Worksheet 4.1: Linear Inequalities in Two Unknowns

NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 4 Linear Programming
Basic
Worksheet 4.1 Linear Inequalities in Two Unknowns NF
(Refer to Book 5A Ch4 p. 4.5 – 4.13)

Name: _________________________ Class: ___________
Key Points
We can solve a linear inequality in two unknowns ax + by + c  0 and  e.g. Solve x + y – 1  0 graphically.
represent the solutions graphically as follows: y step 3
Step 1: Draw the solid line ax + by + c = 0.
step 2 Solutions of
(Note: A dotted line is drawn if the inequality sign is ‘>’ or x+y–10
0+0–1<0
‘<’.) x
0
Step 2: Choose a test point and determine which half-plane represents
the solutions of the inequality. step 1
x+y–1=0
(Note: Any point which does not lie on the boundary can be
chosen as a test point. For convenience, we usually
choose (0, 0).)
Step 3: Shade the relevant half-plane.
1. Determine whether each of the following is a linear inequality in two unknowns. Put a ‘’ in
the appropriate box.
(a) x 3 y □ (b) xy 1 □
(c) y  x  2 □ 2
(d) x  4 y  1 □
(e) x  2 y  1 0 □ (f) ( x  1)( y  1)  0 □
In each of the following, determine whether the ordered pair(s) is/are the solution(s) of the
inequality. Put a ‘’ in the appropriate box. (2 – 5)
2. x+y5
(a) (0, 0) (b) (1, 0) (c) (3, 4)
3. 2x  –3y
(a) (0, 0) (b) (0, –1) (c) (2, –1)
4. 4x – y < –3
(a) (0, 0) (b) (0, 3) (c) (–1, 0)
5. 2x + y + 3  0
(a) (0, 0) (b) (0, –3) (c) (–2, 2)
1
6. Shade the half-plane that represents the solutions of

x  2y  3.
Solution
When x = 0 and y = 0,
x  2 y ( )  2( )
( )
(<3/>3)
∴ The half-plane ( with / without ) the test point (0, 0)
represents the solutions of the inequality.
Shade the region representing the
solutions of the inequality.
In each of the following, shade the half plane that represents the solutions of the inequality. (7 – 12)
7. x < –2 8. y  x
9. y > –x + 1 10. y  2x + 4
2
11. 2x + y  4 12. 4x – 3y > –12
13. Write down an inequality whose solutions are represented

by the shaded region in the figure.
Solution
Choose a point in the shaded region, say (0, 0).
x  3 ( )  3 ( )
y ( )
∴ y ____ x + 3
∴ The required inequality is ( ).
In each of the following, the shaded region represents the solutions of an inequality. Write down the
inequality. (14 – 15)
14. 15.
_____________________________ _____________________________
3
Enhanced
Worksheet 4.1 Linear Inequalities in Two Unknowns NF

Name: _________________________ Class: ___________
Key Points
We can solve a linear inequality in two unknowns ax + by + c  0 and  e.g. Solve x + y – 1  0 graphically.
represent the solutions graphically as follows: y step 3
Step 1: Draw the solid line ax + by + c = 0.
step 2 Solutions of
(Note: A dotted line is drawn if the inequality sign is ‘>’ or x+y–10
0+0–1<0
‘<’.) x
0
Step 2: Choose a test point and determine which half-plane represents
the solutions of the inequality. step 1
x+y–1=0
(Note: Any point which does not lie on the boundary can be
chosen as a test point. For convenience, we usually
choose (0, 0).)
Step 3: Shade the relevant half-plane.
1. Consider the ordered pairs:

(0, 0), (4, 0), (0, –3), (7, 1), (–1, –4)
(a) Determine which of them is/are solution(s) of the linear
inequality in two unknowns x  2 y  5 . ____________________
(b) Determine which of them is/are solution(s) of the linear
inequality in two unknowns x  2 y 5 . ____________________
2. Solve the inequality y  6  3 x graphically.
Solution
x 0 1 2 Graphical representation:
Draw the dotted line y 6  3 x .

6  3 x 6  3( ) ( ) ( / 
/)0
∴ The half-plane ( with / without ) the test point (0, 0)

represents the solutions of the inequality.
4
Solve the following inequalities graphically. (3 – 5)

3. x  2 y 4
Solution
x Graphical representation:
y
Draw the solid line x  2 y 4 .
4. x  5 y  15  0
Solution
x Graphical representation:
5. x  4 y  3x  y
Solution Graphical representation:
In each of the following, the shaded region represents the solutions of an inequality. Write down the
5
inequality. (6 – 9)
6. 7.
____________________________ ____________________________
8. 9.
____________________________ ____________________________
10. In the figure, the shaded region represents the

solutions of an inequality.
(a) Write down the inequality.
(b) If an ordered pair (b, –0.5) satisfies the
inequality, where b is an integer, find the
maximum value of b graphically.
Solution
(a)
6
(b)
7
Basic Solving Systems of Linear Inequalities

