NSS Mathematics in Action - 4B08

8 More about Equations
x 2 5
y 1
x+y=6
Review Exercise 8 (p. 8.7) x 0 3 6
y 6 3 0
1.
By substituting (2) into (1), we have
By substituting x = 2 into (2), we have
∴ The solution is x = 2, y = 0.
∵ The two straight lines intersect at (5.0, 1.0).
2. ∴ The solution is x = 5.0, y = 1.0.
(2)  3 – (1):
6. (a)
By substituting y = 2 into (2), we have
(b)
∴ The solution is x = 2, y = 2.
3.
(1)  2 + (2):
By substituting x = 4 into (1), we have (c)
∴ The solution is x = 4, y = 9.
4. y = 2x 7. (a) Using the quadratic formula,

x 0 1 2
y 0 2 4
x + 2y = 5
x 0 2 4
(b) Using the quadratic formula,
∵ The two straight lines intersect at (1.0, 2.0).

∴ The solution is x = 1.0, y = 2.0.
5. 2x – 3y = 7
64
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4B Full Solutions
(c) Consider the discriminant of the equation
. 11. (a)
∴ The equation has no real roots.
8. (a)
∴ (b)
(b)
9. (a) Maths Dialogue
Maths Dialogue (p. 8.10)

1. Try to obtain an equation in one variable from two given
equations.
2. The original method, Angel’s method and Betty’s method

are easier. Ken’s method is harder.
(b) Classwork
Classwork (p. 8.17)

1. ∵ The two graphs intersect at and .
∴
2. ∵ The two graphs intersect at and

.
∴
10. (a)
3. ∵ The two graphs intersect at only one point
.∴
Classwork (p. 8.21)

(b)
Corresponding
quadratic
equation
of the
quadratic 36
equation
No. of real
0 2
solutions
No. of 0 2
intersections of
65
their graphs By substituting (3) into (1), we have
Corresponding
quadratic
equation
of the
quadratic 0
equation
No. of real By substituting into (3), we have
1
solutions
No. of
intersections 1 ∴
of their graphs
Quick Practice 8.4 (p. 8.11)
Quick Practice
From (2), we have
y = 4x – 1 ……(3)

y = (1) – 1 = 0
y = (7) – 1 = 6 ∴ The equation (*) has no real roots.
∴ ∴ There are no real solutions for the simultaneous equations.

Quick Practice 8.2 (p. 8.9) ∵ The perimeter of the rectangle is 82 cm.
∴
From (2), we have
y = –3x – 4 ……(3)
∵
∴
From (1), we have

y = 41 – x ……(3)
By substituting x = –2 into (3), we have

y = –3(–2) – 4 = 2
By substituting x = into (3), we have

y = 41 – (20) = 21
∴ y = 41 – (21) = 20
∴
Quick Practice 8.3 (p. 8.11) Quick Practice 8.6 (p. 8.13)
Rewrite as Let x be the tens digit and y be the units digit of the original
integer.
∴ The original integer is 10x + y,
From (2), we have and the integer becomes 10y + x when the digits are
y = 5x – 8 ……(3) reversed.
66
∴
x
(a) ∵ The product of the two digits is twice the sum of the y 0 4 8
two digits.
∴
∴ The original integer is 63.

∵ The two graphs intersect at only one point (4.0, 6.0).
(b) ∵ The sum of the squares of the two digits is 65. ∴
∴ x2 + y2 = 65 ……(3)
By substituting (1) into (3), we have Quick Practice 8.9 (p. 8.20)
y = x + 2
x 0 2
y 4 2 0
x 1 3
y 3 1
∵ The two graphs do not intersect.
∴ The simultaneous equations have no real solutions.

(a)
∵ The simultaneous equations have only one real

solution.
∵ The two graphs intersect at (0.3, 2.3) and (3.3, 1.3).

