  4)
∴ The coordinates of P are (12 , 0). y  2 = 2x  8
(d) Let h be the x-coordinate of Q. 2x  y  6 = 0
h  (5) = 12 (c) Slope of L1 = =
h=7
The y-coordinate of Q is 4. ∴
∴ The coordinates of Q are (7 , 4).
Slope of PQ = slope of OR
= 42. (a) x-intercept of L = = 6
The equation of PQ is
y-intercept of L = =3
y  (4) = (x  7)
(b) Slope of L = =
5y + 20 = 4x  28
4x  5y  48 = 0 ∵ PQ  L
∴ Slope of PQ  slope of L = 1
Slope of PQ  = 1
Slope of PQ = 2

65 Solutions
The equation of PQ is (d) Slope of BC = =

y  (3) = 2[x  (2)] Slope of the required altitude  slope of BC = 1
y + 3 = 2x  4
Slope of the required altitude  = 1
2x + y + 7 = 0
(c) Slope of the required altitude = 5
The equation of the required altitude is
(2)  2: 4x + 2y + 14 = 0 ….. (3) y  2 = 5(x  1)
(1) + (3): 5x + 20 = 0 y  2 = 5x + 5
x = 4 5x + y  7 = 0
2(4) + y + 7 = 0 44. (a) Slope of L = =4
y=1
∵ // L
∴ Slope of = slope of L = 4
(d) PQ =
The equation of is
=
y  6 = 4(x  2)
= (or )
y  6 = 4x  8
43. (a) 4x  y  2 = 0
(b) Let (h , k) be the coordinates of P.
∵ P lies on .
(1)  2: 6x  2y  2 = 0 ............ (3)
(2) + (3): 7x  7 = 0 ∴ 4h  k  2 = 0
x=1 k = 4h  2
Substitute x = 1 into (1). The coordinates of P are (h , 4h  2).

∵ MP = NP
3(1)  y  1 = 0
y=2 ∴
∴ The coordinates of A are (1 , 2). =

(h  2)2 + (4h  8)2 = h2 + (4h  8)2
(b) y-intercept of AB = = 1
h2  4h + 4 = h2
∴ The coordinates of B are (0 , 1). 4 = 4h
x-intercept of AC = =5 h=1
When h = 1, k = 4(1)  2 = 2.
∴ The coordinates of C are (5 , 0).
(c) The equation of BC is
(c) Slope of MP = =4
=1
Slope of NP = = 4
=5
Slope of MP  slope of NP
x  5y = 5
= 4  (4)
x  5y  5 = 0
= 16

 1
∴ MP is not perpendicular to NP.

∴ △MPN is not a right-angled triangle with
MPN = 90. 46. (a) Slope of L1 =
Slope of L2 = =
45. (a) Slope of AC = =
∵ L1  L2
∵ BD  AC
∴ Slope of BD  slope of AC = 1
= 1
Slope of BD  = 1
k=4
Slope of BD = 4
(b) x-intercept of L1 = = 13
Coordinates of the mid-point of AC =
= (2)  3: 9x  6y = 0 .................. (3)

(1) + (3)：13x  52 = 0
∵ BD passes through .
x=4
∴ The equation of BD is Substitute x = 4 into (2).
3(4)  2y = 0
y = 4[x  (1)]
12 = 2y
y = 4x  4 y=6
∴ The coordinates of Q are (4 , 6).
2y + 3 = 8x  8
(c) OP = 13  0 = 13
8x + 2y + 11 = 0
OQ =
(b) x-intercept of BD = =
∴ =
OP > OQ
∴ Q is closer to the origin O.
Let (a , b) be the coordinates of D.
Mid-point of BD = mid-point of AC
47. (a) Slope of OC = =3
∴ 1 = ∵ AB // OC
∴ Slope of AB = slope of OC
2 = =3
a= k=3
b = 3
∴

67 Solutions
 R.H.S.
The coordinates of D do not satisfy the equation
of OB.
∴ D does not lie on OB.
(b) From (a), the equation of AB is 3x  y  44 = 0.
48. (a) Slope of AB = =
∵ DC // AB
From (1), x = 4y ..................... (3) ∴ Slope of DC = slope of AB =

