NSS Mathematics in Action Locus Solutions

NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5B Full Solutions
8 Locus
Activity
Warm-Up Activity (p. 8.4)

1. Figure (II)
2. Yes, the locus of P is a circle with centre A and radius

6 cm.
Activity 8.1 (p. 8.4)
1. (a), (b)
(c) The locus of P is a pair of straight lines parallel to

and at a distance of 1 cm from L.
2. (a)
(b)
(c) The locus of P is made up of:

(i) two parallel line segments, each of length equal
to AB, and at a distance of 1 cm from AB, and;
(ii) two semi-circles each of radius 1 cm, with
centres A and B respectively.
Classwork
Classwork (p. 8.7)
1.
2.
50
8 Locus
Classwork (p. 8.16) Quick Practice
Quick Practice 8.1 (p. 8.7)
The locus of point P is the perpendicular bisector of CD.

(a)
The equation of the locus of P is y  3 .
The locus of point P is the two angle bisectors of the angles

formed by the straight lines L1 and L2.
(b)
The equation of the locus of P is x  3 .
(a) (i)
The locus of P is the line segment joining the

mid-points of AB and DC.
(ii) A point moves inside or on the rectangle ABCD such
that it maintains an equal distance from vertices A
(c) and B. (or any other reasonable answers)
The equations of the locus of P are x  0 and x  4 .
(b)
Since point M is 3 cm from vertices A and B, it lies on the

locus of P.

Let (x, y) be the coordinates of P.
PA  PB
[ x  ( 5)] 2  ( y  2) 2  [ x  (4)] 2  [ y  (1)] 2
(d)
( x  5) 2  ( y  2) 2  ( x  4) 2  ( y  1) 2
The equation of the locus of P is y  2.5 . x 2  10 x  25  y 2  4 y  4  x 2  8 x  16  y 2  2 y  1
2 x  6 y  12  0
x  3y  6  0
∴ The equation of the locus of P is x  3 y  6  0 .
51
Quick Practice 8.6 (p. 8.19)  5

(a) Let (x, y) be the coordinates of P.  1  
 0, 3
∵ CPD  90
 5 Coordinates of M  2 
y  ( 3) y  4  0,  ∴  
  1  3  
x  (4) x  4  1
 0, 
y 3 y4  3
  1
x4 x4 1
∴ y-intercept of L3 
y 2  y  12 3
 1
x 2  16 2
Slope of L3 = slope of L1  
y 2  y  12   x 2  16 3
∴ ∴ The equation of L3 is
x 2  y 2  y  28  0 2 1
∴ The equation of the locus of P is y  x
3 3
x 2  y 2  y  28  0 3 y  2 x  1
 2
 2x  3y  1  0
 or x 2   y  1   113  .
  2 4 

Further Practice
(b) The locus of P is a circle with CD as diameter, excluding
C and D. Further Practice (p. 8.11)

(a) Let (x, y) be the coordinates of P, and F be a point on L
such that PF  L .
PA  PF
[ x  ( 2)]  ( y  5) 2  y  3
2
1.
( x  2)  ( y  5)  ( y  3)
2 2 2
The locus of P is a rectangle with dimensions 6 cm × 3 cm

x 2  4 x  4  y 2  10 y  25  y 2  6 y  9 inside the rectangle EFGH.
4 y  x 2  4 x  20
1
y  x2  x  5
4
1 2
∴ The equation of the locus of P is y  x  x  5
4 2. (a)
.
The required locus is the major arc DE of a circle
(b) The locus of P is a parabola. with centre A and radius 4 cm.

The required locus is the straight line parallel to and midway
between L1 and L2. We name the line as L3.
With the notations in the figure,
(b)
The required locus is the line segment joining D and

E.
Further Practice (p. 8.21)
3
∵ y-intercept of L1    1 and y-intercept of L2
3
(5) 5 1. (a)
 
3 3
The locus of P is the two angle bisectors of the angles
∴ Coordinates of A  (0 ,  1) and coordinates of B
formed by the x-axis and the y-axis.
52
8 Locus
The equation of L1 is
y0
1
x0
yx
(b)
In the figure, L1 and L2 are the locus of P. y0
The acute angle between L1 and the x-axis is 45°.  1
x0
∴ Slope of L1 = tan 45° = 1
∵ L1⊥L2 y  x
1 ∴ The required equations are y  x and
∴ Slope of L2   1
1 y  x .
L1 and L2 also pass through the origin.
2. (a) The locus of P is a circle with centre at A(0, –3) and
radius 3 units.
(b) Let (x, y) be the coordinates of P.
PA  OA
( x  0) 2  [ y  ( 3)] 2  (0  0) 2  [0  ( 3)] 2
x 2  ( y  3) 2  9
∴ The equation of the locus of P is
x 2  ( y  3) 2  9 (or x 2  y 2  6 y  0 ).
3. (a) Let (x, y) be the coordinates of P.
PA 2  PB 2  2 PQ 2
( x  1) 2  ( y  0) 2  ( x  0) 2  ( y  1) 2  2( y  0) 2
x 2  2x  1  y 2  x 2  y 2  2 y  1  2 y 2
2x 2  2x  2  2 y
y  x2  x 1
y  x2  x 1 .
(b) The locus of P is a parabola.
Exercise
Exercise 8A (p. 8.12)

