NSS Mathematics in Action - 4B06

6 Exponential Functions
7.
Review Exercise 6 (p. 6.5)
1.
8.
2.
9.
3.
10.
11.
4.
12.
5.
13. (a)
6.
(b)
1
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4B Full Solutions
2. Yes, (0, 1)
14. (a)
3. (a) (i) No (ii) Yes
(b) (i) increases (ii) 0
Classwork
(b)
Classwork (p. 6.8)
1. 2.
3. 4.
Classwork (p. 6.10)

1. (a)  (b) 
(c)  (d) 
15. (a)
2. (a)
(b)
(b)
(c)
Activity
Warm-Up Activity (p. 6.6)

1. (a) 5, –5 (b) 3, –3
(c) 4 3. (a)
2. no
Activity 6.1 (p. 6.21)

1. y = 2x
x –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 (b)
y 0.3 0.5 1 2 4 8 16
y = 3x
x –2 –1 0 1 2 3
y 0.1 0.3 1 3 9 27
(c)
Classwork (p. 6.12)

1. 2.
3. 4.
Classwork (p. 6.24)

1.  2.  3. 
4.  5. 
Quick Practice
2
Quick Practice 6.1 (p. 6.7)

(a) ∵
∴
(c)
(b) ∵
∴
(c) ∵
(a)
(b) (a)
(c)
(b)
(a)
(b) Quick Practice 6.5 (p. 6.17)
3
(a) (i)
From the graph, when , .
(ii)

∴
∴
(b) From the graph, when , .

∴ The solution of is .
(a) Further Practice
Further Practice (p. 6.14)
1. (a)
(b)
(b)
(a) The required number of words that Jason can remember
2. (a)
(b) Number of words that Jason can remember after studying
for 6 minutes
The required percentage increase
(b)
∴ The percentage increase in the number of words

that Jason can remember in the 6th minute exceeds
12%.
4
(b)
3. (a)
2. (a)
From (1),
∴
From (2),
(3) – (4):
(b)
By substituting into (3), we have
(b)
From (1),
From (2),
∴
(c)
(3) + (4):

1. (a)
1. (a) (b) (0, 1)
(c)
2. (a) (i) From the graph, when , .

(ii)
∴
(b) Number of households with a computer at the
5
beginning of 2017 ∴
11.
∴ There will be more than 10 thousand
households with a computer at the beginning
of 2017.
12.
Exercise
Exercise 6A (p. 6.14) 13.

Level 1
1.
14.
2.
15.
3.
4.
16.
5.
17.
6.
7.
8. ∵
18.
∴
9. ∵
10. ∵
6
19.
24.
20.
25.
21.
22.
26.
23.
27.
7
28. 33.
29.
34.
Level 2
30.
35.
31.
32.
36.
8
37.
42.
38.
43.
39.
44. (a)
40.
(b) (i) Unless , otherwise is undefined.

∴ and
∵
∴ (By (a))
41. ∴ Two possible values of x are 2 and 3.
(or any other reasonable answers)
(ii) Unless , otherwise is undefined.
∴ and
∵
9
(b)
∴
∴ (By (a))
∴
∴ Two possible values of y are and .
(or any other reasonable answers) 49. (a)
45.
(b)
46.
47. 50.
48. (a)
10
51. 2.
3.
52.
4.
5.
53. (a)
6.
∴
(b) ∵ p and q are non-negative integers.

∴ The possible values for p and q are
‘ ’ or ‘ ’ or ∴
‘ ’. (any two pairs)
Exercise 6B (p. 6.18)
Level 1 7.
1.
11
8. 14.
9.
∴
Level 2
15.
∴
10.
16.
11.
17.
∴
12.
18.
13.
12
19.
22.
20.
23.
From (1),
∴
∴
From (2),
21.
By substituting (4) into (3), we have
∴ By substituting y  2 into (4), we have
24.
From (1),
From (2),
13
(c)
∴
(4) – (3):
(d)
By substituting x = 1 into (3), we have
2. (a)
25.
(b)
∴ and
(c)
∴
∴
(d)
26.
3.
∴
∴ 4. (a)
∴
∴
27. ∵ and
∴ satisfy the equation. (b)
∴ Peter’s claim is agreed.
Exercise 6C (p. 6.27)