Worksheet 4.2 in Two Unknowns Graphically NF

Name: _________________________ Class: ___________
Key Points
We can solve a system of linear inequalities in two unknowns graphically  x  y 1
as follows:  e.g. Solve y graphically.
Step 1: Draw the boundaries and use arrows to indicate which half-plane  xstep
 2 y 3
1 step 1
represents the solutions of individual inequalities. x+y=1 x – 2y = 3
Step 2: Shade the overlapping region of above half-planes.
x
0
step 2
Solutions of
x+y1
x – 2y  3
1. In the figure, the two straight lines x – 2y + 3 = 0 and x + y + 3 = 0 divide the coordinate plane
into four different regions.
In each of the following, determine which region(s) represents the solutions. Fill in the blanks
with ‘I’, ‘II’, ‘III’ or ‘IV’.
(a) Regions _____ and _____ represent the

solutions of x  2 y  3 0 .
(b) Regions _____ and _____ represent the

solutions of x  y  3 0 .
(c) Region _____ represents the solutions
x  2 y  3 0
of  .
x  y  3 0
8
In each of the following, shade the region that represents the solutions of the system of inequalities.
(2 – 7)
2.
 x 3 3.
x 3
 
 y  1 x  y  3
4.
y  1  0 5.
x  2 y   1
 
 x 2 y 2 x  4 y  3
6.
4 x  5 y 20 7.
2 x  y  4  0
 
5x  4 y 20 x  y  8  0
9
In each of the following figures, the shaded region represents the solutions of a system of
inequalities. Write down the system of inequalities. (8 – 13)
8. 9.
_______________________________ _____________________________
10. 11.
_______________________________ ______________________________
10
12. 13.
_______________________________ ______________________________
11
Enhanced Solving Systems of Linear Inequalities

Worksheet 4.2 in Two Unknowns Graphically NF

Name: _________________________ Class: ___________
Key Points
We can solve a system of linear inequalities in two unknowns graphically  x  y 1
as follows:  e.g. Solve y graphically.
Step 1: Draw the boundaries and use arrows to indicate which half-plane  xstep
 2 y 3
1 step 1
represents the solutions of individual inequalities. x+y=1 x – 2y = 3
Step 2: Shade the overlapping region of above half-planes.
x
0
step 2
Solutions of
x+y1
x – 2y  3
In each of the following, by adding suitable straight line(s) on the coordinate plane, solve the
system of inequalities graphically. (1 – 2)
1.
y  3 2.
2x  y 0
 
3x  y  6 0  x  y  1 0
 x 2 y
3. Solve the system of inequalities  graphically.
y  x  1
Draw the solid line x 2 y .
x
y
12
Draw the dotted line y x  1 .

x
y
y  x 1
4. Solve the system of inequalities  graphically.
 y   2x 1
5. 6.
x – 2y + 5 = 0
x + 2y = 1 x – 2y = 1
x + 3y = 3
_______________________________ _____________________________
In each of the following, by adding suitable straight line(s) on the coordinate plane, solve the
system of inequalities graphically. (7 – 8)
x  y x  y
7.  8. 
 y  4 x 2 x  4  y
 x  y 6 5 x  2 y 10
 
13
9. 10.
______________________________ ____________________________
11. 12.
____________________________ _____________________________
14
inequalities. Find all possible pairs of values of x and y which satisfy the system of inequalities if x
and y are integers. (13 – 14)
13. 14.
3x + y = 18
x = –1
y=6 y=3
2x – 3y +4 = 0
x + 2y = 9
____________________________ _____________________________
 x  1

15. (a) Solve the system of inequalities  y  1 graphically.
 x  2 y 5

(b) If x and y are integers, find all possible pairs of x and y which satisfy the system of
inequalities in (a).
Solution
(a)
(b)
15
16
Basic
Worksheet 4.3 Linear Programming NF

Name: _________________________ Class: ___________
Key Points
We can solve problems by linear programming as follows:
Step 1: Draw and shade the region that satisfies all the constraints on a coordinate plane.
Step 2: Find the optimum value of the objective function P = ax + by + c by one of the following methods:
Method I: Translate the straight line ax + by = k within the feasible region.
Case 1: If a > 0, translate the line to the right/left to obtain the maximum/minimum value of P.
Case 2: If a < 0, translate the line to the left/right to obtain the maximum/minimum value of P.
Method II: Check the values of P at the vertices of the feasible region.
In each of the following figures, find the maximum and the minimum values of P  x  y if (x, y) is
any point in the shaded region. (1 – 2)
1. Solution
x+y=0
From the graph, P attains its maximum at (___, ___)
∴ Maximum value of P = ( ) + ( ) = ( )
From the graph, P attains its minimum at (___, ___)

∴ Minimum value of P = ( ) + ( ) = ( )
[Hint: Notice that the coefficient of x in the

objective function is larger than 0.]
2. Solution
From the graph,
From the graph,
x+y=0
17
In each of the following figures, find the maximum and the minimum values of P  3 x  2 y if
(x, y) is any point in the shaded region. (3 – 4)
3. Solution
From the graph, P attains its maximum at (___, ___)
∴ Maximum value of P = –3( ) + 2( )
=( )
From the graph, P attains its minimum at (___, ___)

–3x + 2y = 0
∴ Minimum value of P = –3( ) + 2( )
=( )
[Hint: Notice that the coefficient of x in the

objective function is smaller than 0.]
4. Solution
–3x + 2y = 0
In each of the following, (5 – 6)

(a) complete the table,
(b) find the maximum and the minimum values of P  x  y if (x, y) is any point in the
shaded region.
Solution
(a) Point Value of P
A(0, 0) P = ( ) – ( ) = ____
B(___, ___)
C (___, ___)
(b) P attains its maximum at (____, ____)
5. and the maximum value of P = ____.