Level 1
1.
The locus of the boat is a circle with centre at the post and
radius 2 m.
2.
The locus of the centre of the wheel of the unicycle is a

line segment parallel to and of length equal to AB, where
its distance from AB is equal to the radius of the wheel of
the unicycle.
53
3. 4.
The locus of P is a straight line parallel to and midway The locus of P is made up of:
between L1 and L2. (i) two parallel line segments, each of length 4 cm, and
at a distance of 3 cm from MN, and;
(ii) two semi-circles each of radius 3 cm, with centres M
and N respectively.
5. (a)
The locus of P is a circle with centre A and radius

2 cm.
(b)
The locus of P is the perpendicular bisector of AB.
6. (a)
The locus of P is a pair of straight lines parallel to

and at a distance of 1 cm from L1.
(b)

formed by the straight lines L1 and L2.
7.
The locus of P is a circle with centre O and radius 3 cm.
54
8 Locus
Level 2
8.
The required locus is a straight line parallel to and midway

between L1 and L2. 12. (a)
The locus of A is a circle with centre C and radius

AC.
9.
The locus of P is the line segment BD. (b)
The locus of E is a circle with centre C and radius

EC.
10. (a)
The locus of P is the line segment parallel to and

midway between AD and BC.
13.
The locus of P is made up of:

(i) two pairs of parallel line segments, each at a distance
of 1 cm from the square; and
(ii) four quarter-circles each of radius 1 cm, centred at
(b) the four vertices of the square respectively.
The locus of P is the angle bisector of ∠BCD.
14.
11. (a) The required locus is a straight line perpendicular to L at

A.
(b) 15.
The locus of P is a minor arc of a circle with centre C The locus of C is a circle with mid-point of AB as the
and radius 2 cm. centre and AB as the diameter, excluding A and B.
16. P lies inside or on the triangle and maintains an equal

distance from AB and AC. (or any other reasonable
answers)
55
17. (a)
The locus of P is the line segment of the angle

bisector of ∠BCA.
(b) ∵ D lies on the locus of P. 19. (a)

∴ DA  DB
∵ AC  BC (i) two parallel line segments, each at a distance
∴ CD⊥AB (prop. of isos. △) 3 cm from AB, and of lengths 3 cm and 8 cm
respectively, and;
(b) The lengths of the locus of P

 1 
 8  3   2 (3)  2 cm
 2 
 (11  6 ) cm
18. (a) (i)

(I) a line segment of length 4 cm parallel to
and at a distance of 4 cm from BC; and
(II) two arcs of a circle, each of radius 4 cm,
centred at B and C respectively.
20. (a)
The locus of P is a pair of straight lines parallel to

and at a distance 3 cm from AB.
(b) The locus of a moving point maintains a fixed

distance of 3 cm from the straight line passing
through AB. (or any other reasonable answers)
(ii)
The locus of Q is the perpendicular bisector of

AB, excluding the line segment inside the
octagon.
(b) M is the intersection of the loci of P and Q.
21. (a)

(i) two parallel line segments, each at a distance
1 cm from AB, and of length 3 cm and 4 cm
respectively, and;
(ii) two parallel line segments, each at a distance
1 cm from BC, and of length 3 cm and 4 cm
respectively, and;
(iii) two semi-circles, each of radius 1 cm, with
centres A and C respectively, and;
(iv) a quarter-circle of radius 1 cm centred at B.
(b) The length of the locus of P
 1 1 
  2  4  2  3  2   2 (1)   2 (1)  cm
 2 4 
 5 
 14   cm
 2 
56
8 Locus
22.

(i) three line segments of lengths equal to AB, BC and
AC respectively, parallel to and at a distance of 2 cm
from AB, BC and AC respectively, and;
(ii) three arcs of circles, each of radius 2 cm, centred
at A, B and C respectively.
Exercise 8B (p. 8.22)

Level 1
1. (a) ∵ L is a horizontal line with y-intercept 2.
∴ The locus of P is a horizontal line 7 units below
L.
y-intercept of the locus of P  2  7
 5
∴ The equation of the locus of P is y  5 .
(b) ∵ L is a vertical line with x-intercept –9.

∴ The locus of P is a vertical line 2 units from L
and on the right of L.
x-intercept of the locus of P  9  2
 7
∴ The equation of the locus of P is x  7 .
2y 1  0
2.
1
y
2
1
∵ L is a horizontal line with y-intercept  .
2
∴ The required locus is a pair of horizontal
5
lines at a distance of units from L.
2
5
y-intercept of the horizontal line units below L
2
1 5
 
2 2
 3
5
y-intercept of the horizontal line units above L
2
1 5
 
2 2
2
∴ The required equations are y  3 and y  2 .
3. (a) The required locus is the horizontal line midway

7  ( 1)
y-intercept of L 
3 2
 4
∴ The equation of the locus of P is y  4 .
57
L1 : 2 x  3  0 AP  BP
(b)
3 [ x  ( 3)]  ( y  2) 2 
2
[ x  ( 3)] 2  ( y  7) 2
x
2 ( x  3) 2  ( y  2) 2  ( x  3) 2  ( y  7) 2
L2 : 4x  9  0 y 2  4 y  4  y 2  14 y  49
9 10 y  45  0
x
4 2y  9  0
The required locus is the vertical line midway ∴ The equation of the locus of P is 2 y  9  0 .
3 9
 