∴
67
(b) By substituting into (3), we have
(b)

By substituting into (2), we have (a) By substituting into the equation
, we have
Since , we have
∴

(b) By substituting x3 = u into the equation x6 + 9x3 + 8 = 0, we
have
Since x3 = u, we have
(a)
By substituting x2 = u into (1), we have
(a)
Since x2 = u, we have
(b) By substituting x2 + x = u into the equation

, we have
Since , we have
68

By substituting 2x = u into (1), we have
Since 2x = u, we have
Checking : When x = 3,

Hence, 3 is not a solution of the equation
When x = 6, By substituting 5x = u into (1), we have
∴ The solution of the equation is .
Checking: When
∴ The solutions of the equation are and .
Alternative Solution
By substituting into the equation
,
we have
Since , we have
69
Since 5x = u, we have ∴ The number of children in the original group is 18.
By substituting log x = u into (1), we have
Since log x = u, we have
(a)
(b)

Let x be the original number of children in the group.
70

Let x be the number of days Mr Tung worked on the project.
∴ The equation (*) has no real roots.

∴ ∴ There are no real solutions for the simultaneous
equations.
2. (a) Perimeter of the smaller rectangle
∴ x + 2y = 40
∴ Mr Tung worked 9 days on the project. Area of rectangle ABCD = xy cm2
∴ xy = 200
∴ The simultaneous equations are
Further Practice .
Further Practice (p. 8.14) (b)

1. (a)
From (1), we have
From (1), we have ……(3)
……(3)
By substituting y = 10 into (3), we have
∴ The dimensions of rectangle ABCD are

By substituting x = 1 into (3), we have
10 cm  20 cm (or 20 cm  10 cm).
Further Practice (p. 8.22)

1.
By substituting into (3), we have
From (2), we have

∴
(b) ∵ The simultaneous equations have at least one real

solution.
From (1), we have
∴
∴ The range of values of k is .
2.
From (2), we have
71
∴ The range of values of a is .
Further Practice (p. 8.33)
1.
Since , we have
2.
Checking: When ,
When ,
∴ The solutions of the equation are and
Alternative Solution
72
, we have
5. By substituting log(x  1)  u into the equation

, we have
Since , we have
3.
Since , we have
4.
By substituting 3x  u into (1), we have
Since 3x  u, we have
73
Since log(x  1)  u, we have By substituting x = 3 into (1), we have
5.
Exercise
Exercise 8A (p. 8.14)

Level 1
1.

∴
6.
∴ By substituting (2) into (1), we have
2.

By substituting x = –1 into (1), we have ∴ There are no real solutions for the simultaneous
y = 2(–1) + 4 = 2 equations.
y = 2(3) + 4 = 10 7.
∴
From (2), we have
3.

By substituting y = 1 into (2), we have x = 3(1)2 = 3
x = 4(1) + 12 = 16 By substituting y = 2 into (3), we have
∴ x = 3(2)2 = 12
∴
4. 8.
By substituting (2) into (1), we have From (1), we have
74

9.
From (1), we have
∴
12. Rewrite as
From (2), we have

∴
10.
From (1), we have ∴
13. (a) ∵ The height of the parallelogram is shorter than the

base by 4 cm.
∴
Area of the parallelogram
∴
.
By substituting into (3), we have (b)

y = (–2) – 1 = –3
By substituting x = 3 into (3), we have By substituting (1) into (2), we have
y = (3) – 1 = 2
∴
11. Rewrite as
14. ∵ The perimeter of the rectangle is 46 cm.
∵ The area of the rectangle is 120 cm2.