P attains its minimum at (____, ____)
and the minimum value of P = ____.
18
Solution
(a) Point Value of P
A(___, ___) P = ( ) – ( ) = ____
B(___, ___) P = ( ) – ( ) = ____
C(___, ___) P = ( ) – ( ) = ____
D(___, ___) P = ( ) – ( ) = ____
6. (b)
In each of the following figures, find the maximum value of P = 2x + y if (x, y) is any point given in
the figure. (7 – 8)
7. Solution
Draw the graph of 2x + y = 0.
From the graph, P attains its maximum at
(____, ____).
∴ Maximum value of P
=
8. Solution
Draw the graph of 2x + y = 0.
19
In each of the following, (9 – 10)

(a) draw and shade the region that satisfies the constraints,
(b) find the maximum and the minimum values of P subject to the given constraints.
9. P = –x + 2y 10. P = x + 2y
 y 0  x 7
 
 x  y  1  y x
 x  y 2  x  y 6
 
x+y=6 y=x
x=7
Solution Solution
(b) (b)
20
21
Enhanced
Worksheet 4.3 Linear Programming NF

Name: _________________________ Class: ___________
Key Points
We can solve problems by linear programming as follows:
Step 1: Draw and shade the region that satisfies all the constraints on a coordinate plane.
Step 2: Find the optimum value of the objective function P = ax + by + c by one of the following methods:
Method I: Translate the straight line ax + by = k within the feasible region.
Case 1: If a > 0, translate the line to the right/left to obtain the maximum/minimum value of P.
Case 2: If a < 0, translate the line to the left/right to obtain the maximum/minimum value of P.
Method II: Check the values of P at the vertices of the feasible region.
In each of the following, (x, y) is a point in the shaded region. (1 – 4)

(a) Find the coordinates of the point (x, y) at which P attains its maximum, and the
corresponding maximum value of P.
(b) Find the coordinates of the point (x, y) at which P attains its minimum, and the
corresponding minimum value of P.
1. P = 3x + y 2. P = –x + 3y
3x + y = 0
Solution Solution
(a) From the graph, P attains its maximum (a)
at (____, ____) and the corresponding
value of P = ( )+( )=( )
(b) From the graph, P attains its minimum (b)

at (____, ____) and the corresponding
value of P = ( )+( )=( )
22
3. P 2 x  y  3 4. P  2 x  y  3
Solution Solution
(a) (a)
(b) (b)
In each of the following, if (x, y) is any integral point in the shaded region, find the maximum and
the minimum values of P. (5 – 6)
5. P  3 x  y 6. P 2 x  y
Solution Solution
Represent the feasible solutions by the dots Represent the feasible solutions by the dots
in the figure. in the figure.
23
In each of the following, find the maximum and the minimum values of P subject to the given
constraints. (7 – 9)
7. P = x + 2y + 1
 x 0
 y 0


 x  y 4
 x  3 y 6
Solution
8. P = –3x – y + 8
2  x 8

 y 6
 x  4 y  2

Solution
9. P = 2x – y – 2
 x  4 y 16
 x  y 6


 x 0
 y 0
24
25
Basic
Worksheet 4.4 Applications of Linear Programming NF

Name: _________________________ Class: ___________
Key Points
In general, we can follow the procedure below to solve problems involving maximization or minimization of some
quantities under certain constraints.
Step 1: Identify the unknown quantities and represent them by letters, say x and y.
Step 2: Identify all constraints and express them as inequalities in terms of x and y.
Step 3: Draw and shaded the region that satisfies all the constraints on a coordinate plane.
Step 4: Express the objective function in terms of x and y.
Step 5: Find the maximum (or minimum) value of the objective function subject to the constraints.
1. There are 200 liliums and 150 roses available in a flower stall. The owner of the flower stall
sells the flowers by packing them into flower bunch A and flower bunch B. The following table
shows the numbers of different kinds of flowers in the flower bunches.
Number of liliums Number of roses

Flower bunch A 3 2
Flower bunch B 4 3
Let x and y be the numbers of flower bunches A and B sold respectively. Write down all the
constraints on x and y.
Solution
The constraints are:
____ x  ____ y 200