 2 4
x-intercept of L 2
3
3

8
3
x
8
8x  3  0

PA  4
( x  1) 2  ( y  1) 2  4
( x  1) 2  ( y  1) 2  16
( x  1) 2  ( y  1) 2  16
(or x 2  y 2  2 x  2 y  14  0)

3
PA 
2
2
  1  3
 x       ( y  0) 
2
  2  2
2
 1 9
x    y 
2
 2 4
2
 1 9
x   y 
2
 2  4
(or x  y  x  2  0)
2 2
AP  BP
( x  2) 2  [ y  (1)] 2  ( x  5) 2  ( y  2) 2
( x  2) 2  ( y  1) 2  ( x  5) 2  ( y  2) 2
x 2  4 x  4  y 2  2 y  1  x 2  10 x  25  y 2  4 y  4
6 x  6 y  24  0
x y40
x y40.
58
8 Locus
AP  3BP
8. (a)
[ x  (3)]  ( y  5) 2  3 ( x  5) 2  ( y  1) 2
2
The locus of P is a circle with OA as diameter,

( x  3) 2  ( y  5) 2  9[( x  5) 2  ( y  1) 2 ] excluding O and A.
x 2  6 x  9  y 2  10 y  25  9( x 2  10 x  25  y 2  2 y  1)
x 2  6 x  9  y 2  10 y  25  9 x 2  90 x  225  9 y 2  18 y  9 ∵ OP⊥AP
8 x 2  8 y 2  96 x  8 y  200  0 y0 y2
  1
x  y  12 x  y  25  0
2 2
x 0 x 8
∴ The equation of the locus of P is y2  2y
x 2  y 2  12 x  y  25  0
∴  1
x 2  8x
 2
 y 2  2 y   x 2  8x
 or ( x  6) 2   y  1   45 
  2 4 
 x 2  y 2  8x  2 y  0
x 2  y 2  8x  2 y  0
(or ( x  4) 2  ( y  1) 2  17 )
AP : BP  2 : 3
AP 2 9. (a) Let (x, y) be the coordinates of P.

BP 3 ∵ AP⊥AB
3 AP  2 BP y5 3  5
  1
3 [ x  ( 3)]  ( y  5)
2 2
 2 ( x  5)  ( y  1)
2 2 x  (2) 4  (2)
y 5  4
9[( x  3) 2  ( y  5) 2 ]  4[( x  5) 2  ( y  1) 2 ]      1
x2  3 ∴
9( x  6 x  9  y  10 y  25)  4( x  10 x  25  y  2 y  1)
2 2 2 2
4( y  5)  3( x  2)
9 x 2  54 x  81  9 y 2  90 y  225  4 x 2  40 x  100  4 y 2  8 y  4
4 y  20  3x  6
5 x 2  5 y 2  94 x  82 y  202  0
3x  4 y  26  0
5 x 2  5 y 2  94 x  82 y  202  0 3 x  4 y  26  0 .
  2 2
 (b) Let (x, y) be the coordinates of P.
 or  x  47    y  41   576  ∵ AP⊥BP
  5   5  5  y  5 y  (3)

  1
x  (2) x  4
y 5 y3
∴   1
x2 x4
y 2  2 y  15   x 2  2 x  8
x 2  y 2  2 x  2 y  23  0
7. (a) ∴ The equation of the locus of P is
x 2  y 2  2 x  2 y  23  0
The locus of P is a straight line passing through A
and perpendicular to the line segment AB. (or ( x  1) 2  ( y  1) 2  25 )
(b) Let (x, y) be the coordinates of P. Level 2

∵ AP⊥AB 10. (a) The required locus is the straight line parallel to and
y 3 93 midway between L1 and L2. We name the line as L3.
  1 With the notations in the figure,
x2 62
y 3 3
∴   1
x2 2
3( y  3)  2( x  2)
3 y  9  2 x  4
2 x  3 y  13  0
∵ y-intercept of L1  5 and y-intercept of L2
2 x  3 y  13  0 .
2
59
∴ Coordinates of A  (0 , 5) and  52

 0, 
coordinates of B  (0 , 2)  2 
∴ Coordinates of M
 7
 0, 
 2
7
2
Slope of L3 = slope of L1  3
∴ The equation of L3 is
7
y  3 x 
2
7
y  3 x  .
2
(b) The required locus is the straight line parallel to and

midway between L1 and L2. We name the line as L3.
1
∵ y-intercept of L1   and
5
( 3) 3
y-intercept of L2   
5 5
 1
∴ Coordinates of A   0 ,   and
 5
 3
coordinates of B   0 , 
 5
 1 3
   

 0, 5 5 
∴ Coordinates of M  2 
 
 
 1
 0, 
 5
1
5
2
Slope of L3 = slope of L1  
5
2 1
y  x
5 5
5 y  2 x  1
2x  5 y  1  0
2x  5 y  1  0 .
60
8 Locus
1 2
y x 2.
8
(b) The locus of P is a parabola.
14. Let (x, y) be the coordinates of P, and B be a point on L