∴
75
By substituting (1) into (2), we have By substituting (3) into (2), we have

y = 23 – (8) = 15 (rejected)
y = 23 – (15) = 8
∴ ,
15. (a) ∵ The tens digit is smaller than the units digit by 5.
∴
∵ The sum of the squares of the two digits is 73.
∴
18.
By substituting x  3 into (1), we have From (1), we have
∴ By substituting (3) into (2), we have
(b) The two-digit positive integer is 38.
16. Let x be the tens digit and y be the units digit of the original
integer.
∴ The original integer is 10x + y,
and the integer becomes 10y + x when the digits are
reversed.
∴

∵ The product of the two digits is 15.
∴
19.
By substituting x = 3 into (1), we have From (1), we have

y = (3) + 2 = 5
Level 2
17.
From (1), we have
76
22. Rewrite
as
From (1), we have

20.
From (1), we have

23. Let x cm and y cm be the length and the width of the

rectangle respectively.
∴
21. Rewrite –3x + 4y = x2 + y2 = 25 as
From (1), we have Then the length of the equilateral triangle is also y cm.
∵ The perimeter of the figure is 40 cm.
∴
∵ The area of the rectangle is 50 cm2.

∴
77

x = 20 – 2(5) = 10 By substituting y = 6 into (3), we have
∴ The dimensions of the rectangle are 5 cm  10 cm
(or 10 cm  5 cm). ∴ The present ages of the father and his daughter are 30
and 6 respectively.
24. From the question, we have
25. Let x cm and y cm be the lengths of the sides of squares
ABCD and DEFG respectively.
From (2), we have ∵ EC = 4 cm
∴
∵ The sum of their areas is 400 cm2.

∴

y = (16) – 4 = 12
∴ The lengths of the sides of square ABCD and square
DEFG are 16 cm and 12 cm respectively.
26. Let x m and y m be the length and the width of the garden
respectively.
∵ The area of the garden is 150 m2.
∴
∵ The area of the path is 186 m2.
∴ The dimensions of the garden are 10 m  15 m

(or 15 m  10 m).
78
27. Let x cm and y cm be the width and the length of each

rectangle respectively.
∵ The length of the wire is 78 cm.
∵ The area enclosed by the frame is 96 cm2.

∴
By substituting x = 4.8 into (1), we have
∴ The dimensions of each rectangle are 3 cm  4 cm

(or 4 cm  3 cm) or 4.8 cm  2.5 cm (or 2.5 cm 
4.8 cm).
28.
Perimeter of PQRS
Area of PQRS
79
By substituting (1) into (2), we have ∴ The simultaneous equations have no real solutions.
5.
29. Total surface area of the cuboid
∵ The two graphs intersect at (–1.0, 6) and (3.0, 6).

∴
∴
6. y=x+3
Volume of the cuboid x –1 0 1
y 2 3 4
By substituting (2) and (3) into (1), we have
∵ The two graphs intersect at (0.0, 3) and (3.0, 6).

∴
7. y = 2x – 1
By substituting into (3), we have x 0 1 2
y –1 1 3
Exercise 8B (p. 8.23)

Level 1
1. ∵ The two graphs intersect at and .
∴
∵ The two graphs intersect at only one point (2.0, 3).
2. ∵ The two graphs intersect at only one point
∴
.
∴ 8. y = 2x – 6
x 0 1 2
3. ∵ The two graphs intersect at and y –6 –4 –2
.
∴
4. ∵ The two graphs do not intersect.
80
11. 3x + 2y – 2 =0
x 0 1 2
y 1 –2

9.
x –2 0 2 ∵ The two graphs intersect at (0.00, 1.0) and

y 3 2 1
.
∴
12.
∴ The simultaneous equations have 1 real solution.
13.
∵ The two graphs intersect at (–4.8, 4.4) and (1.3, 1.4). By substituting (2) into (1), we have
∴
10. x – y =2
x 0 1 2
y –2 –1 0
∴ (3) has 2 distinct real roots.

∴ The simultaneous equations have 2 real solutions.
14.
∴ (3) has no real roots.