Level 1
1. (a)
5. Price of each hamburger
(b)
6. (a) Number of students absent on the 3rd day
14
(b) Increase in the number of students absent
7. (a) Original number of rabbits in the pet shop
12.
(b) Number of rabbits in the shop after 8 weeks
∴ There will be more than 100 rabbits in the

shop after 8 weeks.
8. (a) Weight of the substance after 200 days of decay
(a) (i) From the graph, when x  1.4, y  7.0.

(b) Since for all real values
∴
of t, the weight of the radioactive substance will not
reduce to 0 mg.
(ii)
9.
From the graph, when x  1.8, y  12.0.
∴
(iii)
From the graph, when x  .2, y  21.0.

∴
13.
10.
11. (a) (0, 1)
(b)
(a) (i) From the graph, when , .
15
(ii)
From the graph, when , (ii)

.
(iii)
(b)
15.
Level 2
14. (a) (i)
16. (a)
16
∴
(b)
(b) Number of bacteria in the test tube after 1 day
21. (a) Number of cakes sold per day with $5500 spent on
advertising
17. (a) When t  0, L = 4.

(b) Number of cakes sold per day with $10 000 spent on
advertising
 500(1.03)10
Total profit  $50 × 500(1.03)10
$33 597.9
(b) Blood glucose level 1.5 hours after the injection
> $10 000
∴ The spending is wise since the profit is greater
than the advertising expense.
22. (a)
∴ The patient’s blood glucose will be restored to
the normal level 1.5 hours after the injection.
18. (a) ∵ Jennifer receives $1081.6 after 2 years.
(b) Interest she will receive in the 3rd year
(i)
19. (a)
From the graph, when ,
(b) Value of the car after 5 years .
∴
The required percentage decrease
(ii)
∴ The percentage decrease in the value of the

car after 5 years will be more than 40%.
20. (a) When t = 0, N = 1000.
∴
∴
When t = 1, N = 1440.
17
(b)
(b) (i)
From the graph, when .
∴ The solution of is x = –2.7.
(ii)
∵ The graph of for all real

(i) values of x.
∴ has no real solutions.
24. (a) (i) From the graph, when t = 0, N = 200.

∴ Initial number of bacteria 
(ii) From the graph, when , t  3.5.
From the graph, when y = , x = –1.8. ∴ Time required 
(b) ∵ for all real values of t.

∴ The solution of is x = –
∴
1.8. ∴ The number of bacteria in the beaker will not
exceed 2000.
∴ Peter’s claim is disagreed.
(ii)
25. (a) (i) From the graph,
when t = 0, ,
when t = 5, .
(ii) When t = 0, .
∴ The solution of is (b) The value of the mobile phone after 1 year
26. (a) (i) From the graph, when , .

23. (a) (i) x –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2
∴ The value of the savings fund at the
y 7.7 4.6 2.8 1.7 1 0.6 0.4 beginning of 2014 is 10 thousand dollars.
(ii) From the graph, when , .
∴ The value of the savings fund at the
(ii) beginning of 2015 is 10.5 thousand dollars.
(b) When , .
(b)(i)
When , .
(c) The value of the savings fund at the beginning of

2024
∴ Percentage change in the value of the savings
18
fund
(b)
Check Yourself (p. 6.35)

1. (a)  (b) 
(c)  (d)  ∴
(e) 
2. (a) (0, 1) (b) x (c)

(c) (d) y
3. (a) ∵
∴
∴
(b)
Revision Exercise 6 (p. 6.36)
Level 1
1. ∵
∴
(c)
2. ∵
∴
4. (a)
3.
(b)
4.
(c)
5.
5. (a)
6.
19
11.
7.
8.
12.
13.
9.
14.
10.
15.
20
21.
16.
17.
∴ 22.
18.
23. (a)
19.
(b)
20.
(c)
∴ 24. (a)
21
(b) 29.
25. (a) 30. (a)
(a)(ii)
(a)(i)
(b)
(i) From the graph, when x  0.5, y  1.2.
∴
∴
26. The body surface area of the person

 0.096 (660.7) m2 (ii)
 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
27. (a) The amount of drug intake  25(0.85)0 mg

 25(1) mg From the graph, when , y = 0.5.