11. (a) such that PB  L .
PA  PB
formed by the x-axis and the line x  3 . ( x  2) 2  ( y  1) 2  5  y
( x  2) 2  ( y  1) 2  (5  y ) 2
x 2  4 x  4  y 2  2 y  1  y 2  10 y  25
x 2  4 x  20  8 y
1
y   ( x 2  4 x  20)
8
(b) ∴ The equation of the locus of P is
1 2
In the figure, L1 and L2 are the locus of P.
y ( x  4 x  20) .
8
The acute angle between L1 and the x-axis is 45°.
∴ Slope of L1 = tan 45° = 1 15. Let (x, y) be the coordinates of P, and B be a point on L
∵ L1⊥L2
such that PB  L .
1
∴ Slope of L2   1 PA  PB
1
2 2
L1 and L2 also pass through (3, 0).   3    1 
The equation of L1 is x       y      y  ( 1)
y0   2    2 
1
x3  3 
2
1
2
y  x3  x     y    ( y  1) 2
 2  2
9 1
y0 x 2  3x   y 2  y   y 2  2 y  1
 1 4 4
x 3
y  x  3 3
y  x 2  3x 
∴ The required equations are y  x  3 and
2
y  x  3 . 3
The equation of the locus of P is y  x  3x 
2
∴
2
12. The locus of P is the two angle bisectors of the angles . The locus of P is a parabola.
formed by L1 and L2.
∵ Slope of L1 = 1 and slope of L2 = –1 16. Let (x, y) be the coordinates of P.
∴ One angle bisector is a vertical line and the other AP 2  BP 2  13
angle bisector is a horizontal line.
∵ y-intercept of L1 = y-intercept of L2 = 1 ( x  1) 2  ( y  0) 2  ( x  4) 2  ( y  0) 2  13
∴ L1 and L2 intersect at (0, 1). ( x  1) 2  y 2  ( x  4) 2  y 2  13
∴ The angle bisectors of the angles formed by L1 and
L2 are x  0 and y  1 . x 2  2 x  1  x 2  8 x  16  2 y 2  13
∴ The equations of the locus of P are x  0 and 2 x 2  2 y 2  10 x  4  0
y  1. x 2  y 2  5x  2  0
13. (a) Let (x, y) be the coordinates of P, and H be a point
on the x-axis such that PH is perpendicular to the x 2  y 2  5x  2  0
x-axis.   2

PF  PH  or  x  5   y 2  17  .
  2 4 

( x  0) 2  ( y  4) 2  y  0
x 2  ( y  4) 2  y 2 17. (a)  and L are two parallel lines.
x  y  8 y  16  y
2 2 2
(8) 8
x 2  16  8 y (b) y-intercept of L   
5 5
1 ∵ P is above L and maintains a fixed vertical
y  x2  2
8 distance of 2 units from L.
61
8 1
 2 y  3   [ x  (4)]
∴ y-intercept of  5 2
 18 2( y  3)  ( x  4)

5 2 y  6  x  4
2 x  2y  2  0
Slope of  = slope of L   (ii) The required locus is the perpendicular bisector
5
of BC.
∴ The equation of is
7  5
2 18 ∵ Slope of BC   2
y  x 3  ( 3)
5 5
5 y  2 x  18
2 x  5 y  18  0
2
18. (a) Slope of L2 = slope of L1  
5
2
y  ( 4)   ( x  2)
5
5( y  4)  2( x  2)
5 y  20  2 x  4
2 x  5 y  16  0
(b) (i)  , L1 and L2 are three parallel lines and  lies

midway between L1 and L2.
(8) 8
(ii) ∵ y-intercept of L1    and
5 5
16
y-intercept of L2  
5
8  16 
  
5  5 
∴ y-intercept of 

2
4

5
2
Slope of  = slope of L1  
5
∴ The equation of  is
2 4
y  x
5 5
5 y  2 x  4
2x  5 y  4  0
19. (a) (i) The required locus is the perpendicular bisector

of AB.
5 1
∵ Slope of AB  2
 3  ( 5)
1

∴ Slope of the required locus 2
1

2
Coordinates of the mid-point of AB
 5  ( 3) 1  5 
 , 
 2 2 
 ( 4 , 3)
∴ The equation of the required locus is
62
8 Locus
1 (b) ∵ △ABC is an equilateral triangle.

 ∴ Area of △ABC
∴ Slope of the required locus 2
1 
1    (7  2) 2  sin 60 sq. units
 2 
2
Coordinates of the mid-point of BC 25 3
 sq. units
 3  3 5  ( 7)  4
 ,   10 sq. units
 2 2 
∴ It is impossible to find a point C on the locus of
 (0 ,  1) P such that △ABC is an equilateral triangle.
∴ The equation of the required locus is
1 Check Yourself (p. 8.27)
y  ( 1)  ( x  0) 1. (a)  (b) 
2 (c)  (d) 
2( y  1)  x
2y  2  x
x  2y  2  0
(b) D is the intersection of the perpendicular bisectors of

AB and BC.
 x  2 y  2  0  (1)

 x  2 y  2  0  ( 2 )
(1) + (2) : 2 x  4  0
x2 2.
By substituting x  2 into (1), we have
2  2y  2  0
y0
∴ The coordinates of D are (2, 0).
3.
20. (a)
The locus of P is a pair of straight lines parallel to 4. The locus of P is the straight line parallel to and midway
and at a distance of 3 units from AB. between L1 and L2. We name the line as L3.
2  6
(b) y-intercept of the horizontal line 3 units below AB x-intercept of L  2
3
 23
2
 1 ∴ The equation of the locus of P is x  2 .
y-intercept of the horizontal line 3 units above AB
 23 5. Let (x, y) be the coordinates of P.
5 AP  3
∴ The equations of the locus of P are y  1
( x  0) 2  [ y  (2)]2  3
and y5.
x 2  ( y  2) 2  9
21. (a) Notice that A and B are two points on the y-axis. ∴ The equation of the locus of P is
Let (x, y) be the coordinates of P, and H be a point on x 2  ( y  2) 2  9 (or x 2  y 2  4 y  5  0 ).
the y-axis such that PH is perpendicular to the y-axis.
Then, length of PH  x
1
Area of △ ABP  ( AB )( PH )
2
1
10  (7  2)( x)
2
x4
∴ The equation of the locus of P is x  4 .
63
6. Let (x, y) be the coordinates of P.