∵ The two graphs intersect at and
.
∴ 15. L: y = 2x  (1)
C: y = 2x2 + 1  (2)
81
19. y = x2 + 1
x 0 1 2 3
y 5 2 1 2 5 10
x 1 2 3
y 2 6 10
∴ The two graphs do not intersect.
16. L: y = 1 – 2x  (1)
C: y = x2 – x  (2)

∴ The simultaneous equations have 2 distinct real
solutions.
∴ There are 2 intersections between the two graphs.
17. L: 7x + y = 3  (1)
∵ The two graphs intersect at (1.0, 2.0) and (3.0, 10.0).
C: y = –4x2 + 5x – 6 (2)
By substituting (2) into (1), we have ∴
20.
x –2 –1 0 1 2 3
y 3 0 –1 0 3 8
∴ (3) has 1 double real root. x 1 2 3

∴ The simultaneous equations have 1 real solution. y 0 2 4
∴ There is 1 intersection between the two graphs.
Level 2
18. (a) x 4 3 2 1 0
y 4 1 0 1 4
∵ The two graphs intersect at only one point (1.0, 0.0).

∴
21.
x –2 –1 0 1 2 3
y 5 1 –1 –1 1 5
(b) x –2 0 2
y 5 2 –1
x 0
y 1
∵ The two graphs intersect at only one point
(1.0, 1.0).
∴
82
(b) By substituting k = 7 into (3), we have
By substituting x = –2 and k = 7 into (1), we have
∴ The coordinates of P are (–2, –1).
24.
∵ The two graphs intersect at (–2.0, 5.0) and (1.5, –0.2).
∴
From (1), we have
22. (a)
∵ The simultaneous equations have real solution(s).

∵ The simultaneous equations have only one real
solution.
∴
25.
(b) By substituting into (3), we have
From (2), we have
By substituting into (2), we have ∵ The two graphs intersect at two distinct points.
∴ ∴
23. (a)
By substituting (1) into (2), we have ∴ The range of values of a is and .
26.
∵ The quadratic curve
touches the line at one point.
83
∵ The simultaneous equations have no real solutions.
∴ 4.
∴ The range of values of c is .
27.

5.
∵ The line y = x + 4 does not intersect the quadratic

curve y = kx2 + 3x + 2.
6.
Exercise 8C (p. 8.34)

Level 1
1.
7. By substituting x2  u into the equation x4  17x2  16  0,

we have
Since , we have
2.
8. By substituting x2  u into the equation

,
we have
3.
Since x2  u, we have
9. By substituting x3  u into the equation x6 – 26x3  27  0,

we have
84

, we have
10. By substituting x3  u into the equation x6 – 5x3  4  0, we

have

, we have
13.
Checking: When x  2,
When x  8,

.
14.
Checking: When x  7,
85
When x  14,
Hence, 14 is not a solution of the equation Hence, 4 is not a solution of the equation
. .
When ,
15.
Checking:
When , 18.
When ,
∴ The solutions of the equation are and Checking: When x = 4,

.
When x = 64,
16.
Hence, 64 is not a solution of the

equation .
Checking: When x = 4, 19. By substituting into the equation

, we have
When x = 9,
∴ The solutions of the equation are and .
Since , we have
17.
20. By substituting into the equation

, we have
Checking:
When x = 4,
Since , we have
86
21.
23.

22.
24.
25. By substituting log x  u into the equation

, we have
Since log x  u, we have
87
26.
By substituting log x  u into (1), we have
27.
28.
29.
30.
88
Level 2
35. (a)
31.
, we have
Since , we have
33.
34.
89
(b) By substituting into the equation
, we have
∴
38.
From (a),
Since ,
when , we have
Since , we have
when , we have
By using quadratic formula,

39.
Since , we have
36.
By substituting x2  u into (1), we have ∴
40. (a)
x2  7 or x2  5 (rejected)

∴
, we have
37. From (a),

Since , we have
Since , we have
90
Checking:
41. When x  1,
Hence, 1 is not a solution of the equation .
When x  4,
42.
Checking:
When x  3,
When ,
Hence, is not a solution of the equation
43. (a)

, we have
91
Since , we have
From (a),
44. (a)
, we have
From (a),
Since , we have
45.
Since , we have
46.
Since , we have
92
Since , we have
47.
51. By substituting log2(2x  1)  u into the equation

By substituting into (1), we have , we
have
Since , we have
Since , we have
48.