____ x  ____ y 150

 x and y are _______________________.
2. A firm produces and delivers x machines A and y machines B under the following conditions:
I. Each machine A weighs 4 kg while each machine B weighs 7 kg. The total weight of
the machines cannot exceed 3000 kg.
II. Each machine A requires 2 m3 storage space while each machine B requires 5 m3
storage space. The total storage space available is 1500 m3.
Write down all the constraints on x and y.
26
Solution
The constraints are:
3. Roger helps his mother to buy x apples and y oranges from the market. He must buy at least
2 apples, and the number of oranges should not exceed twice the number of apples. An apple
and an orange weigh 150 g and 200 g respectively. Suppose his bag cannot carry more than
1.5 kg of fruits.
(a) Write down all the constraints on x and y.
(b) Indicate the solutions that satisfy the constraints in (a) on a coordinate plane.
Solution
(a) (b)
27
4. A canteen prepares x L of fruit juice and y L of soya bean milk each day. The amounts of juice
and soya bean milk prepared are subject to the following conditions:
I. The amount of soya bean milk prepared should not exceed 3 times that of fruit juice.
II. The total amount of fruit juice and soya bean milk should be less than or equal to 60 L.
(b) Draw and shade the region that satisfies the constraints in (a) on a coordinate plane.
(c) Suppose all the fruit juice and soya bean milk can be sold out each day, and the profits of
selling each litre of fruit juice and soya bean milk are $10 and $15 respectively. How
many litres of fruit juice and soya bean milk should be produced each day so as to
maximize the profit? What is the maximum profit?
Solution
(a) (b)
(c) Let $P be the profit, then P = _____x + _____y.

From the graph, P attains its maximum at (_____, _____).
∴ Maximum value of P =
∴ The canteen should prepare _____ L of fruit juice and _____ L of soya bean milk to
attain a maximum profit of $_____.
28
5. Mary buys x milk chocolate bars and y dark chocolate bars to make cups of dessert with two
flavours. The amounts of chocolate bars prepared are subject to the following conditions.
I. Each milk chocolate bar can make 3 cups of dessert while each dark chocolate bar can
make 2 cups of dessert. At least 20 cups of dessert has to be prepared.
II. The number of milk chocolate bars cannot exceed that of dark chocolate bars.
(c) Suppose each milk chocolate bar costs $9 and each dark chocolate bar costs $12. How
many milk chocolate bars and dark chocolate bars should Mary buy in order to minimize
the total cost? What is the minimum total cost?
Solution
(a) (b)
(c) Let $C be the cost, then C = _____x + _____y.

From the graph, C attains its minimum at (_____, _____).
∴ Minimum value of C =
29
Enhanced
Worksheet 4.4 Applications of Linear Programming NF

Name: _________________________ Class: ___________
Key Points
In general, we can follow the procedure below to solve problems involving maximization or minimization of some
quantities under certain constraints.
Step 1: Identify the unknown quantities and represent them by letters, say x and y.
Step 2: Identify all constraints and express them as inequalities in terms of x and y.
Step 3: Draw and shaded the region that satisfies all the constraints on a coordinate plane.
Step 4: Express the objective function in terms of x and y.
Step 5: Find the maximum (or minimum) value of the objective function subject to the constraints.
1. A printing company produces birthday cards and wedding cards under the following
conditions:
I. There is a daily demand of at least 10 packs but no more than 20 packs of birthday
cards, and at least 8 packs but no more than 17 packs of wedding cards.
II. To satisfy a shipping contract, a total of at least 20 packs of cards must be shipped each
day.
Suppose x packs of birthday cards and y packs of wedding cards are printed each day.
Solution
(a) The constraints are: (b)






 x and y are __________________ .
30
2. A manufacturer produces two types of watches A and B under the following conditions:
I. Each watch of type A requires 30 working hours, while each watch of type B requires
60 working hours. The labour force in the factory can provide at most 480 working
hours per week.
II. According to an agreement made with the client, at least 9 watches have to be produced
in a week and at least 4 must be of type B.
Let x and y be the numbers of watches of type A and type B produced per week respectively.
(c) It is given that the profits from selling each watch of type A and each watch of type B are
$600 and $1500 respectively. Find the number of each type of watches to be produced
per week so as to maximize the profit. What is the maximum profit?
(Assume all watches can be sold.)
Solution
(a) (b)
(c) Let $P be the profit, then P = _____x + _____y.

From the graph, P attains its maximum at (_____, _____).
∴ Maximum value of P =
31
3. A manufacturer makes a bag of dog food with x kg of chicken and y kg of grain. The compositions,
per kg, of chicken and grain are shown in the table below.
Protein Fat
Chicken 10 units 5 units
Grain 2 units 2 units
A bag of dog food must contain at least 20 units of protein and at least 15 units of fat.
(b) Draw and shade the region that satisfies the constraints in (a) on a coordinate plane.
(c) 1 kg of chicken costs $40 and 1 kg of grain costs $10. How many kilograms of chicken
and grain should be used to make each bag of dog food in order to minimize the cost?
What is the minimum cost?
Solution
(a) (b)
(c)
32
4. A charity organization plans to build a youth campsite with x 4-person rooms and y 8-person
rooms. The campsite should be built to fulfill the following constraints:
I. The campsite should accommodate at least 80 people.