∵ APB  90
y 3 y 5
  1
x  (1) x  0
y 3 y 5
  1
∴ x 1 x
y 2  8 y  15
 1
x2  x
y 2  8 y  15   x 2  x
x 2  y 2  x  8 y  15  0
x 2  y 2  x  8 y  15  0
  2

 or  x  1   ( y  4) 2  5 
  2 4 

Revision Exercise 8 (p. 8.28)

Level 1
1.
2. The locus of A is a circle with centre C and radius 7 cm.

The locus of B is a circle with centre C and radius 2 cm.
3.
The locus of P is a pair of straight lines parallel to and at a

distance of 2 cm from L.
4.

5. (a)

(i) two parallel line segments, each of length 3 cm,
and at a distance of 2 cm from AB, and;
64
8 Locus
PA  PO
[ x  ( 2)]  ( y  0) 2 
2
( x  0) 2  ( y  0) 2
(b)
( x  2) 2  y 2  x 2  y 2
The locus of P is the perpendicular bisector of AB. x 2  4x  4  x 2
4x  4  0
x  1
∴ The equation of the locus of P is x  1 .
L: 3x  5  0
6. (a) 11.
5
x
The locus of P is the angle bisector of ∠BAC. 3
5
(b) ∵ AB  AC and BAS  CAS ∵ L is a vertical line with x-intercept .
3
∴ BS  CS (prop. of isos. △)
∴ The locus of P is a pair of vertical lines at a distance
1 of 2 units from L.
∴ BS  CS   2 cm  1 cm x-intercept of the vertical line 2 units from L and on the
2
5 1
left of L  2 
7. The locus of P is the perpendicular bisector of AD. 3 3
Let E be the mid-point of AD. x-intercept of the vertical line 2 units from L and on the
1 5 11
ED   8 cm  4 cm right of L  2
2 3 3
∵ C is a point on the locus of P. ∴ The equations of the locus of P are
∴ CE⊥AD
1 11
CE  CD 2  ED 2 (Pyth. theorem) xand x
3 3
 5 2  4 2 cm 3 x  1  0 and 3x  11  0
 3 cm
∴ Area of parallelogram ABCD 12. The locus of P is the horizontal line midway between L1
 AD  CE and L2. We name the line as L3.
 8  3 cm 2
L1 : 4 y  1  0
 24 cm 2 1
y
4
3
L2 : y
2
1 3
 
8.  4 2
y-intercept of L
3
2
The required locus is the line segment AB.
5

8
5
y
9. (a) 8
The locus of P is an arc of a circle with centre C and 8y  5  0
radius 2 cm.
PC  7
[ x  ( 5)]2  ( y  3) 2  7
(b) ( x  5) 2  ( y  3) 2  49
( x  5) 2  ( y  3) 2  49
(i) a line segment of length 2 cm, parallel to BC and
at a distance of 1 cm from BC, and; (or x 2  y 2  10 x  6 y  15  0 )
(ii) an arc of a circle with centre C and radius 1 cm.
65

 9
6   
AP  BP  2
∴ y-intercept of L 
3 2
[ x  ( 4)] 2  ( y  6) 2  [ x  (8)]2  ( y  11) 2
3
( x  4) 2  ( y  6) 2  ( x  8) 2  ( y  11) 2 
4
x 2  8 x  16  y 2  12 y  36  x 2  16 x  64  y 2  22 y  121 3
8 x  10 y  133  0 Slope of L3 = slope of L1    3
1
8 x  10 y  133  0 .

∵ AP  PB
y  3 y  (2)
  1
x5 x0
y3 y2
  1
∴
x5 x
y2  y  6
 1
x 2  5x
y 2  y  6   x 2  5x
x 2  y 2  5x  y  6  0
x 2  y 2  5x  y  6  0
 2 2

 or  x  5    y  1   25 
  2  2 2 

AP : PB  3 : 1
AP 3

PB 1
AP  3PB
[ x  ( 4)]2  [ y  ( 2)]2  3 ( x  0) 2  ( y  2) 2
( x  4) 2  ( y  2) 2  9[ x 2  ( y  2) 2 ]
x 2  8 x  16  y 2  4 y  4  9 x 2  9 y 2  36 y  36
8 x 2  8 y 2  8 x  40 y  16  0
x2  y2  x  5y  2  0
x2  y 2  x  5 y  2  0
  2 2

 or  x  1    y  5   9 
  2  2 2 

(b) The locus of P is a circle.
17. The locus of P is the straight line parallel to and midway