52.
Since , we have
49. By substituting log(x  2)  u into the equation

, we have 53. (a)
Since , we have
50.
, we have
93
1.
Since , we have
2.
54. (a) R.H.S.
(b)
(from (a))
From (1),
Checking:
When x  2,
When x  7,

.
Consider the discriminant of (2).

Exercise 8D (p. 8.38)

Level 1
94
3. Let x and x  1 be the two consecutive integers.
7. Let x be the number of vases John bought.
∴ The two consecutive integers are 2 and 3. ∴ John bought 12 vases.

4. Let x be the number. 8. Time taken for Mary to finish typing the passage with her
usual typing speed

∴
Time taken for Mary to finish typing the passage with her
new typing speed
∴ The possible values of the number are 6 and 2.

∴
5. Let x be the smaller positive even integer.
Then, the larger even integer is .
9. Let x km/h be the usual walking speed of David.

∴ The two consecutive positive even integers are
4 and 6.
∴
6. (a) The price of each carrot last month
The price of each carrot this month
(b) From the question, we have
∴ The usual walking speed of David is 4 km/h.
10. Let x cm be the length of the postcard.
Then, the width of the postcard
∵ The diagonal of the postcard is 15 cm.
95
By substituting into (1), we have Since , we have
When ,
When ,
∴ The dimensions of the postcard is
(or 12 cm  9 cm).
Level 2
14. Suppose the value of John’s investment in the stock market

is equal to that in the bond market at tth year.
96
Since , we have
or
∴ After 14.2 years, the value of John’s investment in the

stock market will be greater than that in the bond
market.
15. Let x km/h be the man’s rowing speed in still water.
∴ The man’s rowing speed in still water is 8 km/h.
Check Yourself (p. 8.42)

1. (a)  (b) 
(c)  (d) 
(e) 
2. (a) ∵ The two graphs do not intersect.

∴ The simultaneous equations have no real
solutions.
(b) ∵ The two graphs intersect at only one point
(c) ∵ The two graphs intersect at

.
97
∴
7.
3.
∵ have 2 distinct real solutions. Since , we have
∴ The range of values of c is . 8.
4.

Revision Exercise 8 (p. 8.43)
Level 1
1.

∴ ∴
5. By substituting into the equation 2.

, we have
From (2), we have
Since , we have
6.
98
∴
3.
6.
From (2), we have x 0 1
1
y 3 6 9

∴ There are no real solutions for the simultaneous
equations.
4.
x 1 0 1
y 0 1 2 ∴ The simultaneous equations have no real solutions.
7.
x 0 1 2
y 5 3 1
∵ The two graphs intersect at (1.0, 0) and (4.0, 5).

∴
∵ The two graphs intersect at (2.2, 0.6) and (6.8, 8.6).

5.
∴
x 0 1 2
y 8 6 4
8.
x 0 2 4
y  2 3
∵ The two graphs intersect at (0.5, 7) and (5.5, 3).
99
∵ The two graphs intersect at (1.5, 1.8) and (6.0, 4.0). From (2), we have
∴
9. (a) x 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
y 9 4 1 0 1 4 9
(b)
∴ (4) has 1 double real root.