II. Each 4-person room occupies a floor area of 12 m2 while each 8-person room occupies
a floor area of 18 m2. The total available floor area for the rooms is 420 m2.
III. The number of 8-person rooms should not be greater than the number of 4-person
rooms.

(c) If the profits of renting a 4-person room and a 8-person room are $150 and $250 per day
respectively, how many 4-person rooms and 8-person rooms should be built in the youth
campsite so that the total profit is maximized. What is the maximum profit for renting
all the rooms available in the campsite per day?
Solution
(a) (b)
(c)
33
Answers
4 Linear Programming
x  2  x 0
Basic Worksheet 4.1  
 y  1  y 0
9. 10.
1. (a)  (b)  (c) 
(d)  (e)  (f)   y 2 x  3 2 x  5 y 10 0
 
2. (a)  (b)  (c) 
3. (a)  (b)  (c) 
4. (a)  (b)  (c) 
y   4 x  y  2  0
11.  12.  x  y  4 0
5. (a)  (b)  (c)   x  y  1 
 x  4 y  8 0
13. y < x + 3 14. y  2x – 1 2 x  y  0 
15. x – 2y > 3 
13. (0, 5), (1, 5), (2, 5), (3, 5), (4, 5), (2, 4), (3, 4), (4, 4) and
Enhanced Worksheet 4.1
1. (a) (0, –3) and (–1, –4) (4, 3)
(b) (0, 0), (4, 0) and (7, 1) 14. (0, 3), (1, 3), (2, 3), (0, 2) and (1, 2)
6. y  2 x  4 7. 4 x  y 0 15. (b) (–1, 2), (–1, 3), (0, 2) and (1, 2)
8. 2x  y  5  0 9. 3 x  2 y  5 0
10. (a) x  3 y  3 0 (b) 4 Basic Worksheet 4.3

1. max. = 7, min. = –6 2. max. = 4, min. = 0
Basic Worksheet 4.2 3. max. = 2, min. = –8 4. max. = 1, min. = –14.5
1. (a) Regions III and IV 5. (a) Point Value of P

A(0, 0) P=0–0=0
(b) Regions I and IV B(0, 5) P = 0 – 5 = –5
(c) Region IV C(2, 4) P = 2 – 4 = –2
(b) max. = 0, min. = –5
x   2  y 5 6. (a) Point Value of P

A(–1, 4) P = –1 – 4 = –5
8. 9.
  B(3, 0) P=3–0=3
 y  4  y x C(8, 0)
D(8, 4)
P=8–0=8
P=8–4=4
(b) max. = 8, min. = –5
 1 7. 12 8. –1
y   x 3
x   3  2 9. (b) max. = 2.5, min. = –2
10. 11.
  10. (b) max. = 21, min. = 5
2 x  y 3 y 1 x  3
 2 Enhanced Worksheet 4.3
1. (a) (6, 2) , 20 (b) (–4, 2), –10
x  y  4 2 x  y 2 2.
3.
(a) (4, 4), 8
(a) (4, 0), 11
(b) (6, 0), –6
(b) (–2, 0) , –1
12. 13.
 
x  y   2  x  2 y  2
4. (a) (–1, –2), –3 (b) (2, –2) , –9
5. max. = 8, min. = –15 6. max. = 7, min. = –5
7. max. = 6, min. = 1 8. max. = 1, min. = –22
Enhanced Worksheet 4.2 9. max. = 12, min. = –6
 x  2 y 1 x  2 y  5  0 Basic Worksheet 4.4

5. 6.
 
x  2 y  1  x  3 y 3
28
(c) 15 L of fruit juice and 45 L of soya bean milk;

3x  4 y 200 max. profit = $825
1. 
2 x  3 y 150 3x  2 y 20
 x and y are non - negative integers. 5. (a) 
 x  y
4 x  7 y 3000  x and y are non - negative integers.
 
2.
2 x  5 y 1500 (c) 4 milk chocolate bars and 4 dark chocolate bars;
min. cost = $84
 x and y are non - negative integers.

 x 2
 y 2 x
 10  x 20
3. (a) 
 8  y 17
3x  4 y 30 1. (a)

 x and y are non - negative integers.  x  y 20
 x and y are non - negative integers.
 y 3x
  x  2 y 16
4. (a)  x  y 60
 
 x 0 2. (a)  x  y 9

 y 0  y 4
(c) 2 watches of type A and 7 watches of type B;

max. profit = $11 700
5 x  y 10

3. (a) 5 x  2 y 15

 x 0
 y 0
(c) 1 kg of chicken and 5 kg of grain; min. cost = $90
 x  2 y 20

4. (a) 2 x  3 y 70

 y x
(c) 14 4-person rooms and 14 8-person rooms;

max. daily profit =$5600
29
30
Solutions
4 Linear Programming 13. Choose a point in the shaded region, say (0, 0).
Basic Worksheet 4.1 x  3 0  3 3
y 0
1. (a)  (b)  (c) 
∴ y  x 3
(d)  (e)  (f)  ∴ The required inequality is y < x + 3.
2. (a)  (b)  (c)  14. y  2x – 1 15. x – 2y > 3
3. (a)  (b)  (c)  Enhanced Worksheet 4.1