L1 : 3x  y  6  0
( 6)
y-intercept of L1   6
1
L2 : 6x  2 y  9  0
9
y-intercept of L2  
2
66
8 Locus
3
y  3 x 
4
4 y  12 x  3
12 x  4 y  3  0
(ii)
∴ The equation of the locus of P is 12 x  4 y  3  0 .
The locus of P is the line segment AC.
18. Let (x, y) be the coordinates of P, B be a point on L1 such that
PB is perpendicular to L1, and C be a point on L2 such that (b) Q moves inside or on the square and maintains an
PC is perpendicular to L2. equal distance from the line segments AC and BD.
BP  CP (or any other reasonable answers)
( x  3) 2  ( y  y ) 2  ( x  x ) 2  [ y  (1)]2
( x  3) 2  ( y  1) 2
x  3  y  1 or x  3  ( y  1)
x y40 or x  y  2  0
∴ The equations of the locus of P are
x  y  4  0 and x  y  2  0 .
19. Let (x, y) be the coordinates of P, and H be a point on L such

that PH⊥L.
PF  PH
( x  0) 2  [ y  ( 4)] 2  2  y 22. (a) (i)
x 2  ( y  4) 2  (2  y ) 2 The locus of P is the perpendicular bisector of

BC.
x  y  8 y  16  4  4 y  y
2 2 2
12 y   x 2  12
1
y   x2 1
12
1 2
∴ The equation of the locus of P is y   x 1 .
12
Level 2
(ii)
The locus of Q is a circle with centre A and

20. (a) radius 2.5 cm.
(b) The possible locations of R are the intersections

(b) Distance run by the man between the locus of P and the locus of Q.
 1 
  2  60  2  100  4   2 (10)  m
 4 
 (320  20 ) m
21. (a) (i)
The locus of P is the line segment EG.
67
23.

(i) two pairs of parallel line segments, each of length
3 cm, and at a distance of 1 cm from AB, BC, CD and
DA respectively, and;
(ii) four arcs of circles, each of radius 1 cm, with centres
A, B, C and D respectively.
24. (a) The locus of P is a circle with centre A and radius

4 units.
(b) The equation of the circle with centre A (7, 3) and

radius 4 units is
( x  7) 2  ( y  3) 2  4 2
( x  7) 2  ( y  3) 2  16
( x  7) 2  ( y  3) 2  16
(or x 2  y 2  14 x  6 y  42  0 )

∵ AP 2  BP 2  AB 2
∴ AP⊥BP (converse of Pyth. theorem)
y3 y7
  1
x5 x7
y 2  10 y  21
∴  1
x 2  12 x  35
y 2  10 y  21   x 2  12 x  35
x 2  y 2  12 x  10 y  56  0
x 2  y 2  12 x  10 y  56  0
(or ( x  6) 2  ( y  5) 2  5 )
PM 2  PN 2  8
[ x  (3)]2  ( y  4) 2  [( x  0) 2  ( y  5) 2 ]  8
( x  3) 2  ( y  4) 2  x 2  ( y  5) 2  8
x 2  6 x  9  y 2  8 y  16  x 2  y 2  10 y  25  8
6x  2 y  8  0
3x  y  4  0
∴ The equation of the locus of P is 3 x  y  4  0 .
68
8 Locus
27. (a)  and L are two parallel lines.
(b)

∵ slope of  = slope of L = 1
∴ tan   1
  45
  90  45  45
In △ABC,
AB
sin  
AC
2
sin 45 
AC
AC  2
∵ y-intercept of L = –1
 1  2
∴ y-intercept of 
 3
y  x3
x y 3 0
 tan(180  BAC )
  tan BAC
28. (a) Slope of L 2

4
1

2
y-intercept of L = 5
∴ The equation of L is
1
y   x5
2
2 y   x  10
x  2 y  10  0
(b) (i)  and L are two parallel lines.

(ii) y-intercept of 
 52
7
1
Slope of  = slope of L  
2
1
y   x7
2
2 y   x  14
x  2 y  14  0
29. (a) (i)  is the perpendicular bisector of the line

segment joining A and B.
69
(ii) ∵ L is a vertical line. 7 x  y  24  0 and x  7 y  18  0 .

∴  is a horizontal line.
3  ( 1)
y-intercept of 

2
1
∴ The equation of  is y  1 .
(b) Let (x, y) be the coordinates of Q, and C be a point on

 such that QC is perpendicular to .
QA  QC
( x  4) 2  ( y  3) 2  y  1
( x  4) 2  ( y  3) 2  ( y  1) 2
x 2  8 x  16  y 2  6 y  9  y 2  2 y  1
x 2  8 x  24  4 y
1 2
y x  2x  6
4
∴ The equation of the locus of Q is
1 2
y x  2x  6 .
4
30. (a) (i) The locus of P is the angle bisector of ∠BAD.

(ii) AC is the angle bisector of ∠BAD.
The equation of AC is
y 1 0 1

x0 70
y 1 1

x 7
7 y  7  x
x  7y 7  0
∴ The required equation is
x  7y  7  0 .
(b) The locus of Q is the two angle bisectors of the

angles formed by L1 and L2, namely L3 and L4.
L3 passes through B and D.
4  (3)
Slope of L3 = slope of BD  7
43
y  (3)
7
x3
y3
7
x3
y  3  7 x  21
7 x  y  24  0
L4 // AC and passes through B.
0 1 1
Slope of L4 = slope of AC  
70 7
y  (3) 1

x3 7
y3 1

x3 7
7 y  21   x  3
x  7 y  18  0
∴ The equations of the locus of Q are
70
8 Locus

2. Answer: C
AP  kBP
3. Answer: C
[ x  ( 1)]  ( y  2) 2  k ( x  3) 2  ( y  0) 2
2
4. Answer: D
( x  1) 2  ( y  2) 2  k 2 [( x  3) 2  y 2 ]
5. Answer: D
x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  5  k 2 ( x 2  y 2  6 x  9)
6.
Answer: D
2 2 2 2 2 The locus of P is a pair of straight lines parallel to and at a
2
(1  k ) x  (1  k ) y  ( 2  6k ) x  4 y  5  9k  0 distance of 3 unit from L.
∴ The equation of the locus of P is ∵ L is a vertical line.
∴ The locus of P is a pair of vertical lines.
(1  k 2 ) x 2  (1  k 2 ) y 2  ( 2  6k 2 ) x  4 y  5  9k 2  0 ∴ The equations of the locus of P are x  0 and x  6
. .
(b) (i) ∵ The locus in (a) is a straight line.