∴ The simultaneous equations have 1 real solution.
12.
∵ The simultaneous equations have at least one real

solution.
(c) (i)
x 3 0 3
13.
y 1 0 1
∵ The two graphs intersect at (0.6, 0.2) and
(1.8, 0.6).
∴
(ii)
x 2 1 0
y 8.5 4.5 0.5
∵ The two graphs intersect at (1.7, 7.3) and
(0.3, 1.7).
∴
14.
10.
From (2), we have

, we have

∴ The simultaneous equations have 2 real solutions.
Since , we have
11.
100

, we have 19.
Since , we have
When x  15,
17.
By substituting x2 u into (1), we have

.
Since , we have
20.
Checking: When x = 9,
18.

.
When x = 25,
Checking:
When ,
21.
Hence, is not a solution of the equation
.
When x = 3,
Since , we have
101
By substituting x  5 into (1), we have

y  2(5)  10
∴ The present ages of the brothers are 5 and 10.
22. By substituting log x  u into the equation
26. (a) ∵ The side of square tile B is 3 cm shorter than that
, we have of square tile A.
∴
Area of the floor of the bathroom

∴
.
(b)
23.
24.
∴ ,
27. (a) Price of a magazine this month
25. Let x be the present age of the younger brother and y be the
present age of the older brother.
∵ The older brother is twice as old as the younger
(b) From the question, we have
brother.
∴ 2x  y …… (1)
∵ After four years, the sum of the squares of their ages
is 277.
……(2)
28. Let x km/h be the original speed of the car.
102
∴ The original speed of the car is 60 km/h.

31.
From (2), we have
∴ The original fraction is , i.e. .
Level 2
30.
From (2), we have
32. Rewrite as
From (2), we have
……(3)
103
33. Rewrite as
From (2), we have
……(3)

∴ There are no real solutions for the simultaneous
equations.
34.
x 2 1 0 1 2 3
y 6 2 0 0 2 6
2x  3y  1
x 1 0.5 2
y 1 0 1
104
∵ The quadratic curve touches

the line at one point.
(b) By substituting k  8 into (3), we have
∵ The two graphs intersect at (0.2, 0.2) and (1.4, 0.6).

∴
By substituting x  4 and k  8 into (1), we have
35.
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 ∴ The coordinates of P are (4, 2).
y 2 4 4 2
37. (a)
x 0 2.5 5
y –5
∵ The simultaneous equations have two distinct real

solutions.
∴ The range of values of c is .
(b)
∵ does not satisfy .
∴ The line does not

∵ The two graphs intersect at and intersect the
. quadratic curve at two
∴ points.
38. (a) ∵ The y-intercept of the graph of
36. (a) is 4.
∴
∵ The x-intercepts of the graph of
105
are 3 and 1. (1) + (2)  3:
and
(b) By substituting , and c  4 into
y  ax2  bx  c, we have
Solve the simultaneous equations:
x  0 (rejected) or
∴ The coordinates of P are .
39.
106

∴
∵ c is a positive integer.
∴
Since
Since , we have
42. By substituting x2  2x  u into the equation

, we have
Since , we have
Consider .
Consider
∴ x2  2x  4  0 has no real roots.
107
∴ By substituting into (1), we have
43.
Since , we have
Using the quadratic formula,
, we have
Since , we have
Checking: When ,
When x  2,
108
, we have
Since , we have 48.
By substituting  u into (1), we have
46.
47.
109
Since log(x  1)  u, we have
49.
(b)
By substituting x2  u into (1), we have
50. (a) ∴ The other roots of the equation are 3,

and .
52. (a) ∵ The perimeter of WXYZ is 12 cm longer than that

of ABCD.
(b) By substituting into the equation ∴
∵ The sum of the areas of the two squares is
185 cm2.
, we have
∴
.
From (a), or
Since , we have
(b)
From (1), we have
or
51. (a) ∵ 3 is a root of the equation

.
∴ Length of the wire
110

53.
∵ The perimeter of square ABCD is 60 cm.

From (1), we have ……(3)
∴ , or ,
54. (a) With the notations in the figure,
△ADF ~ △ABC (AAA)
△s)
(b) ∵ The base area of the building is 240 000 m2.