Substitute (3) into (2).
The equation of DC is
3(4y)  y  44 = 0
y  15 = (x  6)
11y = 44
y=4 3y  45 = 4x  24
Substitute y = 4 into (3). 4x  3y + 21 = 0
x = 4(4) ∵ BC  AB
= 16 ∴ Slope of BC  slope of AB = 1
Slope of BC  = 1
Slope of OA = =
Slope of BC =
∵ CB // OA
∴ Slope of CB = slope of OA =
y  15 = (x  6)
The equation of CB is
4y  60 = 3x + 18
y9= (x  3)
3x + 4y  78 = 0
4y  36 = x  3 (b) The equation of AB is
x  4y + 33 = 0 4x  3y = 4
4x  3y  4 = 0
x-intercept of AB = =1
(5)  3: 3x 12y + 99 = 0 ......... (6)
(4) (6): 11y  143 = 0 ∴ The coordinates of A are (1 , 0).
y = 13
y-intercept of DC = =7
∴ The coordinates of D are (0 , 7).
x  4(13) + 33 = 0
x = 19
∴ The coordinates of B are (19 , 13).
(c) The equation of OB is (1)  4: 16x 12y = 16 ............ (3)
(2)  3: 9x 12y  234 = 0 ....... (4)
y=
(3) + (4): 25x  234 = 16
19y = 13x 25x = 250
13x  19y = 0
x = 10
(d) Substitute (8 , 6) into 13x  19y = 0.
L.H.S. = 13(8)  19(6)
4(10)  3y = 4
= 10

36 = 3y
y = 12
∴ The coordinates of B are (10 , 12).
(b)
(c) AB =
= (1)  4: 16x + 12y  120 = 0 .... (3)
(2)  3: 9x  12y + 45 = 0 ........ (4)
= 15
(3) + (4): 25x  75 = 0
BC =
x=3
=
=5
4(3)  3y  30 = 0
DC =
3y = 18
=
y=6
= 10
Area of the trapezium ABCD ∴ The coordinates of C are (3 , 6).
AC =
=  (AB + DC)  BC
=
=  (15 + 10)  5 =5
BC =
=
=
= 20
49. (a) The equation of L2 is Area of △ABC
= =  AC  BC
= =  5  20
4y = 3x + 15 = 50
3x  4y + 15 = 0 (c) AD = 3BD
Slope of L2 = =3
∵ L1  L2 Let E be a point on AB such that CE  AB.

Slope of L1 =
y= x + 10
3y = 4x + 30
Area of △ACD
4x + 3y  30 = 0 Area of △BCD =

69 Solutions
= =
=3 k = 3
∴ The required ratio is 3 : 1. ∴ The coordinates of A are (2 , 3).
50. (a) The equation of OC is 51. (a) The equation of AC is

x+y=7
y=
x+y7=0
3y = 2x
2x  3y = 0 x-intercept of AC = =7
∵ BC  OC
y-intercept of AC = =7
∴ Slope of BC  slope of OC = 1
Slope of BC  = 1
The coordinates of C are (0 , 7).
Slope of BC =
(b) Slope of AC = = 1
∵ BE  AC
y1= (x  8) ∴ Slope of BE  slope of AC = 1
Slope of BE  (1) = 1
2y  2 = 3x + 24
Slope of BE = 1
3x + 2y  26 = 0
(b) The equation of BE is
y  9 = 1(x  10)
(1)  2: 4x  6y = 0 …………... (3) y  9 = x  10
(2)  3: 9x + 6y  78 = 0 ……... (4) xy1=0
(3) + (4): 13x  78 = 0
Slope of BC = =
x=6
Substitute x = 6 into (1). ∵ AD  BC
2(6)  3y = 0 ∴ Slope of AD  slope of BC = 1
12 = 3y Slope of AD  = 1
y=4
Slope of AD = 5
∴ The coordinates of C are (6 , 4).
The equation of AD is
∵ M is the mid-point of OB.
y  0 = 5(x  7)
∴ Coordinates of M
y = 5x + 35
= 5x + y  35 = 0
(c)
=
Let (h , k) be the coordinates of A. (1) + (2): 6x  36 = 0
∵ M is the mid-point of AC. x=6

∴ =4
6y1=0
h+6=8 y=5
h=2 ∴ The coordinates of H are (6 , 5).

=
=
=
(d) AH = (iv) From (b)(iii), AP = BP.