∴ The coefficients of x2 and y2 are both zero.
1 k 2  0
k2 1
k  1 or k  1 (rejected)
(ii) By substituting k  1 into
(1  k 2 ) x 2  (1  k 2 ) y 2  ( 2  6k 2 ) x  4 y  5  9k 2  0
,
we have
(1  12 ) x 2  (1  12 ) y 2  [ 2  6(1) 2 ] x  4 y  5  9(1) 2  0
8x  4 y  4  0
2x  y  1  0
∴ The required equation is
2x  y  1  0 .
32.
The locus of P is the major arc of a circle with centre O

above AB, where AOB  100 and A and B are
excluded.
33.

The locus of vertex A is made up of:
AA1

(i) of a circle with centre C and radius 7 cm,
and;
(ii)
A1 A2 of a circle with centre B2 and radius 6 cm.
Multiple Choice Questions (p. 8.33)

1. Answer: D
71
7. Answer : A PF  PQ
( x  0)  [ y  ( 1)] 2  y  ( 3)
2
AP  AB x 2  ( y  1) 2  ( y  3) 2
( x  2)  [ y  (1)]
2 2
 [ 2  ( 3)]  [ 1  ( 1)]
2 2
x2  y2  2y 1  y2  6y  9
( x  2)  ( y  1)  25
2 2
x2  8  4y
x  y  4 x  2 y  20  0
2 2
1 2
y x 2
∴ The equation of the locus of P is 4
x2 + y2 – 4x + 2y – 20 = 0. 1 2
∴ The equation of the locus of P is y  x 2.
8. Answer: B 4
 2 a  ( 2 a ) a  (  a )  Exam Focus
Mid-point of AB   2
,
2

  Exam-type Questions (p. 8.36)
 (0, 0)
1. (a) (i)  is the perpendicular bisector of the line
a  a segment OA.

Slope of AB  2a  2a (ii) Let (x, y) be the coordinates of P.
1
 ∵ PA  PQ
2
Slope of the locus of P = –2 ∴ ( x  4) 2  ( y  8) 2  ( x  0) 2  ( y  0) 2
y  0  2( x  0) ( x  4) 2  ( y  8) 2  x 2  y 2
2x  y  0 x  8 x  16  y 2  16 y  64  x 2  y 2
2
 8 x  16 y  80  0
9. Answer: D x  2 y  10  0
L1 : 2 x  y  3  0
∴ The equation of  is x  2 y  10  0 .
2
Slope of L1    2
1 (b) (i) By substituting x  0 into
L2 : 2 x  y  5  0 x  2 y  10  0 , we have
2 0  2 y  10  0
Slope of L2    2
1 y5
∵ Slope of L1 = slope of L2 ∴ The coordinates of B are (0, 5).
∴ L1 is parallel to L2. (ii) Let the coordinates of C be (h, k).
∴ The locus of P is a straight line parallel to and ∵ Area of △OBA = area of △OBC
midway between L1 and L2. ∴ h4
( 3) By substituting (4, k) into x  2 y  10  0 ,
y-intercept of L1   3
1 we have
5 4  2k  10  0
y-intercept of L2    5 k 3
1
∴ The coordinates of C are (4, 3).
3  ( 5)
y-intercept of the locus of P  2 2. (a) (i)  is a circle with diameter AB, excluding A and
B.
 1 (ii) Let (x, y) be the coordinates of P.
∴ The equation of the locus of P is ∵ AP⊥BP
y  2 x  1
y7 y2
2x  y  1  0   1
x  0 x  12
10. Answer: A y 2  9 y  14
Let (x, y) be the coordinates of P, and Q be the point on L
∴  1
x 2  12 x
such that PQ  L .
y 2  9 y  14   x 2  12 x
x 2  y 2  12 x  9 y  14  0
x 2  y 2  12 x  9 y  14  0
 2

 or ( x  6) 2   y  9   169 
  2 4 

72
8 Locus
 ( 12) ( 9)  Distance between O and the centre of 

  ,  2
(b) Centre of   2 2  9 
 (6  0) 2    0 
 9 2 
 6, 
 2 15 13
 
2 2 2
9 ∴ O lies outside .
 6 2     14
Radius of  2 The distance of OP when P is nearest to O
  15 13 
13    unit
  2 2 
2
 1 unit
3. (a) (i) and L1 are parallel.