∴
From (1), we have
∴ , or ,
55. Let x be the original number of oranges in the box.
111
∴ The original number of oranges in the box is 40.
56. From the question, we have ∴ P and Q will meet at a point 108 km and 72 km
far away from piers A and B
respectively.
∴ Mary’s claim is agreed.
Multiple Choice Questions (p. 8.48)

1. Answer: D
57. Let x hours be the time taken by the smaller pipe to fill up
the swimming pool.
∴ The smaller pipe takes 12 hours to fill up the

swimming pool.
58. (a) From the question,
∴ The two possible values of x are 35 and 50.
(b) Let d km be the distance between pier A and the point

where P and Q meet.
If P travels with the higher speed obtained in (a), then
and .
112
By substituting (1) into (2), we have ∵ The simultaneous equations have two distinct real
solutions.

y  2(1)  2
By substituting x  6 into (2), we have 5. Answer: A
y  2(6)  12
∴
2. Answer: B
Rewrite as
∵ The line touches the quadratic

curve at only one point.
From (2), we have
……(3)
By substituting (3) into (1), we have ∴
6. Answer: D
For I:
By substituting p  3 into (3), we have ∵ The y-intercept of the graph of is
q431
greater than that of the graph of .
∴ and
∴
3. Answer: D ∴ I is true.
For II:
∵ The graph of has two x-intercepts.
By substituting (2, 5) into (1), we have ∴
∴ II is true.
By substituting (2, 5) into (2), we have For III:
……(3)
By substituting a  3 into (3), we have
By substituting a  3 into (3), we have

∵ The two graphs intersect at two points.
∴
∴ , or ,
∴ III is true.
4. Answer: A ∴ The answer is D.
7. Answer: A
113
, which is a quadratic equation.

For II,
8. Answer: C
which is not a quadratic

equation.
or 3x  1
or
9. Answer: D
By substituting log x  u into (1), we have
10. Answer: B
Since , we have
∴
∴ The equation have 3
distinct real
roots.
11. Answer: A
For I,
114
For III,
By substituting , we have
, which is a quadratic equation.

∴ The answer is A.
12. Answer: B
Let x cm and y cm be the lengths of CE and BC
respectively.
∵ and
∴
i.e.
Area of the plate

∴
∴ The length of CE is 7 cm.
13. Answer: D
Original number of eggs that can be bought
Number of eggs that can be bought after price reduction
∵ 10 more eggs can be bought when the price is

lowered.
∴ The following equation gives the value of x:
14. Answer: A
Let x cm and y cm be the shorter side and the longer side of
the rectangle respectively.
∵ The area of the rectangle ABCD is 168 cm2.
∴
∵ The diameter of the circle is 25 cm.
∴
∴
From (1), we have
115
Since , we have
∵ x must be positive.
∴
∴ The length of AB is 7 cm.
HKMO (p. 8.50)

, we have
Since , we have
∴ There are 2 integers that satisfy the equation

.
∴

, we have
116
Checking:
When ,
5.
When ,
Hence, u cannot be
∴
Since , we have
∵ r is the larger real root of the equation

∴ The required product of the real roots, P
.
3.
6.
From (1), we have
∴ Since , we have
4. ∵ a satisfies the equation.

∴
By substituting into (1), we have Exam Focus
Exam-type Questions (p. 8.52)

1. Answer: A
For I:
From the graph, the sum of roots of
is
Since , we have positive.
Therefore, I must be true.

For II:
From the graph, we know that the slope of the straight line
is positive.
∴
Therefore, II must be true.
For III:
117
∵ The curve and the straight line

By substituting (2) into (1), we have intersect at two points.
Therefore, III may not be true.