1. (a) (0, –3) and (–1, –4)
4. (a)  (b)  (c)  (b) (0, 0), (4, 0) and (7, 1)
5. (a)  (b)  (c)  2. x 0 1 2
y 6 3 0
6. When x = 0 and y = 0,
Draw the dotted line y 6  3 x .
x  2 y 0  2(0)
When x 0 and y 0 ,
0
3 6  3x 6  3(0) 6 / 0
∴ The half-plane with the test point (0, 0) represents the ∴ The half-plane without the test point (0, 0) represents
solutions of the inequality. the solutions of the inequality.
Graphical representation:
3. x 0 2 4
y 2 1 0
Draw the solid line x  2 y 4 .
7. 8.
x  2 y 0  2(0) 0 4
∴ The half-plane with the test point (0, 0) together with
the boundary represents the solutions of the
inequality.
9. 10.
11. 12.
31
(b) Regions I and IV represent the solutions of

4. x 0 2.5 5 x  y  3 0 .
y –3 –2.5 –2
Draw the dotted line x  5 y  15 0 .
x  5 y  15 0  5(0)  15  15  0
∴ The half-plane with the test point (0, 0) represents the
solutions of the inequality.
x  4 y  3x  y
4 y  y  3x  x
5.
5 y  2x
2
y x
5
x –2.5 0 2.5
y –1 0 1
2
Draw the dotted line y  x.
5
2 2 2
x  (1)  / 0
5 5 5
∴ The half-plane without the test point (1, 0) represents
the solutions of the inequality.
6. y  2 x  4 7. 4 x  y 0
8. 2x  y  5  0 9. 3 x  2 y  5 0
10. (a) x  3 y  3 0
(b) From the graph, when y = –0.5, the maximum integral

value of x satisfying the inequality is 4.
∴ The maximum value of b is 4.
Basic Worksheet 4.2

1. (a) Regions III and IV represent the solutions of
x  2 y  3 0 .
32
 x  2 y  3 0 x  y  4  2 x  y 2
(c) Region IV represents the solutions of . 12. 13.
  
 x  y  3 0 x  y   2  x  2 y  2
2. 3.
1. 2.
3. Draw the solid line x 2 y .

x –2 0 2
y –1 0 1
Draw the dotted line y x  1 .
x –2 0 2
y –3 –1 1
4. 5.
y=x–1
x = 2y
4. Draw the dotted line y x  1 .

x 0 1 2
y 1 2 3
Draw the dotted line y  2 x  1 .
x –1 0 1
y 3 1 –1
y = –2x + 1 y=x+1
6. 7.
x   2  y 5
8. 9.
 
 y  4  y x  x  2 y 1 x  2 y  5  0
5. 6.
 

y  
1
x 3 x  2 y  1  x  3 y 3
x   3  2
10. 11.
 
2 x  y 3 y 1 x  3
 2
7. 8.
33
x  2

 y  1
9. 10.
 y 2 x  3

 x 0 ∴ The required possible pairs are (–1, 2), (–1, 3),
 (0, 2) and (1, 2).
 y 0
2 x  5 y 10 0 Basic Worksheet 4.3
 1. From the graph, P attains its maximum at (4, 3).
∴ Maximum value of P = 4 + 3 = 7
From the graph, P attains its minimum at (–3, –3).
∴ Minimum value of P = (–3) + (–3) =  6
y   4 x  y  2  0
11.  12.  x  y  4 0 2. From the graph, P attains its maximum at (3, 1).
 x  y  1 
 x  4 y  8 0 ∴ Maximum value of P = 3 + 1 = 4
2 x  y  0  From the graph, P attains its minimum at (0, 0).
 ∴ Minimum value of P = 0 + 0 = 0
13. (0, 5), (1, 5), (2, 5), (3, 5), (4, 5), (2, 4), (3, 4), (4, 4) and 3. From the graph, P attains its maximum at (2, 4).
(4, 3) ∴ Maximum value of P = –3(2) + 2(4) = 2
From the graph, P attains its minimum at (4, 2).
14. (0, 3), (1, 3), (2, 3), (0, 2) and (1, 2)
∴ Minimum value of P = –3(4) + 2(2) =  8
4. From the graph, P attains its maximum at (1, 2).