3
(ii) y-intercept of L1   1
( 3)
 22  22
y-intercept of L2   
 3  3
 22 
1  
 3 
y-intercept of   2

19

6
4 4
Slope of  = slope of L1   
( 3) 3
4 19
y x
3 6
6 y  8 x  19
8 x  6 y  19  0
 ( 8) 4
(b) (i) Centre of C
  , 
 2 2
 ( 4 ,  2)
By substituting ( 4 ,  2) into
4 x  3 y  22  0 , we have
L.H.S.  4( 4)  3( 2)  22  0
R.H.S. = 0
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
∴ L2 passes through the centre of C.
(ii) ∵ L2 passes through the centre of C.
∴ ST is a diameter of C.
Radius of C  4 2  ( 2) 2  ( 5)

5
∴ Length of ST  ( 2  5)
 10
∵  is a straight line parallel to and midway
between L1 and L2, and C touches L1.
∴ The height of △QST with base ST is half
the radius of C.
∴ Area of △QST
1  1  
     5   10 sq. units
 2  2  
 12.5 sq. units
73
4. Answer: C 5. Answer: B
PA  5
[ x  ( 2)]2  ( y  1) 2  5
( x  2) 2  ( y  1) 2  25
( x  2) 2  ( y  1) 2  25 .
∵ L1 and L2 are vertical lines.
∴ The locus of Q is a vertical line midway between L1
and L2. We name the line as L3.
2  8
x-intercept of L  2
3
3
∴ The equation of the locus of Q is x  3 .
Distance between the centre of the locus of P and the locus
of Q
 3  ( 2)
5
i.e. the distance between the centre of the locus of P and the
locus of Q is equal to the radius of the locus of P.
∴ The locus of P intersects the locus of Q at one point.
6. Answer: C
Let (x, y) be the coordinates of P, and B be a point on the
x-axis such that PB is perpendicular to the x-axis.
PF  PB
( x  4) 2  ( y  2) 2  y  0
( x  4) 2  ( y  2) 2  y 2
x 2  8 x  16  y 2  4 y  4  y 2
x 2  8 x  20  4 y
1
y  x2  2x  5
4
1
y  x 2  2x  5 .
4
Investigation Corner (p. 8.38)

1. (a) Time
elapsed 0 1 2 3 4 5
(second)
Angle
rotated
by the 0 30 60 90 120 150
disc
(degree)
Distance
of the
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
snail
from O
74
8 Locus
Time
elapsed 6 7 8 9 10 11
(second)
Angle
rotated
by the 180 210 240 270 300 330
disc
(degree)
Distance
of the
1.5 1.75 2 2.25 2.5 2.75
snail
from O
(b)
2. (a)
(b) The locus of the canoe is a straight line.
(c) ∵ The straight line passes through (0, 0) and (5, 20).
∴ The equation of the straight line is
y  0 20  0

x0 50
y  4x
∴ The required equation of locus is y  4 x .
75

NSS Mathematics in Action Locus Solutions

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5B Full Solutions

Warm-Up Activity (p. 8.4)

2. Yes, the locus of P is a circle with centre A and radius

Activity 8.1 (p. 8.4)

(c) The locus of P is a pair of straight lines parallel to

(c) The locus of P is made up of:

Classwork (p. 8.7)

Classwork (p. 8.16) Quick Practice

Quick Practice 8.1 (p. 8.7)

The locus of point P is the perpendicular bisector of CD.

Quick Practice 8.2 (p. 8.8)

The equation of the locus of P is y  3 .

The locus of point P is the two angle bisectors of the angles

Quick Practice 8.3 (p. 8.9)

The equation of the locus of P is x  3 .

Quick Practice 8.4 (p. 8.11)

The locus of P is the line segment joining the

The equations of the locus of P are x  0 and x  4 .

Since point M is 3 cm from vertices A and B, it lies on the

Quick Practice 8.5 (p. 8.18)

Quick Practice 8.6 (p. 8.19)  5

Quick Practice 8.7 (p. 8.20)

The locus of P is a rectangle with dimensions 6 cm × 3 cm

Quick Practice 8.8 (p. 8.21)

The required locus is the line segment joining D and

Further Practice (p. 8.21)

(b) Let (x, y) be the coordinates of P.

3. (a) Let (x, y) be the coordinates of P.

(b) The locus of P is a parabola.

Exercise 8A (p. 8.12)

The locus of the centre of the wheel of the unicycle is a

The locus of P is a circle with centre A and radius

The locus of P is the perpendicular bisector of AB.

The locus of P is a pair of straight lines parallel to

The locus of P is the two angle bisectors of the angles

The locus of P is a circle with centre O and radius 3 cm.

The required locus is a straight line parallel to and midway

The locus of A is a circle with centre C and radius

The locus of P is the line segment BD. (b)

The locus of E is a circle with centre C and radius

The locus of P is the line segment parallel to and

The locus of P is made up of:

The locus of P is the angle bisector of ∠BCD.

11. (a) The required locus is a straight line perpendicular to L at

16. P lies inside or on the triangle and maintains an equal

The locus of P is the line segment of the angle

(b) ∵ D lies on the locus of P. 19. (a)

(b) The lengths of the locus of P

18. (a) (i)

The locus of P is made up of:

The locus of P is a pair of straight lines parallel to

(b) The locus of a moving point maintains a fixed

The locus of Q is the perpendicular bisector of

(b) M is the intersection of the loci of P and Q.

The locus of P is made up of:

(b) The length of the locus of P

The locus of P is made up of:

Exercise 8B (p. 8.22)

(b) ∵ L is a vertical line with x-intercept –9.

3. (a) The required locus is the horizontal line midway

4. (a) Let (x, y) be the coordinates of P.

(b) Let (x, y) be the coordinates of P.