=
= 53. (a) Coordinates of B
CH = = (3  2 , 2  4)
= = (1 , 6)
= The equation of L is
AC =
=
=
=
=2
The lengths of all the sides of △ACH are
different. y + 2 = 2x  6
∴ △ACH is not an isosceles triangle. 2x  y  8 = 0
(b) x-intercept of L = =4
52. (a) In △AMP and △BMP,
AM = MB given y-intercept of L = = 8
AMP = BMP ∴ The coordinates of P are (4 , 0).

= 90 given
The coordinates of Q are (0 , 8).
MP = MP common side
∵ PR : RQ = 1 : 3
∴ △AMP  △BMP SAS ∴ Coordinates of R
∴ AP = BP corr. sides,  △
=
(b) (i) Slope of AB = = 1
= (3 ,2)
∵ L  AB
∴ Slope of L  slope of AB = 1 54. (a) Slope of PQ = =
Slope of L  (1) = 1
Let T be a point on PQ such that RT  PQ.
Slope of L = 1
y = (1)x
xy=0
. (ii) Substitute (r , s) into x  y = 0.
rs=0
r=s
Slope of RT  slope of PQ = 1
(iii) AP =
= Slope of RT  = 1
=
Slope of RT = 3
=
The equation of the required straight line is
BP =
y  4 = 3(x  6)

71 Solutions
y  4 = 3x  18
=
3x  y  14 = 0
∴ Slope of the straight line in D = slope of L
∴ The answer is D.
(b) ∵ The in-centre of △PQR lies on PS.

56. D
∴ PS is the angle bisector of RPQ.
For the straight line cx + ay = b, i.e. cx + ay  b = 0,
∴ PS  RQ
slope = <0
The orthocentre of △PQR is the point of
intersection of PS and RT.
x-intercept = = <0
∵ RQ is a vertical line.
∴ PS is a horizontal line. y-intercept = = <0
∴ The equation of PS is y = 1.
Let (a , 1) be the coordinates of the orthocentre.
Substitute (a , 1) into 3x  y  14 = 0. 57. A
3a  1  14 = 0 ∵ OA = OC = 2
3a = 15
a=5
Slope of OB = =
∴ The coordinates of the orthocentre of
△PQR are (5 , 1). ∵ AC  OB
∴ Slope of AC  slope of OB = 1
55. D
Slope of AC  = 1
Let L be the straight line = 1.
Slope of AC = 3
The equation of AC is
=1
y  0 = 3(x  2)
=4 y = 3x + 6
3x + y  6 = 0
x  2y = 4
x  2y  4 = 0
58. B
Slope of L = =
x-intercept of L = =6
Slope of the straight line in A
= y-intercept of L = =8
= 2 ∴ OA = 8 and OB = 6.
Slope of the straight line in B AB2 = OA2 + OB2
= AB =
= 10
=2
Slope of the straight line in C ∵ Area of △AOB =  OA  OB =  AB 
= OP
Slope of the straight line in D ∴ OA  OB = AB  OP
8  6 = 10  OP
=

OP = 4.8
59. C 61. D
Let L be the straight line 3x  2y + 12 = 0.
x-intercept of CD = =3
Slope of L = =
∴ The coordinates of D are (3 , 0).
The equation of AD is
y-intercept of L = =6
=
A. Slope of the straight line = = 
=
B. Slope of the straight line = =
7y = 2x  6
2x + 7y  6 = 0 y-intercept of the straight line = =06
C. =1
60. B
Slope of OQ = = =6
∵ PG  OQ x  2y = 6
∴ Slope of PG  slope of OQ = 1 3x  2y  6 = 0
Slope of PG  = 1 Slope of the straight line = =
Slope of PG = y-intercept of the straight line = 3  6
D. =1
The equation of PG is
y0= (x  8) = 24
2y = 3x + 24 6x + 4y = 24
3x + 2y  24 = 0 6x  4y + 24 = 0
Let (6 , b) be the coordinates of G.
Slope of the straight line = =
Substitute (6 , b) into 3x + 2y  24 = 0.
y-intercept of the straight line = 6
3(6) + 2b  24 = 0
2b = 6
b=3
∴ The coordinates of G are (6 , 3). 62. (a)
(b) 2x  3y  2 = 0
(c) (i)
63. (a) A(2 , 0), B(0 , 4)