∴ Maximum value of P = –3(1) + 2(2) = 1
From the graph, P attains its minimum at (4.5, –0.5).
∴ Minimum value of P = –3(4.5) + 2(–0.5) =  14.5
5. (a) Point Value of P

15. (a)
A(0, 0) P=0–0=0
B(0, 5) P = 0 – 5 = –5
(b) Since x and y are integers, the required possible pairs C(2, 4) P = 2 – 4 = –2
are represented by the dots in the figure below.
(b) P attains its maximum at (0, 0) and the maximum value
of P = 0.
P attains its minimum at (0, 5) and the minimum value of
P = –5.
6. (a) Point Value of P

A(–1, 4) P = –1 – 4 = –5
B(3, 0) P=3–0=3
C(8, 0) P=8–0=8
D(8, 4) P=8–4=4
(b) P attains its maximum at (8, 0) and the maximum value

of P = 8.
P attains its minimum at (–1, 4) and the minimum value
of P = –5.
34
10. (a)
7.
Draw the graph of 2 x  y  0 . (b)

From the graph, P attains its maximum at (4, 4).
Maximum value of P
= 2(4) + 4 = 12
x + 2y = 0
8. Draw the graph of x  2 y  0 .
Draw the graph of 2 x  y  0 . Maximum value of P
From the graph, P attains its maximum at (0, –1).  7  2( 7 )
Maximum value of P  21
= 2(0) + (–1) =  1 From the graph, P attains its minimum at (7, –1).
Minimum value of P
 7  2(  1)
5

1. (a) From the graph, P attains its maximum at (6, 2) and the
corresponding value of P = 3(6) + 2 = 20
9. (a) (b) From the graph, P attains its minimum at (–4, 2) and the
corresponding value of P = 3(–4) + 2 =  10
(b) 2.
–x + 2y =0
–x + 3y = 0
(a) From the graph, P attains its maximum at (4, 4) and the
Draw the graph of  x  2 y 0 . corresponding value of P = –4 + 3(4) = 8
From the graph, P attains its maximum at (0.5, 1.5). (b) From the graph, P attains its minimum at (6, 0) and the
Maximum value of P
corresponding value of P = –6 + 3(0) =  6
  0.5  2(1.5)
 2. 5
Minimum value of P
  2  2( 0)
 2
35
3. (a) From the graph, P attains its maximum at (4, 0) and the
corresponding value of P = 2(4) + 0 + 3 = 11
2x + y + 3 =0 (b) From the graph, P attains its minimum at (–2, 0) and the
corresponding value of P = 2(–2) + 0 + 3 =  1
4.
–2x + y – 3 = 0
(a) From the graph, P attains its maximum at (–1, –2) and
the corresponding value of P = –2(–1) + (–2) – 3 =  3
(b) From the graph, P attains its minimum at (2, –2) and
the corresponding value of P = –2(2) + (–2) – 3 =  9
5. Represent the feasible solutions by the dots in the figure.
–3x + y = 0

Maximum value of P = –3(0) + 8 = 8
Minimum value of P = –3(5) + 0 =  15
6. Represent the feasible solutions by the dots in the figure.
2x + y = 0
From the graph, P attains its maximum at (3,1).

Maximum value of P = 2(3) + 1 = 7
From the graph, P attains its minimum at (–2, –1).
Minimum value of P = 2(–2) + (–1) =  5
36
7.
3x  4 y 200

2 x  3 y 150

2. The constraints are:
4 x  7 y 3000

x + 2y + 1 = 0
2 x  5 y 1500
Maximum value of P = 3 + 2(1) + 1 = 6

Minimum value of P = 0 + 2(0) + 1 = 1
8.
–3x – y + 8 =0 x=2
x=8
y=6
x – 4y = –2

Maximum value of P = –3(2) – 1 + 8 = 1
Minimum value of P = –3(8) – 6 + 8 =  22
9.
2x – y – 2 =0

Maximum value of P = 2(8) – 2 – 2 = 12
Minimum value of P = 2(0) – 4 – 2 =  6
Basic Worksheet 4.4

1. The constraints are:
37
3. (a) The constraints are:
 x 2 3x  2 y 20

 y 2 x
 x  y
  x and y are non - negative integers.
150 x  200 y 1500 
(b)
 x 2
 y 2 x x=y

i.e. 
3x  4 y 30 3x + 2y = 20
9x + 12y = 0
(c) Let $C be the cost, then C = 9x + 12y.

From the graph, C attains its minimum at (4, 4).
∴ Minimum value of C 9( 4)  12( 4)
84
∴ 4 milk chocolate bars and 4 dark chocolate bars
(b) should be bought in order to attain a minimum total
cost of $84.
4. (a) The constraints are: Enhanced Worksheet 4.4

 y 3x 1. (a) The constraints are:
 10  x 20
 x  y 60
 
 x 0 8  y 17

 y 0  x  y 20
(b)
(b)
(c) Let $P be the profit, then P = 10x + 15y.

From the graph, P attains its maximum at (15, 45). 2. (a) The constraints are:
∴ Maximum value of P = 10(15) + 15(45)
= 825
∴ The canteen should prepare 15 L of fruit juice
and 45 L of soya bean milk to attain a maximum
profit of $825.
5. (a) The constraints are:
38
30 x  60 y 480 5 x  y 10

 
 x  y 9 5 x  2 y 15
 i.e. 
 y 4  x 0
 x and y are non - negative integers.  y 0
 x  2 y 16 (b)

 x  y 9
i.e. 
 y 4 5x + y = 10
5x + 2y = 15
40x + 10y = 0
(c) Let $C be the cost, then C 40 x  10 y .