∴ The answer is A.
2. Answer: B
The equation of L is .
∵ The straight line L intersects the curve C at only one

point.
3. Answer: B
Since , we have
4. Answer: C
From the question,
118
(b) (i)
∵ x-coordinate of the mid-point of AB is
5. (ii) From (b)(i), we have
By substituting into
, we
By substituting (2) into (1), we have have

∴ The y-coordinate of the mid-point of AB is
, we have 5.
Investigation Corner (p. 8.54)

(a)
Since , we have
(b) y = x + 2
x –2 0 2
x
y 0 2 4
6. (a) ∵ are the roots of the equation

. ∵ The two graphs intersect at and
.
∴
∴
119
(c)
(e)
∴ The values of x obtained in (b) are the solutions of the

equation .
(d) (i) ∴ We can solve the quadratic equation in (d)(i) by
adding the straight line on the graph
of .
x 0 1 2
x
y 0 2.5 5
∴ We can solve the quadratic equation in (d)(ii) by
adding the straight line on the graph
of .
∵ The x-coordinates of the intersections of the two

graphs are 0.0 and 2.5.
∴ The solutions of the equation are 0.0 and 2.5.
(ii)
x 0 2
x
y 4 3 2
∵ The x-coordinates of the intersections of the two

graphs are and 1.5.
1.5.
120

NSS Mathematics in Action - 4B08

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8 More about Equations

By substituting x = 2 into (2), we have

By substituting y = 2 into (2), we have

By substituting x = 4 into (1), we have (c)

4. y = 2x 7. (a) Using the quadratic formula,

(b) Using the quadratic formula,

∵ The two straight lines intersect at (1.0, 2.0).

(c) Consider the discriminant of the equation

∴ The equation has no real roots.

9. (a) Maths Dialogue

Maths Dialogue (p. 8.10)

2. The original method, Angel’s method and Betty’s method

Classwork (p. 8.17)

2. ∵ The two graphs intersect at and

Classwork (p. 8.21)

their graphs By substituting (3) into (1), we have

By substituting (1) into (2), we have

By substituting x = 1 into (1), we have

Quick Practice 8.5 (p. 8.12)

From (1), we have

By substituting x = –2 into (3), we have

By substituting x = into (3), we have

By substituting x = 20 into (3), we have

By substituting x = 1 into (1), we have

By substituting x = 6 into (1), we have

∴ The original integer is 63.

By substituting x = 7 into (1), we have

∴ The original integer is 74.

Quick Practice 8.7 (p. 8.18)

Quick Practice 8.10 (p. 8.22)

∵ The simultaneous equations have only one real

∵ The two graphs intersect at (0.3, 2.3) and (3.3, 1.3).

(b) By substituting into (3), we have

Quick Practice 8.13 (p. 8.28)

Quick Practice 8.11 (p. 8.26)

Quick Practice 8.14 (p. 8.29)

Quick Practice 8.12 (p. 8.27)

By substituting x2 = u into (1), we have

(b) By substituting x2 + x = u into the equation

Quick Practice 8.17 (p. 8.31)

By substituting 2x = u into (1), we have

Quick Practice 8.18 (p. 8.32)

When x = 6, By substituting 5x = u into (1), we have

∴ The solution of the equation is .

Quick Practice 8.16 (p. 8.30)

∴ The solutions of the equation are and .

Since 5x = u, we have ∴ The number of children in the original group is 18.

Quick Practice 8.19 (p. 8.32)

By substituting log x = u into (1), we have

Since log x = u, we have

Quick Practice 8.20 (p. 8.33)

Quick Practice 8.21 (p. 8.37)

Quick Practice 8.22 (p. 8.37)

∴ The equation (*) has no real roots.

2. (a) Perimeter of the smaller rectangle

Further Practice (p. 8.14) (b)

By substituting (3) into (2), we have

By substituting y = 10 into (3), we have

∴ The dimensions of rectangle ABCD are

Further Practice (p. 8.22)

By substituting (3) into (1), we have

(b) ∵ The simultaneous equations have at least one real

By substituting (3) into (2), we have