73 Solutions
(b) x + 2y  8 = 0
(c) 16 : 9
64. (a) 4x + 3y  49 = 0 2. (a) Substitute (2 , 1) into 2x  y + 5 = 0.

(b) 11 L.H.S. = 2(2)  1 + 5
(c) (i) 2 =0
(ii) area: 48, BD: 9.6 = R.H.S.
The coordinates of the point of intersection
65. (a) B(3 , 4), C(4 , 3) satisfy the equation of L.
(b) no ∴ L passes through the point of intersection of
(c) x  y  7 = 0, (10 , 3)
Substitute (2 , 1) into 3x + 2y + 4 = 0.
66. (a) 3x  4y + 78 = 0 L.H.S. = 3(2) + 2(1) + 4
(b) (24 , 0) =0
(c) 150 = R.H.S.
(d)
satisfy the equation of L.
∴ L passes through the point of intersection of
67. A 68. A 69. D 70. A
For k = ,
71. D 72. B 73. D 74. B
75. D 76. C 77. D (2x  y + 5) + (x + 3y  1) = 0
4x  2y + 10 + 3x + 9y  3 = 0
Inquiry & Investigation 2.1 (P.2.58) 7x + 7y + 7 = 0
Investigation steps x+y+1=0
1.
Substitute (2 , 1) into x + y + 1 = 0.
L.H.S. = 2 + 1 + 1
(2) 2: 2x + 6y  2 = 0 ................... (3)
=0
(3)  (1): 7y  7 = 0
y=1 = R.H.S.
Substitute y = 1 into (2). The coordinates of the point of intersection
x  3(1)  1 = 0 satisfy the equation of L.
x = 2 ∴ L passes through the point of intersection of
For k = 2,
(2x  y + 5) + (2)(x + 3y  1) = 0

2x  y + 5  2x  6y + 2 = 0 = 0 + k(0)
7y + 7 = 0 =0
y1=0 (c) From the results of (b), the value of k does not
affect the result of (b)(iii).
Substitute (2 , 1) into y  1 = 0. 3. ∵ (r , s) lies on both A1x + B1y + C1 = 0 and

L.H.S. = 1  1 A2x + B2y + C2 = 0.
=0 ∴ A1r + B1s + C1 = 0 and A2r + B2s + C2 = 0.
= R.H.S. When x = r and y = s,
The coordinates of the point of intersection (A1x + B1y + C1) + k(A2x + B2y + C2)
satisfy the equation of L. = (A1r + B1s + C1) + k(A2r + B2s + C2)
∴ L passes through the point of intersection of = 0 + k(0)
=0
For k = ,
Conclusion
(2x  y + 5) + =0
10x  5y + 25  3x  9y + 3 = 0
7x  14y + 28 = 0 passes through P.
x  2y + 4 = 0
Unit Test (P.2.59)
Substitute (2 , 1) into x  2y + 4 = 0.
L.H.S. = 2  2(1) + 4
=0 = (1M)
= R.H.S.
=
satisfy the equation of L. 2y  4 = x + 5
∴ L passes through the point of intersection of x + 2y  9 = 0 (1A)
(b) Slope of L1 =
(b) (i) ∵ (a , b) lies on L1.
∵ L2 // L1
∴ 2a  b + 5 = 0
When x = a and y = b, ∴ Slope of L2 = slope of L1= (1A)
2x  y + 5 = 2a  b + 5 = 0
(ii) ∵ (a , b) lies on L2. The equation of L2 is
∴ a + 3b  1 = 0 y= x + (4) (1M)
When x = a and y = b,
2y = x  8
x  3y  1 = a + 3b  1 = 0
x + 2y + 8 = 0 (1A)
(iii) When x = a and y = b,
(2x  y + 5) + k(x + 3y  1)
= (2a  b + 5) + k(a + 3b  1)