(b) From the graph, C attains its minimum at (1, 5).
∴ Minimum value of C 40(1)  10(5)
x+y=9 90
∴ 1 kg of chicken and 5 kg of grain should be used
x + 2y = 16 to make each bag of dog food in order to attain a
minimum cost of $90.
y=4 4. (a) The constraints are:
4 x  8 y 80

12 x  18 y 420
600x + 1500y = 0 
 y x
(c) Let $P be the profit, then P = 600x + 1500y.  x and y are non - negative integers.
∴ Maximum value of P 600( 2)  1500(7 ) i.e.
11 700  x  2 y 20
∴ 2 watches of type A and 7 watches of type B should

be produced per week so as to attain a maximum
profit of $11 700.
2 x  3 y 70

3. (a) The constraints are:  y x
10 x  2 y 20  x and y are non - negative integers.

5 x  2 y 15

 x 0
 y 0
39
(b)
(c) Let $P be the profit, then P = 150x + 250y.

∴ Maximum value of P = 150(14) + 250(14)
= 5600
∴ 14 4-person rooms and 14 8-person rooms should
be built to attain a maximum daily profit of
$5600.
40

Worksheet 4.1: Linear Inequalities in Two Unknowns

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Worksheet 4.1: Linear Inequalities in Two Unknowns

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)

5A Section Worksheets 4 Linear Programming

(Refer to Book 5A Ch4 p. 4.5 – 4.13)

6. Shade the half-plane that represents the solutions of

11. 2x + y  4 12. 4x – 3y > –12

13. Write down an inequality whose solutions are represented

(Refer to Book 5A Ch4 p. 4.5 – 4.13)

1. Consider the ordered pairs:

Draw the dotted line y 6  3 x .

∴ The half-plane ( with / without ) the test point (0, 0)

Solve the following inequalities graphically. (3 – 5)

Draw the solid line x  2 y 4 .

Solution Graphical representation:

10. In the figure, the shaded region represents the

Basic Solving Systems of Linear Inequalities

(Refer to Book 5A Ch4 p. 4.13 – 4.21)

(a) Regions _____ and _____ represent the

(b) Regions _____ and _____ represent the

(c) Region _____ represents the solutions

Enhanced Solving Systems of Linear Inequalities

(Refer to Book 5A Ch4 p. 4.13 – 4.21)

Draw the dotted line y x  1 .

(Refer to Book 5A Ch4 p. 4.21 – 4.35)

From the graph, P attains its minimum at (___, ___)

[Hint: Notice that the coefficient of x in the

From the graph,

From the graph, P attains its minimum at (___, ___)

[Hint: Notice that the coefficient of x in the

In each of the following, (5 – 6)

(b) P attains its maximum at (____, ____)

5. and the maximum value of P = ____.

In each of the following, (9 – 10)

(Refer to Book 5A Ch4 p. 4.21 – 4.35)

In each of the following, (x, y) is a point in the shaded region. (1 – 4)

(b) From the graph, P attains its minimum (b)

(Refer to Book 5A Ch4 p. 4.35 – 4.49)

Number of liliums Number of roses

____ x  ____ y 200

(c) Let $P be the profit, then P = _____x + _____y.

(c) Let $C be the cost, then C = _____x + _____y.

(Refer to Book 5A Ch4 p. 4.35 – 4.49)

(c) Let $P be the profit, then P = _____x + _____y.

I. The campsite should accommodate at least 80 people.

(a) Write down all the constraints on x and y.

6. y  2 x  4 7. 4 x  y 0 15. (b) (–1, 2), (–1, 3), (0, 2) and (1, 2)

10. (a) x  3 y  3 0 (b) 4 Basic Worksheet 4.3

1. (a) Regions III and IV 5. (a) Point Value of P

x   2  y 5 6. (a) Point Value of P

 x  2 y 1 x  2 y  5  0 Basic Worksheet 4.4

(c) 15 L of fruit juice and 45 L of soya bean milk;

(c) 2 watches of type A and 7 watches of type B;

(c) 1 kg of chicken and 5 kg of grain; min. cost = $90

(c) 14 4-person rooms and 14 8-person rooms;

2. (a)  (b)  (c)  14. y  2x – 1 15. x – 2y > 3

3. (a)  (b)  (c)  Enhanced Worksheet 4.1

(b) Regions I and IV represent the solutions of

(b) From the graph, when y = –0.5, the maximum integral

Basic Worksheet 4.2

3. Draw the solid line x 2 y .

4. Draw the dotted line y x  1 .

4. From the graph, P attains its maximum at (1, 2).

5. (a) Point Value of P

6. (a) Point Value of P

(a) Regions _ and _ represent the

(b) Regions _ and _ represent the

From the graph, P attains its minimum at (_, _)

From the graph, P attains its minimum at (_, _)

(b) P attains its maximum at (, )

 x  y 200

(c) Let $P be the profit, then P = _x + _y.

(c) Let $C be the cost, then C = _x + _y.

(c) Let $P be the profit, then P = _x + _y.