(b) Percentage of drug left after 4 hours ∴
(b)
28. (a)
(b) Amount received by Mr Chan after 3 years

 $25 000(1.02)2×3
 (cor. to the nearest $1)
(i) From the graph, when , x  –1.7.
∴ The solution of is x  –1.7.
22
(c)
(ii)
From the graph, when , x 2.7.
∴ The solution of is x 2.7.
(i)
31. (a) (i) x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 From the graph, when , .

y 0.1 0.2 0.5 1 2.2 4.8 10.6
∴ The solution of is x 
(ii)
2.3.
(ii)
∴ The solution of is
(b) 32. Consider a > 1.
When x > 0, ax > 1 and
When x = 0, ax = 1 and
When x < 0, ax < 1 and

∴
∴ It is obvious that the graphs of y = ax and y = a–2x do
not intersect except at the point P(0, 1).
∴ The two graphs intersect at only one point P(0, 1).
Level 2
33.
23
34.
39.
35.
∴
40.
36.
41.
42.
37.
43.
38.
24
44.
∴ From (2),
Let p  12s , where s is a non-zero real number,
then q  4s and r  3s.
(3) × 3 + (4) × 2:
(a)
By substituting a = 3 into (3), we have
∵ and
∴ and
(b) and
47.
45.
From (1),
∴
∴
From (2), 48.
(3) + (4) × 2:
46.
Let and .
From (1),
49. (a) By substituting b  1.36 and m  64 into
25
52.
, we have
(b) Weight of Mary’s brain
50. (a) When t  2, V  4418.
(a) (i)
From the graph, when , x  3.3.
∴ The solution of is x  3.3.

(b) Volume of water running out of the tank in the
5th minute


< 250 cm3 (ii)
∴ Peter’s claim is disagreed.
51. (a) When , .
When , .
By substituting into (1), we have From the graph, when , .
∴ The solution of is
.
(b) The required increase in the number of people
(b) (i)
(c) The required percentage increase
∵ The graph of for all real

values of x.
∴ has no real
solutions.
26
55.
(ii)

∴ The solution of
is .
53. (a) ∵ The graph passes through (0, 2).

∴ By substituting (0, 2) into , we have
(a) (i) From the graph, when x  28, y  2.0.
∴ The required percentage of sunlight intensity
∵ The graph passes through (1, 6). 
∴ By substituting (1, 6) and k = 2 into , (ii) From the graph, when y  5, x  17.
we have ∴ The corresponding depth 
(b) (i) The rate of change in percentage of sunlight

intensity decreases as the depth below sea level
increases.
(ii) When x = 100,
(b)
∴ The percentage of sunlight intensity will

be less than 1% at a depth of 100 m below
sea level.
Alternative Solution
From the graph, when x  50, y  0.3 < 1.
When x increases from 50 to 100, y will
∴ decrease. As a result, y will remain less than 1.
Therefore, the percentage of sunlight intensity
will be less than 1% at a depth of 100 m below
54. (a) When , and . sea level.
∴ and Multiple Choice Questions (p. 6.41)
1. Answer : B
(b) (i) From the graph, when ,

and
(ii) When x = 1, and .
∴ and 2. Answer : B
(c) From the graph, the population of the salmon will

exceed that of tuna after 3 years, i.e. starting from
the beginning of 2017.
3. Answer : A
27
7. Answer : D
8. Answer : D
4. Answer : C
9. Answer : D
When t  681,
5. Answer : A
∴ 10. Answer : A
When x = 0,
6. Answer : B ∴ The coordinates of A is .
11. Answer : C
The graph of I may be the graph of , where
The graph of II may be the graph of , where
∵ The graph of always lies above the x-axis.