75 Solutions
=1 (1M)
=6
3x + 2y = 6
3x  2y + 6 = 0 (1A)
(b)
4. B
I. From the figure,
(1)  2: 8x + 2y  28 = 0 .......... (3)
y-intercept of L1 > 0
(2) + (3): 11x  22 = 0 (1M)
x=2 >0
b>0
4(2) + y  14 = 0
∴ I is true.
y=6
II. From the figure,
∴ The coordinates of P are (2 , 6). (1A)
slope of L1 > 0 and slope of L2 < 0
(c) Coordinates of the mid-point of AP
> 0 and <0
= (1M)
a > 0 and c<0
= (0 , 3) ∴ a>c
= coordinates of B ∴ II is true.
∴ B is the mid-point of AP. (1A) III. From the figure,
y-intercept of L2 < 0
3. B <0
Let L be the straight line 2x  y + 7 = 0 and be the
d<0
required straight line.
∴ b>d
Slope of L = =2 ∴ III is not true.
∵ L IV. From the figure,
∴ Slope of  slope of L = 1 x-intercept of L1 < x-intercept of L2
Slope of  2 = 1 <
Slope of =
>
∵ a > 0 and c < 0.
y  (2) = (x  3) ∴ bc < ad
2y + 4 = x + 3 ∴ IV is true.
x + 2y + 1 = 0 ∴ Only I, II and IV are true.
5. D
b=1

and =
a = 10
6. C
Let (h , k) be the coordinates of P.
∵ P lies on the straight line y = x  3.
∴ k=h3
The coordinates of P are (h , h  3).
∵ AP = BP
∴ =
(h  2)2 + (h  8)2 = (h  8)2 + (h  4)2

h2  4h + 4 = h2  8h + 16
4h = 12
h=3
When h = 3, k = 3  3 = 0.

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28

Chapter 2 Equations of Straight Lines

3. From Questions 12,

y  98.6 = 1.8x  66.6 Let  be the required inclination.

3. (a) Let  be the inclination of AB. (c) Coordinates of the mid-point

© Oxford University Press 2014

Instant Drill 2 (P.2.8)

= (0 , 7) (ii) Substitute (1 , 10) into 3x + 2y  23 = 0.

(c) Coordinates of P L.H.S. = 3(1) + 2(10)  23

= (6 , 2) The coordinates of S satisfy the equation of L.

© Oxford University Press 2014

Instant Drill 5 (P.2.11)

Slope of  = 1 ∴ Slope of L1 = slope of L =

Slope of = 2 The equation of L1 is

The equation of is y= x + (3)

Instant Drill 7 (P.2.17) Instant Drill 9 (P.2.20)

© Oxford University Press 2014

(ii) Slope of L = 3 Instant Drill 11 (P.2.22)

3y = x  3 Instant Drill 12 (P.2.24)

Instant Drill 10 (P.2.21) y-intercept of L1 = = 10

(a) Slope of L = = 2 ∴ The coordinates of P are (6 , 0).

© Oxford University Press 2014

(b) Slope of = = Substitute (3) into (2).

(a) = Instant Drill 16 (P.2.38)

b= (a) Slope of L1 = =

© Oxford University Press 2014

Slope of L2 = Area of △OPQ

(2)  12: 144x + 60y  2 028 = 0 ..... (4) 1. y = 2x  1

(3) + (4): 169x  2 028 = 0 2x + y + 1 = 0

© Oxford University Press 2014

= 1 (b) The equation of L is

2. (a) The equation of the straight line is

© Oxford University Press 2014

y-intercept = = 5 Instant Drill Corner 2.6 (P.2.24)

∴ The coordinates of Q are (3 , 0).

© Oxford University Press 2014

(d) The equation of the straight line is

© Oxford University Press 2014

(d) The equation of L1 is

Slope of L2 = (1)  2: 14x + 4y + 12 = 0 ......... (3)

© Oxford University Press 2014

2. (a) passes through (4 , 1) and (3 , 0).

= 5. (a) The equation of is

© Oxford University Press 2014

The equation of is Slope of = tan 30 =

y  (3) = (x  4) ∴ Slope of L1 = slope of L2 =

© Oxford University Press 2014

∴ Slope of L1 = slope of L2 = 1 The equation of L1 is

11. (a) ∵ L1  L2 (c) (i) Substitute (4 , 13) into 3x + 2y + 14 = 0.

y  (2) = (x  0) 13. (a) The equation of L is

© Oxford University Press 2014

18. (a) The coordinates of B are (1 , 5).

15. (a) Slope of L = tan 45 = 1

17. (a) Substitute (a , 5) into 4x  3y + 3 = 0. y0= (x  4)

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21. (a) Slope of L1 = = (c) Substitute x = 0 into 3x  4y + 9 = 0.

22. (a) (i) Coordinates of M (b) The equation of L is

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6. (a) The equation of the straight line is

3. (a) The equation of the straight line is

(b) The equation of the straight line is

4. (a) (b) Slope = =

5. (a) The equation of the straight line is y-intercept =