∴ The graph of III cannot be the graph of .
28
∴ The answer is C.
12. Answer : A
For I, the two graphs intersect at one point (0, 1) only.
∴ I is true.
For II, as x increases, the rate of decrease of
becomes smaller.
∴ II is false.
For III, the graphs of and show ∴

reflectional symmetry with each other about the y-axis.
∴ III is false.
∴ The answer is A.
HKMO (p. 6.43) 4.
1.
2.
Exam Focus
Exam-type Questions (p. 6.45)

1. Answer : D
For I:
From the graph, we have
.
∴
3.
i.e.
∴ I must be true.
For II:
Consider the values of when x = 1.
From the graph, we have
29
∴ II must be true. Investigation Corner (p. 6.47)

For III:
From the graph, we can see that all the three graphs 1. (a) For k > 1 and b > a,
always lie above the x-axis, i.e. they do not intersect the
x-axis.
∴ III must be true.
2. Answer :A
∴
(b) For
3. Answer :C
2. (a) , , , , ,
4. Answer :B
(b)
∴
From 1(a),
5. Answer :B
∴
From 1(a),
∴
From 1(a),
Consider , and .
From 1(b),
6. Answer :B From 1(b),
When x = 0, . ∵
∴
∴ The graph passes through (0, 1).
∴ C and D must not be the required graph.
∵
∴ 3.
∵ When , the value of y decreases as x ∴
increases and the graph always lies above the x-axis. ∴

∴ The answer is B.
30
∴
∴
∴
∴
Consider , and .
31

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6 Exponential Functions

Classwork (p. 6.10)

Warm-Up Activity (p. 6.6)

Activity 6.1 (p. 6.21)

Classwork (p. 6.12)

Classwork (p. 6.24)

Quick Practice 6.1 (p. 6.7)

Quick Practice 6.2 (p. 6.11)

(b) Quick Practice 6.5 (p. 6.17)

From the graph, when , .

(b) From the graph, when , .

(a) Further Practice

Further Practice (p. 6.14)

The required percentage increase

∴ The percentage increase in the number of words

Quick Practice 6.9 (p. 6.26)

By substituting into (3), we have

By substituting into (3), we have

Further Practice (p. 6.27)

2. (a) (i) From the graph, when , .

(b) Number of households with a computer at the

households with a computer at the beginning

Exercise 6A (p. 6.14) 13.

(b) (i) Unless , otherwise is undefined.

(or any other reasonable answers) 49. (a)

(b) ∵ p and q are non-negative integers.

By substituting (4) into (3), we have

∴ By substituting y  2 into (4), we have

Exercise 6C (p. 6.27)

5. Price of each hamburger

6. (a) Number of students absent on the 3rd day

(b) Increase in the number of students absent

7. (a) Original number of rabbits in the pet shop

(b) Number of rabbits in the shop after 8 weeks

∴ There will be more than 100 rabbits in the

8. (a) Weight of the substance after 200 days of decay

(a) (i) From the graph, when x  1.4, y  7.0.

From the graph, when x  .2, y  21.0.

(b) From the graph, when , .

11. (a) (0, 1)

(a) (i) From the graph, when , .

From the graph, when , (ii)

From the graph, when , .

14. (a) (i)

(b) Number of bacteria in the test tube after 1 day

17. (a) When t  0, L = 4.

18. (a) ∵ Jennifer receives $1081.6 after 2 years.

(b) Interest she will receive in the 3rd year

∴ The percentage decrease in the value of the

From the graph, when .

∴ The solution of is x = –2.7.

∵ The graph of for all real

24. (a) (i) From the graph, when t = 0, N = 200.

(b) ∵ for all real values of t.

From the graph, when , .

26. (a) (i) From the graph, when , .

(c) The value of the savings fund at the beginning of

∴ Percentage change in the value of the savings

Check Yourself (p. 6.35)

2. (a) (0, 1) (b) x (c)

25. (a) 30. (a)

(i) From the graph, when x  0.5, y  1.2.

26. The body surface area of the person